TED英語(yǔ)演講稿：內(nèi)向性格的力量

　　When I was nine years old I went off to summer camp for the first time。 And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books， which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do。 Because in my family， reading was the primary group activity。 And this might sound antisocial to you， but for us it was really just a different way of being social。 You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you， but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland inside your own mind。 And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this， but better。 （Laughter） I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns。

　　當(dāng)我九歲的時(shí)候 我第一次去參加夏令營(yíng) 我媽媽幫我整理好了我的行李箱 里面塞滿(mǎn)了書(shū) 這對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)是一件極為自然的事情 因?yàn)樵谖业募彝ダ?閱讀是主要的家庭活動(dòng) 聽(tīng)上去你們可能覺(jué)得我們是不愛(ài)交際的 但是對(duì)于我的家庭來(lái)說(shuō)這真的只是接觸社會(huì)的另一種途徑 你們有自己家庭接觸時(shí)的溫暖親情 家人靜坐在你身邊 但是你也可以自由地漫游 在你思維深處的冒險(xiǎn)樂(lè)園里我有一個(gè)想法 野營(yíng)會(huì)變得像這樣子，當(dāng)然要更好些 （笑聲） 我想象到十個(gè)女孩坐在一個(gè)小屋里 都穿著合身的女式睡衣愜意地享受著讀書(shū)的過(guò)程

　�。↙aughter）

　�。ㄐβ暎�

　　Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol。 And on the very first day our counselor gathered us all together and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit。 And it went like this： "R—O—W—D—I—E， that's the way we spell rowdie。 Rowdie， rowdie， let's get rowdie。" Yeah。 So I couldn't figure out for the life of me why we were supposed to be so rowdy， or why we had to spell this word incorrectly。 （Laughter） But I recited a cheer。 I recited a cheer along with everybody else。 I did my best。 And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books。

　　野營(yíng)這時(shí)更像是一個(gè)不提供酒水的派對(duì)聚會(huì) 在第一天的時(shí)候呢 我們的顧問(wèn)把我們都集合在一起 并且她教會(huì)了我們一種今后要用到的慶祝方式 在余下夏令營(yíng)的每一天中 讓“露營(yíng)精神”浸潤(rùn)我們 之后它就像這樣繼續(xù)著 R—O—W—D—I—E 這是我們拼寫(xiě)“吵鬧"的口號(hào) 我們唱著“噪音，喧鬧，我們要變得吵一點(diǎn)” 對(duì)，就是這樣 可我就是弄不明白我的生活會(huì)是什么樣的 為什么我們變得這么吵鬧粗暴 或者為什么我們非要把這個(gè)單詞錯(cuò)誤地拼寫(xiě) （笑聲） 但是我可沒(méi)有忘記慶祝。我與每個(gè)人都互相歡呼慶祝了 我盡了我最大的努力 我只是想等待那一刻 我可以離開(kāi)吵鬧的聚會(huì)去捧起我摯愛(ài)的書(shū)

　　But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase， the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me and she asked me， "Why are you being so mellow？" —— mellow， of course， being the exact opposite of R—O—W—D—I—E。 And then the second time I tried it， the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face and she repeated the point about camp spirit and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing。

　　但是當(dāng)我第一次把書(shū)從行李箱中拿出來(lái)的時(shí)候 床鋪中最酷的那個(gè)女孩向我走了過(guò)來(lái) 并且她問(wèn)我：“為什么你要這么安靜？” 安靜，當(dāng)然，是R—O—W—D—I—E的反義詞 “喧鬧”的反義詞 而當(dāng)我第二次拿書(shū)的時(shí)候 我們的顧問(wèn)滿(mǎn)臉憂(yōu)慮的向我走了過(guò)來(lái) 接著她重復(fù)了關(guān)于“露營(yíng)精神”的要點(diǎn)并且說(shuō)我們都應(yīng)當(dāng)努力 去變得外向些

　　And so I put my books away， back in their suitcase， and I put them under my bed， and there they stayed for the rest of the summer。 And I felt kind of guilty about this。 I felt as if the books needed me somehow， and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them。But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer。

　　于是我放好我的書(shū) 放回了屬于它們的行李箱中 并且我把它們放到了床底下 在那里它們度過(guò)了暑假余下的每一天 我對(duì)這樣做感到很愧疚 不知為什么我感覺(jué)這些書(shū)是需要我的 它們?cè)诤魡疚�，但是我卻放棄了它們 我確實(shí)放下了它們，并且我再也沒(méi)有打開(kāi)那個(gè)箱子 直到我和我的家人一起回到家中 在夏末的時(shí)候

