и~R
и~R1
иx߷~R
һ?yn)иxһN}Ŀ~R}~R}@ӵһN}J(rn)R@(g)~Ϳ϶ܺܿ㲻J(rn)R@(g)~ǽ(jng)^ӌƔM(fi)˺ܶr(sh)g߀õe(cu)`ĽY(ji)fQ~R}J(rn)R@(g)~ô~R}иxожҪ?ռ25%ϵıġOGfÿƪx}3-6(g)~}(ÿƪиxֻ13(g)}ѽ)Ҋ~R}Ҫ--ֻҪ~R}QpиxеһK?jn)?sh)߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕr(sh)gиx~R}п~Rʲôy?6~RҲyһЩԞ˱U(xin)Ҋ~ˮƽҪ_(d)6ϣ@ӾͿxІ~}ķ?jn)?sh)ÝM
ڶxٶȵĆ}ЇиxһϵKڕr(sh)gxµٶ̫ˡfJ(rn)R~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿ!
и~RҪI(y)ƫ
һиx~RƫڌI(y)|(zh)ԭ@ӣиԇǞ˿ӢZˮƽܷCڴW(xu)W(xu)(x)I(y)֪R˿ă(ni)ƫ،W(xu)g(sh)ķxҲĴW(xu)nĺ׃(ni)xȡڱ~ĕr(sh)?q)ڌW(xu)g(sh)~Roһ̶ȵҕǺ
ڶиxČI(y)~Ryޡ@c(din)ҲǺȻ?yn)иһTӢZˮƽԇֲnjI(y)ԇy^ČI(y)~Rxд_(sh)F(xin)ǿ.(ni)˼Ժز³
e(g)ӣIt should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals@OGx}еһ(g)ԭ@Ԓеcetaceanһ(g)^I(y)o豳Ć~ֻҪJ(rn)Rwhalesdolphinsmammals֪cetaceanˮ()(dng)Dz(dng)@ஔ(dng)֪cetacean˼ˡҪӛmammalwhaledolphin@N^õČI(y)~Rcetacean@NƧͣѾڱ@NDĆ~Ǻֵܲõ
и~R2
~ֻӛι˲dzɹӛס~?
һr(sh) C(j)
ӛи~Ҫvr(sh)C(j)Ҫxƽo죬Xos@Nѕr(sh)C(j)ӛR˯ǰ(ji)յȡr(sh)gҪӛҲҪoԭt
ӛıCenjЩxֿڼLĆ~Ҫųηyw
~ӛܶT磺wӛDӛYxӛӛ^ӛѭh(hun)ӛӛҎ(gu)ӛEӛӛVӛȤζӛƬӛsӛȵһҪҵmԼһɷNӛҊ˼w
Ŀ
ĿĵӛסĆ~h(yun)ȟowĿӛסĆ~zʵc̽ӑij(g)}r(sh)Ўׂ(g)P(gun)I~һӛס
^
ӛ~r(sh)ҪρäĿƴӛÎ犕r(sh)gм(x)^ԓ~ĽY(ji)(gu)ҳc(din)@ϿƺM(fi)r(sh)g(sh)Hόӛ~Ў
(f)
(f)ӛ֮ĸκM(jn)ƌW(xu).~ӛԶη(f)ӛA(ch)
ߡ
@ȻX(x)Jr(sh)tgr(sh)ӛ~ЧҪú̼ܶķܶ࣬ʹd(dng)¶Чش̼X
̌W(xu)ֱ^̌W(xu)٬F(xin)(dng)w˷ȫ~ӛ
š(lin)
(lin)چ~ӛ@ǺoɆ
ʮr(sh) g
XǺƣڵи~Rӛĕr(sh)gW(xu)ÿһ(g)Сr(sh)ԃ(ni)ЌW(xu)gСһ㲻Ҫ^40
и~R3
ôиx~R}иxожҪռ25%ϵıOGfÿƪx}36(g)~}ÿƪиxֻ13(g)}ѽҊ~R}ҪԡֻҪ~R}QˣpиxеһK?jn)?sh)߀}(ji)ʡˌFĕr(sh)g
иx~R}п~Rʲôy6~RҲyһЩԞ˱U(xin)Ҋ~ˮƽҪ_(d)6@ӾͿxІ~}'?jn)?sh)ÝM
Їиx俼һϵKڕr(sh)gxµٶ̫ˡfJ(rn)R~ܿxf~̫СxٶȱȻۿиx~R}ՌxٶҲǷdzģ
и~R4
һҕxиԇ˼ԇһʽӢZŽ(jng)^ƽr(sh)ӰѬգҲһЩx^ҊϵϵK纆εwheel@(g)~İl(f)һwh҂l(f)[w]Ӣаl(f)[hw]rԺεwhatwhywhite~xl(f)׃ҪJ(rn)Rnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]P(gun)IҪW(xu)(sh)`҂ڿ~ĕr(sh)뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}r(sh)Ա(x)T Nl(f)(x)TǿҎ(gu)tȥס
