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面試英文須知
你獲得面試了，恭喜！如何留下好印象對(duì)成功與否至關(guān)重要。就算英文還可以，由于緊張也可能發(fā)揮不好。更何況，有些情況不是英文本身的錯(cuò)誤，而是是否選擇了適當(dāng)?shù)脑~在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候說出來。
面試的英文需要運(yùn)用一系列比較專業(yè)的詞匯，并且善用幾種時(shí)態(tài)，如說明過去的工作要用過去時(shí)，以前取得的成績(jī)要用過去完成時(shí)等等。這里我們就講講什么時(shí)候該說什么。
當(dāng)你走進(jìn)雇主的辦公室，先介紹自己，握手，微笑很重要。此后第一句話往往是打開局面的，通常面試人員會(huì)問：
How are you today?
Did you have any trouble finding us?
What do you think of the weather lately?
他們的語調(diào)可能會(huì)很友好，因?yàn)樗麄円蚕Ｍ惴潘�，盡量發(fā)揮你自己的水平。這時(shí)候你要有簡(jiǎn)單爽快而有禮貌的回應(yīng)，如：
對(duì)方問：How are you today?
好的回答是：Im fine thank you, and you? 或 Im well thank you.
不好的回答是：So, so 或 OK 或Not so well
面試過程中最重要的部分是表述自己的學(xué)歷，工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和資歷。這些是和你應(yīng)聘工作直接相關(guān)的。
學(xué)歷方面：記住你的學(xué)歷是在以前完成的，要用過去時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
I attended the University of Beijing from 1990 to 1993.
I graduated with a degree in civic engineering.
如果你現(xiàn)在還是學(xué)生，那么應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，例如：
I am currently studying at the University of York and will graduate with a degree in Economics in the coming spring.
I am studying English at the Seneca Community College.
記得要告訴雇主，你仍然在不斷改善你的英語，比如你每周還上幾小時(shí)的英語課。因?yàn)橛⑽牟皇悄愕哪刚Z，他們對(duì)此可能會(huì)有顧慮。
工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和資歷無疑是面試中最重要的部分。所以雇主很想知道個(gè)中的許多細(xì)節(jié)。雇主想知道你到底做過什么，做得好不好。因此你不要謙虛，把最好的成績(jī)和方面表達(dá)出來。
當(dāng)談到你目前在做的工作時(shí)你可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示你不但一直在這樣做，而且將來也會(huì)持續(xù)下去：
ABC Engineering Inc. have employed me for the last 3 years as a salesperson. I have been creating customer contacts for 6 months.
但談到以前的工作時(shí)用過去時(shí)：
I was employed by Jacksons Ltd. from 1995 to 1997 as a office manager.
I worked as a production supervisor at the Heitz while I was living in New York.
當(dāng)談及以前的工作成績(jī)和表現(xiàn)，盡量用一些主動(dòng)的，積極的，令人印象深刻的動(dòng)詞，比用名詞或者系動(dòng)詞詞組效果好。比如與其說My job is to assist the senior scientist with unit testing不如說I assisted the senior scientist with unit testing.與其說I was responsible for the business needs analysis不如說I analyzed the business needs.
以下是一些非常好的動(dòng)詞來幫助你表達(dá)你干得多好：
acted accomplished adapted administered advanced
advised allocated analyzed applied approved
arbitrated arranged assisted attained blended brought
built carried out catalogued changed classified collaborated
compared completed computed conceived conducted
constructed consulted contracted controlled cooperated
coordinated corrected counseled created dealt
decided decreased defined delegated derived
designated detected developed devised
directed discovered distributed documented
doubled edited encouraged engineered
enlarged escalated established estimated
evaluated examined expanded experienced
explored facilitated finalized formulated
founded functioned governed grouped
guided handled harmonized harnessed
headed identified implemented improved
increased indexed initiated inspected
installed instituted interpreted introduced
invented investigated justified led
localized located made managed
maintained mechanized merged moderated
motivated negotiated opened operated
organized originated overcame perceived
performed pioneered planned prepared
presented presided processed programmed
promoted provided purchased raised
recommended recorded recruited rectified
redesigned repaired replaced restored
reversed reviewed revised saved
screened selected serviced set up
solved sorted sparked specified
started stimulated strengthened summarized
supervised supported systematized tested
trained transacted transcribed transformed
tripled upgraded validated varied
verified vitalized won wrote
而這些是一些很好的形容詞來形容你的工作能力和個(gè)性品德：
accurate
active
adaptable
adept
broad-minded
competent
conscientious
creative
dependable
determined
diplomatic
discreet
efficient
energetic
enterprising
enthusiastic
experienced
fair
firm
genuine
honest
innovative
logical
loyal
mature
methodical
motivated
objective
outgoing
personable
pleasant
positive
practical
productive
reliable
resourceful
self disciplined
sense of humor
sensitive
sincere
successful
tactful
trustworthy
上一期我們討論了面試英文的基本要求，這次我們來談?wù)劽嬖囍凶畛柕念}目以及如何對(duì)答為妥。
問: Tell me about yourself.