　　Now， I tell you this story about summer camp。 I could have told you 50 others just like it ——all the times that I got the message that somehow my quiet and introverted style of beingwas not necessarily the right way to go， that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert。 And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were。 But for years I denied this intuition， and so I became a Wall Street lawyer， of all things， instead of the writer that I had always longed to be —— partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too。 And I was always going off to crowded bars when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends。 And I made these self—negating choices so reflexively， that I wasn't even aware that I was making them。

　　現(xiàn)在，我向你們講述這個(gè)夏令營(yíng)的故事 我完全可以給你們講出其他50種版本就像這個(gè)一樣的故事—— 每當(dāng)我感覺(jué)到這樣的時(shí)候 它告訴我出于某種原因，我的寧?kù)o和內(nèi)向的風(fēng)格 并不是正確道路上的必需品 我應(yīng)該更多地嘗試一個(gè)外向者的角色 而在我內(nèi)心深處感覺(jué)得到，這是錯(cuò)誤的內(nèi)向的人們都是非常優(yōu)秀的，確實(shí)是這樣 但是許多年來(lái)我都否認(rèn)了這種直覺(jué) 于是我首先成為了華爾街的一名律師 而不是我長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)想要成為的一名作家 一部分原因是因?yàn)槲蚁胍�證明自己 也可以變得勇敢而堅(jiān)定 并且我總是去那些擁擠的酒吧 當(dāng)我只是想要和朋友們吃一頓愉快的晚餐時(shí) 我做出了這些自我否認(rèn)的抉擇 如條件反射一般 甚至我都不清楚我做出了這些決定

　　Now this is what many introverts do， and it's our loss for sure， but it is also our colleagues' loss and our communities' loss。 And at the risk of sounding grandiose， it is the world's loss。 Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership， we need introverts doing what they do best。 A third to a half of the population are introverts —— a third to a half。 So that's one out of every two or three people you know。 So even if you're an extrovert yourself， I'm talking about your coworkers and your spouses and your childrenand the person sitting next to you right now —— all of them subject to this bias that is pretty deep and real in our society。 We all internalize it from a very early age without even having a language for what we're doing。

　　這就是很多內(nèi)向的人正在做的事情 這當(dāng)然是我們的損失 但這同樣也是同事們的損失 我們所在團(tuán)隊(duì)集體的損失 當(dāng)然，冒著被指為夸大其詞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)我想說(shuō)，更是世界的損失 因?yàn)楫?dāng)涉及創(chuàng)造和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的時(shí)候 我們需要內(nèi)向的人做到最好 三分之一到二分之一的人都是內(nèi)向的—— 三分之一到二分之一 你要知道這可意味著每?jī)傻饺齻�(gè)人中就有一個(gè)內(nèi)向的 所以即使你自己是一個(gè)外向的人 我正在說(shuō)你的同事 和你的配偶和你的孩子 還有現(xiàn)在正坐在你旁邊的那個(gè)家伙—— 他們都要屈從于這樣的偏見(jiàn) 一種在我們的社會(huì)中已經(jīng)扎根的現(xiàn)實(shí)偏見(jiàn) 我們從很小的時(shí)候就把它藏在內(nèi)心最深處 甚至都不說(shuō)幾句話(huà)，關(guān)于我們正在做的事情。

　　Now to see the bias clearly you need to understand what introversion is。 It's different from being shy。 Shyness is about fear of social judgment。 Introversion is more about， how do you respond to stimulation， including social stimulation。 So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation， whereas introverts feel at their most alive and their most switched—on and their most capable when they're in quieter， more low—key environments。Not all the time —— these things aren't absolute —— but a lot of the time。 So the key then to maximizing our talents is for us all to put ourselves in the zone of stimulation that is right for us。

　　現(xiàn)在讓我們來(lái)清楚地看待這種偏見(jiàn) 我們需要真正了解“內(nèi)向”到底指什么 它和害羞是不同的 害羞是對(duì)于社會(huì)評(píng)論的恐懼 內(nèi)向更多的是 你怎樣對(duì)于刺激作出回應(yīng) 包括來(lái)自社會(huì)的刺激 其實(shí)內(nèi)向的人是很渴求大量的鼓舞和激勵(lì)的 反之內(nèi)向者最感覺(jué)到他們的存在 這是他們精力最充足的時(shí)候，最具有能力的時(shí)候 當(dāng)他們存在于更安靜的，更低調(diào)的環(huán)境中 并不是所有時(shí)候——這些事情都不是絕對(duì)的—— 但是存在于很多時(shí)候 所以說(shuō)，關(guān)鍵在于 把我們的天賦發(fā)揮到最大化 這對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō)就足夠把我們自己 放到對(duì)于我們正確又合適的激勵(lì)的區(qū)域中去