答: I was born and raised in Dalian, China. I attended the University of Beijing and received my masters degree in Economics. I have worked for 5 years as a financial consultant in Beijing for various companies including Rossi Consultants, Peoples Insurance of China and Pepsi. I enjoy playing soccer in my free time and traveling.
答: Ive just graduated from the University of Toronto with a degree in Computers Science. During the summers, I worked as a systems administrator for a small company to help pay for my education.
評(píng)語: 這個(gè)問題的目的是想大概地了解你，所以無需講太多細(xì)節(jié)的東西。你的回答通常會(huì)幫助面試官?zèng)Q定下個(gè)問題問什么。除了給對(duì)方一個(gè)整體的印象，最重要的是著重講和工作有關(guān)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)是大多數(shù)面試中最重要的環(huán)節(jié)，比學(xué)歷更重要。
問: What type of position are you looking for?
答: Im interested in an entry level (beginning) position.
答: Im looking for a position in which I can utilize my experience.
答: I would like any position for which I qualify.
評(píng)語:對(duì)于一個(gè)英語非母語的申請(qǐng)人，許多公司期望你能從低做起，慢慢彌補(bǔ)語言方面的不足。就算你以前很成功有多年經(jīng)驗(yàn)，也應(yīng)當(dāng)有這個(gè)心理準(zhǔn)備。
問: Are you interested in a full-time or part-time position?
答: I am more interested in a full-time position. However, I would also consider a part-time position.
評(píng)語: 盡量留最大的余地爭(zhēng)取機(jī)會(huì)。因?yàn)橹灰ぷ髂玫搅�，以后的事情就容易把握，主�?dòng)性大多了。
問: Can you tell me about your responsibilities at your last job?
答: I advised customers on financial matters. After I consulted the customer, I completed a customer inquiry form and catalogued the information in our database. I then collaborated with colleagues to prepare the best possible package for the client. The clients were then presented with a summarized report on their financial activities that I formulated on a quarterly basis.
評(píng)語: 提到過往工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)時(shí)，注意越詳細(xì)越好。新移民最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤之一是講過去經(jīng)歷時(shí)太過籠統(tǒng)。雇主是想知道你到底做什么以及你做得怎么樣，你講得越詳細(xì)，他們就越能知道你是否在行。你可以換著用一些不同的詞匯來形容，而且盡量不要每句話都用“I”開頭。記得用過去時(shí)態(tài)。
問: What is your greatest strength?
答: I work well under pressure. When there is a deadline (a time by which the work must be finished), I can focus on the task at hand (current project) and structure my work schedule well. I remember one week when I had to get 6 new customer reports out by Friday at 5. I finished all the reports ahead of time without having to work overtime.
答: I am an excellent communicator. People trust me and come to me for advice. One afternoon, my colleague was involved with a troublesome (difficult) customer who felt he was not being served well. I made the customer a cup of coffee and invited both my colleague and the client to my desk where we solved the problem together.
答: I am a trouble shooter. When there was a problem at my last job, the manager would always ask me to solve it. Last summer, the LAN server at work crashed. The manager was desperate and called me in (requested my help) to get the LAN back online. After taking a look at the daily backup, I detected the problem and the LAN was up and running (working) within the hour.
評(píng)語: 不用謙虛，充滿自信地把自己最好的方面都抖出來。記得要給一些具體的例子，舉例時(shí)變化用詞。
問: What is your greatest weakness?