　　But now here's where the bias comes in。 Our most important institutions， our schools and our workplaces， they are designed mostly for extroverts and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation。 And also we have this belief system right now that I call the new groupthink，which holds that all creativity and all productivity comes from a very oddly gregarious place。

　　但是現(xiàn)在偏見(jiàn)出現(xiàn)了 我們最重要的那些體系 我們的學(xué)校和工作單位 它們都是為性格外向者設(shè)計(jì)的 并且有適合他們需要的刺激和鼓勵(lì) 當(dāng)然我們現(xiàn)在也有這樣一種信用機(jī)制 我稱(chēng)它為新型的“團(tuán)隊(duì)思考” 這是一種包含所有創(chuàng)造力和生產(chǎn)力的思考方式 從一個(gè)社交非常零散的地方產(chǎn)生的

　　So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays： When I was going to school， we sat in rows。 We sat in rows of desks like this， and we did most of our work pretty autonomously。But nowadays， your typical classroom has pods of desks —— four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other。 And kids are working in countless group assignments。 Even in subjects like math and creative writing， which you think would depend on solo flights of thought， kids are now expected to act as committee members。 And for the kids who preferto go off by themselves or just to work alone， those kids are seen as outliers often or， worse， as problem cases。 And the vast majority of teachers reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert as opposed to an introvert， even though introverts actually get better grades and are more knowledgeable， according to research。 （Laughter）

　　當(dāng)你描繪今天典型教室的圖案時(shí) 當(dāng)我還上學(xué)的時(shí)候 我們一排排地坐著 我們靠著桌子一排排坐著就像這樣 并且我們大多數(shù)工作都是自覺(jué)完成的 但是在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)，所謂典型的教室 是些圈起來(lái)并排的桌子—— 四個(gè)或是五個(gè)或是六、七個(gè)孩子坐在一起，面對(duì)面 孩子們要完成無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)小組任務(wù) 甚至像數(shù)學(xué)和創(chuàng)意寫(xiě)作這些課程 這些你們認(rèn)為需要依靠個(gè)人閃光想法的課程 孩子們現(xiàn)在卻被期待成為小組會(huì)的成員 對(duì)于那些喜歡 獨(dú)處，或者自己一個(gè)人工作的孩子來(lái)說(shuō) 這些孩子常常被視為局外人 或者更糟，被視為問(wèn)題孩子 并且很大一部分老師的報(bào)告中都相信 最理想的學(xué)生應(yīng)該是外向的 相對(duì)于內(nèi)向的學(xué)生而言 甚至說(shuō)外向的學(xué)生能夠取得更好的成績(jī) 更加博學(xué)多識(shí)據(jù)研究報(bào)道 （笑聲）

　　Okay， same thing is true in our workplaces。 Now， most of us work in open plan offices，without walls， where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers。 And when it comes to leadership， introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions，even though introverts tend to be very careful， much less likely to take outsize risks ——which is something we might all favor nowadays。 And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School has found that introverted leaders often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do， because when they are managing proactive employees， they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas， whereas an extrovert can， quite unwittingly， get so excited about things that they're putting their own stamp on things， and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface。

　　好了。同樣的事情也發(fā)生在我們工作的地方 現(xiàn)在呢，我們中的絕大多數(shù)都工作在寬闊沒(méi)有隔間的辦公室里 甚至沒(méi)有墻 在這里，我們暴露 在不斷的噪音和我們同事的凝視目光下工作 而當(dāng)談及領(lǐng)袖氣質(zhì)的時(shí)候 內(nèi)向的人總是按照慣例從領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的位置被忽視了 盡管內(nèi)向的人是非常小心仔細(xì)的 很少去冒特大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)—— 這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是今天我們可能都喜歡的 賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)沃頓商學(xué)院的亞當(dāng)·格蘭特教授做了一項(xiàng)很有意思的研究 這項(xiàng)研究表明內(nèi)向的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們 相對(duì)于外向領(lǐng)導(dǎo)而言總是會(huì)生產(chǎn)更大的效益 因?yàn)楫?dāng)他們管理主動(dòng)積極的雇員的時(shí)候 他們更傾向于讓有主見(jiàn)的雇員去自由發(fā)揮 反之外向的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)就可能，當(dāng)然是不經(jīng)意的 對(duì)于事情變得十分激動(dòng) 他們?cè)谑聞?wù)上有了自己想法的印跡 這使其他人的想法可能就不會(huì)很容易地 在舞臺(tái)上發(fā)光了

　　Now in fact， some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts。 I'll give you some examples。 Eleanor Roosevelt， Rosa Parks， Gandhi —— all these peopled described themselves as quiet and soft—spoken and even shy。 And they all took the spotlight， even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to。 And this turns out to have a special power all its own， because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm，not because they enjoyed directing others and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;they were there because they had no choice， because they were driven to do what they thought was right。

　　事實(shí)上，歷史上一些有改革能力的領(lǐng)袖都是內(nèi)向的人 我會(huì)舉一些例子給你們 埃莉諾·羅斯福，羅沙·帕克斯，甘地 —— 所有這些人都把自己描述成 內(nèi)向，說(shuō)話(huà)溫柔甚至是害羞的人 他們?nèi)匀徽驹诹司酃鉄粝?即使他們渾身上下 都感知他們說(shuō)不要 這證明是一種屬于它自身的特殊的力量因?yàn)槿藗兌紩?huì)感覺(jué)這些領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者同時(shí)是掌舵者 并不是因?yàn)樗麄兿矚g指揮別人 抑或是享受眾人目光的聚焦 他們處在那個(gè)位置因?yàn)樗麄儧](méi)有選擇 因?yàn)樗麄冃旭傇谒麄冋J(rèn)為正確的道路上

　　Now I think at this point it's important for me to say that I actually love extroverts。 I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts， including my beloved husband。 And we all fall at different points， of course， along the introvert/extrovert spectrum。 Even Carl Jung， the psychologist who first popularized these terms， said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert or a pure extrovert。 He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum， if he existed at all。 And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum， and we call these people ambiverts。 And I often think that they have the best of all worlds。 But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other。

　　現(xiàn)在我覺(jué)得對(duì)于這點(diǎn)我有必要說(shuō) 那就是我真的喜愛(ài)外向的人 我總是喜歡說(shuō)我最好的幾個(gè)朋友都是外向的人 包括我親愛(ài)的丈夫 當(dāng)然了我們都會(huì)在不同點(diǎn)時(shí)偏向 內(nèi)向者/外向者的范圍 甚至是卡爾·榮格，這個(gè)讓這些名詞為大眾所熟知的心理學(xué)家，說(shuō)道 世上絕沒(méi)有一個(gè)純粹的內(nèi)向的人 或者一個(gè)純粹的外向的人 他說(shuō)這樣的人會(huì)在精神病院里 如果他存在的話(huà) 還有一些人處在中間的跡象 在內(nèi)向與外向之間 我們稱(chēng)這些人為“中向性格者” 并且我總是認(rèn)為他們擁有世界最美好的一切 但是我們中的大多數(shù)總是認(rèn)為自己屬于內(nèi)向或者外向，其中一類(lèi)

　　And what I'm saying is that culturally we need a much better balance。 We need more of a yin and yang between these two types。 This is especially important when it comes to creativity and to productivity， because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people， what they find are people who are very good at exchanging ideas and advancing ideas， but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them。

　　同時(shí)我想說(shuō)從文化意義上講我們需要一種更好的平衡 我們需要更多的陰陽(yáng)的平衡 在這兩種類(lèi)型的人之間 這點(diǎn)是極為重要的 當(dāng)涉及創(chuàng)造力和生產(chǎn)力的時(shí)候 因?yàn)楫?dāng)心理學(xué)家們看待 最有創(chuàng)造力的人的生命的時(shí)候 他們尋找到的 是那些擅長(zhǎng)變換思維的人 提出想法的人 但是他們同時(shí)也有著極為顯著的偏內(nèi)向的痕跡

　　And this is because solitude is a crucial ingredient often to creativity。 So Darwin， he took long walks alone in the woods and emphatically turned down dinner party invitations。Theodor Geisel， better known as Dr。 Seuss， he dreamed up many of his amazing creations in a lonely bell tower office that he had in the back of his house in La Jolla， California。 And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus—like figure and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona。 Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer sitting alone in his cubical in Hewlett—Packard where he was working at the time。 And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place had he not been too introverted to leave the house when he was growing up。

　　這是因?yàn)楠?dú)處是非常關(guān)鍵的因素 對(duì)于創(chuàng)造力來(lái)說(shuō) 所以達(dá)爾文 自己一個(gè)人漫步在小樹(shù)林里 并且斷然拒絕了晚餐派對(duì)的邀約 西奧多·蓋索，更多時(shí)候以蘇索博士的名號(hào)知名 他夢(mèng)想過(guò)很多的驚人的創(chuàng)作 在他在加利福尼亞州拉霍亞市房子的后面的 一座孤獨(dú)的束層的塔形辦公室中 而且其實(shí)他很害怕見(jiàn)面 見(jiàn)那些讀過(guò)他的書(shū)的年輕的孩子們 害怕他們會(huì)期待他 這樣一位令人愉快的，圣誕老人形象的人物 同時(shí)又會(huì)因發(fā)現(xiàn)他含蓄緘默的性格而失望 史蒂夫·沃茲尼亞克發(fā)明了第一臺(tái)蘋(píng)果電腦 一個(gè)人獨(dú)自坐在他的機(jī)柜旁 在他當(dāng)時(shí)工作的惠普公司 并且他說(shuō)他永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)在那方面成為一號(hào)專(zhuān)家 但他還沒(méi)因太內(nèi)向到要離開(kāi)那里 那個(gè)他成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的地方