答: I am overzealous (work too hard) and become nervous when my co-workers are not pulling their weight (doing their job). However, I am aware of this problem, and before I say anything to anyone, I ask myself why the colleague is having difficulties.
答: I tend to spend too much time making sure the customer is satisified. However, I began setting time-limits for myself If I noticed this happening.
評(píng)語: 這其實(shí)是一個(gè)很巧妙的問題，你要講得出一個(gè)其實(shí)是優(yōu)點(diǎn)的缺點(diǎn)。比如工作太認(rèn)真啦，對(duì)自己對(duì)人要求很高啦，工作很追求完美啦，等等。在講到缺點(diǎn)后要記得說你一直在致力于改善。
問:Why do you want to work for us?
答: After following your firms progress for the last 3 years, I am convinced that Smith and Sons are becoming one of the market leaders and I would like to be part of the team.
答: I am impressed by the qualitiy of your products. I am sure that I would be a convincing salesman because I truly believe that the Atomizer is the best product on the market today.
評(píng)語: 對(duì)這個(gè)問題你要事前做研究，通過看公司網(wǎng)站，其他有關(guān)信息等。越了解公司，對(duì)你越有利。
問: When can you begin?
答: Immediately.
答: As soon as you would like me to begin.
評(píng)語: 充分表示你想要工作！
以上只是一些最基本的面試問答。對(duì)于英語非母語的人來說，最重要和最難的是用英語講述大量細(xì)節(jié)，尤其是復(fù)雜的細(xì)節(jié)。然而，雇主是很有必要知道你能否把工作范疇內(nèi)的細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)清楚，這對(duì)你是否勝任至關(guān)重要。不要太過擔(dān)心語法問題。只要用詞夠多，內(nèi)容夠細(xì)，只要不影響理解，語法往往不是那么重要。
面試時(shí)招聘人員總會(huì)問你："Do you have any questions?"以前我們講過，面試的大忌中其中一忌就是用"nothing"來回答這個(gè)問題。問什么問題，對(duì)你的印象分有幫助，顯示你是一個(gè)用心的人。一般來說，圍繞著這些話題來問比較得體：
the competitive environment in which the organization operates 公司營(yíng)運(yùn)所處的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境
executive management styles 管理高層的風(fēng)格
what obstacles the organization anticipates in meeting its goals 公司在達(dá)到其目標(biāo)過程中預(yù)計(jì)會(huì)遇到什么障礙
how the organizations goals have changed over the past three to five years 公司的經(jīng)營(yíng)方向在過去三到五年內(nèi)有什么變化
第一次面試，或者在雙方未有確定的意向以前，除非是已經(jīng)到了簽OFFER的階段，最好不要問待遇如何。那樣顯得你更關(guān)心公司能為你做什么，而不是你為公司能做什么。
具體來說，你可以問以下問題：
1. What are the main objectives and responsibilities of the position?
2. How does the company expect these objectives to be met?
3. What obstacles are commonly encountered in reaching these objectives?
4. What is the desired time frame for reaching the objectives?
5. What resources are available from the company and what must be found elsewhere to reach the objectives?
上次我們講了在面試時(shí)可以問招聘人員的問題，主要是圍繞著對(duì)該公司，該行業(yè)的認(rèn)識(shí)和發(fā)展來提問。這次我們來看看哪些問題是可以探測(cè)面試官對(duì)這次面試的印象以及有沒有下一步安排。
1. Have you had a chance to review my resume?
別以為這是個(gè)多余的問題，事實(shí)上，不少的面試人員事前并沒有看過應(yīng)聘者的簡(jiǎn)歷，就匆匆忙忙開始了面談。他們一邊面試一邊看你的簡(jiǎn)歷。這個(gè)問題是個(gè)開場(chǎng)白，如果他們沒有看過你的簡(jiǎn)歷，通常也不會(huì)承認(rèn)，可能會(huì)說：" I havent had the chance to review it in details as I would like to."(其實(shí)就是一次也沒看過。)不要為此懊喪，沒看過的話，正好可以說，"well, maybe it is helpful for me to talk about the highlights of my qualifications." 就好象一個(gè)銷售人員在推銷產(chǎn)品之前，總是問“你對(duì)這個(gè)產(chǎn)品有什么認(rèn)識(shí)/了解嗎？”然后再開始自己的陳述。即使他們說已經(jīng)看過你的簡(jiǎn)歷，你一樣可以說："So let me talk about the highlights of my qualifitions."
2. Is there anything else I can tell you about my qualifications?
有可能的話，盡量用"qualifications"代替"experience"。前者代表了取得的成績(jī)，更加突出了你是有才之士，相比之下后者比較中性，被動(dòng)。問這個(gè)問題，有益無害，只要面試官說Yes，你就有更多的機(jī)會(huì)把最好的料子亮出來。越能讓對(duì)方說Yes，你在他們眼中就越有價(jià)值，留下的印象越深。這是在首次和第二次面試中值得問的問題(假設(shè)面試總共有三次的話)。
3. Ive read the job description, of course, but how would you describe the nature and duties of this job?
乍看這個(gè)問題顯得明知故問，其實(shí)不然。你對(duì)這份工作有你的理解，而招聘人員也許有他自己的看法，和登出來的招聘要求并不完全一樣。通過他們對(duì)這份工作的描述，至少你可以聽出來什么是最重要的，什么是招聘廣告里面沒提到的。那么借此發(fā)揮："I am glad to hear that maintaining customer relationship is a great part of this position. I am very customer-focused and always keep their needs in mind." 假設(shè)你在第二次面試中和另一個(gè)面試人員談，那么可以再次問這個(gè)問題："Ive spoken to Mr. Smith about the responsibilities involved in this job. Whats your take on the most important aspects of this position?"
4. What are the major chanllenges that you staff is facing right now?
這個(gè)問題有雙重目的。第一個(gè)目的就是看看自己對(duì)公司面臨的問題能否提出自己的意見和看法，來表面自己是一個(gè)善于解決問題的人。第二個(gè)目的就是如果這家公司真的存在著問題，你要考慮是否要加入。
5. What results would you like to see me produce?
問這個(gè)問題，顯示出你的心態(tài)是"do a job"，真正的干活，不是混口飯吃。不管對(duì)方說什么，你都可以接著說："This is what you expect, this is what I will do." 可以對(duì)新的面試官重復(fù)同樣的問題。
6. What do you consider ideal experience of this position?
這個(gè)問題的目的是衡量自己的資歷水平和對(duì)方所說的理解人選差多少，然后盡量把距離拉近。先把已經(jīng)符合的部分重申一次，然后再說不符合的部分，強(qiáng)調(diào)自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和學(xué)習(xí)能力，可以很快把差距消除。
7. How would you describe the atmosphere, the culture of this company?
這也是個(gè)有雙重目的的問題。首先就是了解公司的氣氛，文化，環(huán)境是怎樣的，是否合適自己發(fā)展；其次是可以表明自己很喜歡這種環(huán)境�？梢哉f："I really like that. I am energized by pressure situations."
8. Was the person who held this job before me promoted?
這個(gè)問題是要知道到底是不是有空缺，同時(shí)也可以了解拿到這個(gè)位子以后下一步可以晉升到什么水平。
9. May I talk to the person who held this job previously(or who is currently doing this job)?
根據(jù)上一個(gè)問題的結(jié)果，你大概已經(jīng)知道，招這個(gè)職位是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在在做的人升了官，辭了職，還是轉(zhuǎn)到其他的職位上去了。如果能夠面談當(dāng)然好，如果不能夠，看看對(duì)方用什么理由來拒絕你，