　　Now of course， this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating —— and case in point， is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs to start Apple Computer —— but it does mean that solitude matters and that for some people it is the air that they breathe。 And in fact， we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude。 It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it。 If you look at most of the world's major religions， you will find seekers —— Moses， Jesus， Buddha， Muhammad ——seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations that they then bring back to the rest of the community。 So no wilderness， no revelations。

　　當(dāng)然了 這并不意味著我們都應(yīng)該停止合作—— 恰當(dāng)?shù)睦�子呢，是史蒂夫·沃茲尼亞克和史蒂夫·喬布斯的著名�?lián)手 創(chuàng)建蘋(píng)果電腦公司—— 但是這并不意味著和獨(dú)處有重大關(guān)系 并且對(duì)于一些人來(lái)說(shuō) 這是他們賴(lài)以呼吸生存的空氣 事實(shí)上，幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)我們已經(jīng)非常明白 獨(dú)處的卓越力量只是到了最近，非常奇怪，我們開(kāi)始遺忘它了 如果你看看世界上主要的宗教 你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)探尋者—— 摩西，耶穌，佛祖，那些獨(dú)身去探尋的人們 在大自然的曠野中獨(dú)處，思索 在那里，他們有了深刻的頓悟和對(duì)于奧義的揭示 之后他們把這些思想帶回到社會(huì)的其他地方去沒(méi)有曠原，沒(méi)有啟示

　　This is no surprise though if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology。 It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people without instinctively mirroring， mimicking their opinions。 Even about seemingly personal and visceral things like who you're attracted to， you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you without even realizing that that's what you're doing。

　　盡管這并不令人驚訝 如果你注意到現(xiàn)代心理學(xué)的思想理論 它反映出來(lái)我們甚至不能和一組人待在一起 而不去本能地模仿他們的意見(jiàn)與想法 甚至是看上去私人的，發(fā)自?xún)?nèi)心的事情 像是你被誰(shuí)所吸引 你會(huì)開(kāi)始模仿你周?chē)�的人的信�?甚至都覺(jué)察不到你自己在做什么

　　And groups famously follow the opinions of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room， even though there's zero correlation between being the best talker and having the best ideas —— I mean zero。 So 。。。 （Laughter） You might be following the person with the best ideas， but you might not。 And do you really want to leave it up to chance？ Much better for everybody to go off by themselves， generate their own ideas freed from the distortions of group dynamics， and then come together as a team to talk them through in a well—managed environment and take it from there。

　　還曾跟隨群體的意見(jiàn) 跟隨著房間里最具有統(tǒng)治力的，最有領(lǐng)袖氣質(zhì)的人的思路 雖然這真的沒(méi)什么關(guān)系 在成為一個(gè)卓越的演講家還是擁有最好的主意之間—— 我的意思是“零相關(guān)” 那么。。。（笑聲） 你們或許會(huì)跟隨有最好頭腦的人 但是你們也許不會(huì) 可你們真的想把這機(jī)會(huì)扔掉嗎？如果每個(gè)人都自己行動(dòng)或許好得多 發(fā)掘他們自己的想法 沒(méi)有群體動(dòng)力學(xué)的曲解 接著來(lái)到一起組成一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì) 在一個(gè)良好管理的環(huán)境中互相交流 并且在那里學(xué)習(xí)別的思想

　　Now if all this is true， then why are we getting it so wrong？ Why are we setting up our schools this way and our workplaces？ And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time？ One answer lies deep in our cultural history。 Western societies， and in particular the U。S。， have always favored the man of action over the man of contemplation and "man" of contemplation。 But in America's early days， we lived in what historians call a culture of character， where we still， at that point， valued people for their inner selves and their moral rectitude。 And if you look at the self—help books from this era， they all had titles with things like "Character， the Grandest Thing in the World。" And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln who was praised for being modest and unassuming。 Ralph Waldo Emerson called him "A man who does not offend by superiority。"