10. Based on what Ive told you, dont you think that I could give you all that you need in this position?
就象所有的銷售人員，在最后敲定之前，都會(huì)問：“根據(jù)我前面的介紹，你難道不認(rèn)為這是筆好交易嗎？”這個(gè)問題是為了引出一個(gè)積極的回應(yīng)，絕大多數(shù)的面試人員很難在這個(gè)問題下生硬地打發(fā)你，他們很可能說Yes。
面試中總有些問題是不好回答的，招聘人員往往根據(jù)你的回答來判斷你的個(gè)人品質(zhì)，工作風(fēng)格和可能存在的問題。
1. Why are you leaving your present job? 你為什么要辭掉現(xiàn)在的工作？
在自己覺得舒服的基礎(chǔ)上誠(chéng)實(shí)地回答，比如公司機(jī)構(gòu)重組，不再需要你這個(gè)職位�；蛘吣阌X得現(xiàn)在工作不適合你自己的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)職業(yè)需要等等。
2. Describe what you feel to be an ideal working environment. 形容一下你認(rèn)為最理想的工作環(huán)境。
這是看你對(duì)工作環(huán)境的要求。你可以說“最理想的工作環(huán)境是人人都得到公平的對(duì)待�！盩o me the ideal working environment is one in which people are treated as fairly as possible. 也可以說challenging and fun workplace.
3. How would you evaluate your present firm? 你如何看待你現(xiàn)在工作的企業(yè)？
如果不是因?yàn)橛惺裁催^失或矛盾而要離開現(xiàn)在的公司，那么最好說說現(xiàn)在公司好的一面。Its an excellent company that is regarded as one of the industry leaders.
4. In your current or last position, what features did you like the most? Least? Why? 在你現(xiàn)在或者上一份工作中，你最喜歡和最不喜歡的是什么？為什么？
對(duì)最喜歡的部分照實(shí)說，對(duì)最不喜歡的事情，由于始終是你職責(zé)的一部分，你最好用積極的方式來說明。In my last job I had to report what I do to my manager on a daily basis. I think that I am very organized and self-supervised so daily report is not the best way of using the time of both.
5. Why havent you found a new position before now? 為什么在這之前你沒找到一份新工作呢？
找工作不難，找份合適的就難多了。這里強(qiáng)調(diào)你是有選擇地求職，旨在找到對(duì)口的位置。
6. What do you think of your boss? 你對(duì)你現(xiàn)在的上司怎么看？
盡量講好的方面。一般招聘人員都不喜歡聽你講以前老板的壞話，盡管真假難以查考。
7. How do you resolve conflict on a project team? 在一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)中你如何解決矛盾？
溝通是最重要的，要理解各方的真正要求。開始會(huì)私下進(jìn)行了解。Communication is very important to resolve conflict. First I would discuss the issues privately with the team members involved then I will help to find out a way to settle based on the business needs.
8. Do you generally speak to people before they speak to you? 一般來說，在人們和你說話之前你會(huì)先和他們說話嗎？
看情況了。It depends on the circumstances.
9. How would you describe your own personality? 你如何形容你的個(gè)性？
根據(jù)你所應(yīng)聘的公司和職位的要求來調(diào)整你的回答。有的職位要求人聽話，肯干，有的要求人有創(chuàng)造性，主動(dòng)性。在回答以前你心中對(duì)這家公司和工作應(yīng)當(dāng)有一定的感覺或認(rèn)識(shí)。
10. Are you a leader? 你是一個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者嗎？
當(dāng)然是了。信不信由你，leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能在西方社會(huì)里是極受重視的，就算你是個(gè)生產(chǎn)線的裝配工，有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能也會(huì)比沒有好。所以，多多少少你也要說你有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能。舉幾個(gè)例子。
11. What career options do you have at the moment? 你目前的職業(yè)有些什么選擇？
講到職業(yè)選擇，應(yīng)該設(shè)法和所應(yīng)聘的行業(yè)和職位相連。"I see three areas of interest..."
12. How would you describe the essence of success? According to your definition of success, how successful have you been so far? 你如何定義成功？根據(jù)你的定義，你認(rèn)為到現(xiàn)在為止你有多成功？
仔細(xì)想想，回答時(shí)重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)你以往取得的成績(jī)。
13. You may be overqualified for the position we have to offer. 對(duì)我們目前招聘的職位你可能資歷過高。
這里指出由于你資歷高，公司對(duì)你的投資更小，回報(bào)更快。而且你會(huì)找到把工作做得更好的方法。并強(qiáng)調(diào)你看重長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展。Strong companies need strong people. A growing, energetic company is rarely unable to use its employees talents.
14. What do you look for when you hire people? 當(dāng)你雇人的時(shí)候你會(huì)看重什么？
閱讀本文的人還同時(shí)閱讀了：大學(xué)生英語面試“3字訣” 面試英語自我介紹的常用基本的句子
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