　　如果說(shuō)現(xiàn)在這一切都是真的 那么為什么我們還得到這樣錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論？ 為什么我們要這樣創(chuàng)立我們的學(xué)校，還有我們的工作單位？ 為什么我們要讓這些內(nèi)向的人覺(jué)得那么愧疚 。對(duì)于他們只是想要離開(kāi)，一個(gè)人獨(dú)處一段時(shí)間的事實(shí)？ 有一個(gè)答案在我們的文化史中埋藏已久 西方社會(huì)特別是在美國(guó) 總是偏愛(ài)有行動(dòng)的人 而不是有深刻思考的人 有深刻思考的“人” 但是在美國(guó)早期的時(shí)候 我們生活在一個(gè)被歷史學(xué)家稱(chēng)作“性格特征”的文化 那時(shí)我們?nèi)匀唬�在這點(diǎn)上，判斷人們的價(jià)值 從人們的內(nèi)涵和道義正直 而且如果你看一看這個(gè)時(shí)代關(guān)于自立的書(shū)籍的話(huà) 它們都有這樣一種標(biāo)題： “性格”，世界上最偉大的事物 并且它們以亞伯拉罕·林肯這樣的為標(biāo)榜 一個(gè)被形容為謙虛低調(diào)的男人 拉爾夫·瓦爾多·愛(ài)默生稱(chēng)他是 “一個(gè)以‘優(yōu)越’二字形容都不為過(guò)的人”

　　But then we hit the 20th century and we entered a new culture that historians call the culture of personality。 What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy to a world of big business。 And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities。And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives， now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers。 So， quite understandably， qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important。 And sure enough， the self—help books change to meet these new needs and they start to have names like "How to Win Friends and Influence People。" And they feature as their role models really great salesmen。 So that's the world we're living in today。 That's our cultural inheritance。

　　但是接著我們來(lái)到了二十世紀(jì) 并且我們?nèi)谌肓艘环N新的文化 一種被歷史學(xué)家稱(chēng)作“個(gè)性”的文化 所發(fā)生的改變就是我們從農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展為 一個(gè)大商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的世界 而且人們突然開(kāi)始搬遷從小的城鎮(zhèn)搬向城市 并且一改他們之前的在生活中和所熟識(shí)的人們一起工作的方式 現(xiàn)在他們?cè)谝蝗耗吧�人中間有必要去證明自己 這樣做是非�？梢岳斫獾� 像領(lǐng)袖氣質(zhì)和個(gè)人魅力這樣的品質(zhì) 突然間似乎變得極為重要 那么可以肯定的是，自助自立的書(shū)的內(nèi)容變更了以適應(yīng)這些新的需求 并且它們開(kāi)始擁有名稱(chēng) 像是《如何贏得朋友和影響他人》（戴爾？卡耐基所著《人性的弱點(diǎn)》） 他們的特點(diǎn)是做自己的榜樣 不得不說(shuō)確實(shí)是好的推銷(xiāo)員 所以這就是我們今天生活的世界 這是我們的文化遺產(chǎn)

　　Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant， and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all。 The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops also teach us love and trust。 And the problems that we are facing today in fields like science and in economics are so vast and so complex that we are going to need armies of people coming together to solve them working together。 But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves， the more likely that they are to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems。

　　現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有誰(shuí)能夠說(shuō) 社交技能是不重要的 并且我也不是想呼吁 大家廢除團(tuán)隊(duì)合作模式 但仍是相同的宗教，卻把他們的圣人送到了孤獨(dú)的山頂上 仍然教導(dǎo)我們愛(ài)與信任 還有我們今天所要面對(duì)的問(wèn)題 像是在科學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域 是如此的巨大和復(fù)雜 以至于我們需要人們強(qiáng)有力地團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái) 共同解決這些問(wèn)題 但是我想說(shuō)，越給內(nèi)向者自由讓他們做自己 他們就做得越好 去想出他們獨(dú)特的關(guān)于問(wèn)題的解決辦法

　　So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today。 Guess what？ Books。 I have a suitcase full of books。 Here's Margaret Atwood， "Cat's Eye。" Here's a novel by Milan Kundera。 And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed" by Maimonides。 But these are not exactly my books。 I brought these books with me because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors。

　　所以現(xiàn)在我很高興同你們分享 我手提箱中的東西 猜猜是什么？ 書(shū) 我有一個(gè)手提箱里面裝滿(mǎn)了書(shū) 這是瑪格麗特·阿特伍德的《貓的眼睛》 這是一本米蘭·昆德拉的書(shū) 這是一本《迷途指津》 是邁蒙尼德寫(xiě)的 但這些實(shí)際上都不是我的書(shū) 我還是帶著它們，陪伴著我 因?yàn)樗鼈兌际俏易娓缸钕矏?ài)的作家所寫(xiě)

　　My grandfather was a rabbi and he was a widower who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up， partly because it was filled with his very gentle， very courtly presence and partly because it was filled with books。 I mean literally every table， every chair in this apartment had yielded its original function to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books。 Just like the rest of my family， my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read。

　　我的祖父是一名猶太教祭司 他獨(dú)身一人 在布魯克林的一間小公寓中居住 那里是我從小到大在這個(gè)世界上最喜愛(ài)的地方 部分原因是他有著非常溫和親切的，溫文爾雅的舉止 部分原因是那里充滿(mǎn)了書(shū) 我的意思是，毫不夸張地說(shuō)，公寓中的每張桌子，每張椅子 都充分應(yīng)用著它原有的功能 就是現(xiàn)在作為承載一大堆都在搖曳的書(shū)的表面 就像我其他的家庭成員一樣 我祖父在這個(gè)世界上最喜歡做的事情就是閱讀

　　But he also loved his congregation， and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi。 He would takes the fruits of each week's reading and he would weave these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought。 And people would come from all over to hear him speak。

　　但是他同樣也熱愛(ài)他的宗教 并且你們可以從他的講述中感覺(jué)到他這種愛(ài) 這62年來(lái)每周他都作為一名猶太教的祭司 他會(huì)從每周的閱讀中汲取養(yǎng)分 并且他會(huì)編織這些錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的古代和人文主義的思想的掛毯 并且人們會(huì)從各個(gè)地方前來(lái) 聽(tīng)他的講話(huà)

　　But here's the thing about my grandfather。 Underneath this ceremonial role， he was really modest and really introverted —— so much so that when he delivered these sermons， he had trouble making eye contact with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years。 And even away from the podium， when you called him to say hello， he would often end the conversation prematurely for fear that he was taking up too much of your time。 But when he died at the age of 94， the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him。 And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example in my own way。

　　但是有這么一件關(guān)于我祖父的事情 在這個(gè)正式的角色下隱藏著 他是一個(gè)非常謙虛的非常內(nèi)向的人 是那么的謙虛內(nèi)向以至于當(dāng)他在向人們講述的時(shí)候 他都不敢有視線(xiàn)上的接觸 和同樣的教堂會(huì)眾 他已經(jīng)發(fā)言有62年了 甚至都還遠(yuǎn)離領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)臺(tái) 當(dāng)你們讓他說(shuō)“你好”的時(shí)候 他總會(huì)提早結(jié)束這對(duì)話(huà) 擔(dān)心他會(huì)占用你太多的時(shí)間 但是當(dāng)他94歲去世的時(shí)候 警察們需要封鎖他所居住的街道鄰里 來(lái)容納擁擠的人們 前來(lái)哀悼他的人們 這些天來(lái)我都試著從我祖父的事例中學(xué)習(xí) 以我自己的方式

　　So I just published a book about introversion， and it took me about seven years to write。And for me， that seven years was like total bliss， because I was reading， I was writing， I was thinking， I was researching。 It was my version of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library。 But now all of a sudden my job is very different， and my job is to be out here talking about it， talking about introversion。 （Laughter） And that's a lot harder for me，because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now， this is not my natural milieu。

　　所以我就出版了一本關(guān)于內(nèi)向性格的書(shū) 它花了我7年的時(shí)間完成它 而對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，這七年像是一種極大的喜悅 因?yàn)槲以陂喿x，我在寫(xiě)作 我在思考，我在探尋 這是我的版本 對(duì)于爺爺一天中幾個(gè)小時(shí)都要獨(dú)自待在圖書(shū)館這件事 但是現(xiàn)在突然間我的工作變得很不同了 我的工作變成了站在這里講述它 講述內(nèi)向的性格 （笑聲） 而且這對(duì)于我來(lái)說(shuō)是有一點(diǎn)困難的 因?yàn)槲液軜s幸 在現(xiàn)在被你們所有人所傾聽(tīng) 這可不是我自然的文化背景

　　So I prepared for moments like these as best I could。 I spent the last year practicing public speaking every chance I could get。 And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously。" （Laughter） And that actually helped a lot。 But I'll tell you， what helps even more is my sense， my belief， my hope that when it comes to our attitudes to introversion and to quiet and to solitude， we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change。 I mean， we are。 And so I am going to leave you now with three calls for action for those who share this vision。

　　所以我準(zhǔn)備了一會(huì)就像這樣 以我所能做到的最好的方式 我花了最近一年的時(shí)間練習(xí)在公共場(chǎng)合發(fā)言 在我能得到的每一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)中 我把這一年稱(chēng)作我的“危險(xiǎn)地發(fā)言的一年” （笑聲） 而且它的確幫了我很大的忙 但是我要告訴你們一個(gè)幫我更大的忙的事情 那就是我的感覺(jué)，我的信仰，我的希望 當(dāng)談及我們態(tài)度的時(shí)候 對(duì)于內(nèi)向性格的，對(duì)于安靜，對(duì)于獨(dú)處的態(tài)度時(shí) 我們確實(shí)是在急劇變化的邊緣上保持微妙的平衡 我的意思是，我們?cè)诒３制胶?現(xiàn)在我將要給你們留下一些東西 三件對(duì)于你們的行動(dòng)有幫助的事情 獻(xiàn)給那些觀(guān)看我的演講的人

　　Number one： Stop the madness for constant group work。 Just stop it。 （Laughter） Thank you。 （Applause） And I want to be clear about what I'm saying， because I deeply believe our offices should be encouraging casual， chatty cafe—style types of interactions —— you know， the kind where people come together and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas。That is great。 It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts。 But we need much more privacy and much more freedom and much more autonomy at work。 School， same thing。We need to be teaching kids to work together， for sure， but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own。 This is especially important for extroverted children too。They need to work on their own because that is where deep thought comes from in part。

　　第一： 停止對(duì)于經(jīng)常要團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作的執(zhí)迷與瘋狂 停止它就好了 （笑聲） 謝謝你們 （掌聲） 我想讓我所說(shuō)的事情變得清晰一些 因?yàn)槲覍?duì)于我們的辦公深信不疑 應(yīng)該鼓勵(lì)它們 那種休閑隨意的，聊天似的咖啡廳式的相互作用—— 你們知道的，道不同不相為謀，人們聚到一起 并且互相交換著寶貴的意見(jiàn) 這是很棒的 這對(duì)于內(nèi)向者很好，同樣對(duì)于外向者也好 但是我們需要更多的隱私和更多的自由 還有更多對(duì)于我們本身工作的自主權(quán) 對(duì)于學(xué)校，也是同樣的。 我們當(dāng)然需要教會(huì)孩子們要一起學(xué)習(xí)工作 但是我們同樣需要教會(huì)孩子們?cè)趺礃营?dú)立完成任務(wù) 這對(duì)于外向的孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)同樣是極為重要的 他們需要獨(dú)立完成工作 因?yàn)閺哪撤N程度上，這是他們深刻思考的來(lái)源

　　Okay， number two： Go to the wilderness。 Be like Buddha， have your own revelations。 I'm not saying that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods and never talk to each other again， but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug and get inside our own heads a little more often。

　　好了，第二個(gè)：去到野外（打開(kāi)思維） 就像佛祖一樣，擁有你們自己對(duì)于事物的揭示啟迪 我并不是說(shuō) 我們都要跑去小樹(shù)林里建造我們自己的小屋 并且之后就永遠(yuǎn)不和別人說(shuō)話(huà)了 但是我要說(shuō)我們都可以堅(jiān)持去去除一些障礙物 然后深入我們自己的大腦思想 時(shí)不時(shí)得再深入一點(diǎn)

　　Number three： Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase and why you put it there。 So extroverts， maybe your suitcases are also full of books。 Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment。 Whatever it is， I hope you take these things out every chance you get and grace us with your energy and your joy。 But introverts， you being you， you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully what's inside your own suitcase。 And that's okay。 But occasionally， just occasionally， I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see， because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry。

　　第三點(diǎn)： 好好看一眼你的旅行箱內(nèi)有什么東西 還有你為什么把它放進(jìn)去 所以外向者們 也許你們的箱子內(nèi)同樣堆滿(mǎn)了書(shū) 或者它們裝滿(mǎn)了香檳的玻璃酒杯 或者是跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)的設(shè)備 不管它是什么，我希望每當(dāng)你們有機(jī)會(huì)你們就把它拿出來(lái) 用你的能量和你的快樂(lè)讓我們感受到美和享受 但是內(nèi)向者們，你們作為內(nèi)向者 你們很可能有仔細(xì)保護(hù)一切的沖動(dòng) 在你箱子里的東西 這沒(méi)有問(wèn)題 但是偶爾地，只是說(shuō)偶爾地 我希望你們可以打開(kāi)你們的手提箱，讓別人看一看 因?yàn)檫@個(gè)世界需要你們，同樣需要你們身上所攜帶的你們特有的事物

　　So I wish you the best of all possible journeys and the courage to speak softly。

　　所以對(duì)于你們即將走上的所有旅程，我都給予你們我最美好的祝愿 還有溫柔地說(shuō)話(huà)的勇氣

　　Thank you。 Thank you。

　　非常感謝你們

　�。ㄕ坡暎�

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