˿~x(dng)ȻҪҕ@HP(gun)ϵ~߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_(d)͕h~r(sh)(yng)ԓM ʽϤ~Rγ XHHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~r(sh)ͲҪȥ(yng)~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵ@ڃ(ni)ݷиԇfǷdzҪ
һ~Rdz࣬ʽҲ^ܶϵȫ棬I˺ܶs]κһ@oһNM(fi)ĸе~R߀Ǹ(j)W(xu)Zx~R(ni)ݿoģֻҪXmԼľظL(fng)ܰһJ(rn)桰(yng)ԇbbˡI˺ܶs]J(rn)挦κһ߀粻I
ҕƴmȻ ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕr(sh)gM(fi)˼~ߌŰl(f)F(xin)Լֻܶˆ~IJ֣벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr(sh)߀ҪY(ji)x(j)(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵ'l(f)(x)T(dng)ԇr(sh)~ͿԸ(j)xӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿF(xin)ĕr(sh)ҵ(yng)Ϣ
ҕ(x)Zи ԇн(jng)F(xin)һЩҊ(x)ZٵZӰ푴ҵ˿ƽr(sh)˱ĸlW(xu)~R߀(x)Zķeۡ@Щ~Ӱ푿
塢Č(sh)`зeۆμ~RȫQ~}?yn)~ڲͬZкx׃xҲЏ(qing)кз} 迴ҕӰr(sh) Л](jng)W(xu)^^Ć~м(x)J(rn)һԼČ(sh)(zhn)(jng)(yn)еĆ~Ҫe^(f)sČI(y)~Rһ@Щ~F(xin)r(sh)жxͬx~x~гF(xin)ʽVҺxЕr(sh)ҲӰw}r(sh)P(gun)עһǷ@Nra(chn)e۽Q~xĽ(jng)(yn)
и~R5
и~Rdzɹ俼иԇA(ch)]ˆ~@(g)A(ch) ZxoM(jn)УӢZČW(xu)(x)и~Rǽ^ɺԵҪ֮(w)
(zhn)俼ии~RҪ7000-8000Ҫϵ~R˸XxµyȺyȲ࣬Ҫdz}ʽͬ⌦xٶҲһҪиF(xin)Ҫ Z͌жкܶ (ni)ݡ
yһҪƪlecture 漰(g)I(y)~R^yһЩc(din)(zhn) ^ӛPӛҲǺҪ`fZԼȥQ^낀(g)W(xu)ԞZ(yng)ԓɆ}ĕr(sh)߀ǺܳҪԭǿZҪں̵ܶĕr(sh)gCϿĺ IJσ(ni)M^ЗlĻش@(g)ܿ(yn)ZԽM͑(yng)hҪc(din)_ʼ(x)
һƪСҲҪxҪ ģڶƪǏ}һһӳc(din)(zhn)OKfиĿԇL(fng)҂߀пӢZܴһҪȥܛ}һ²֪ԼҪЩlongmankaplan߀barrone(cu)
иԇ~ôk
ҪW(xu)Еr(sh)ҵӢώS҂xr(sh)(dng)Ȼ@ĵƽr(sh)}r(sh)ҪҊJ(rn)RĆ~ͷֵԼĆ~~J(rn)Rõ呟C(j)еP(gun)Iǻڵ~?yn)ֻҪľZ~ДǰHҲ͉и¶ǽY(ji)(gu)(yn)֔(jn)ͻÿһԒ@oՓľ߀Z϶y(tng)һ@ʹ҂ײ
ڶʾZ~һf^Ҫľˏ(qing){(dio)һЩ¶DZ~somewhat,quite,pretty,etc.ҪW(xu)@Щ~wĦߵDĶõİס@Ĵ}r(sh)dzЎfxһڃ(ni)¡σc(din)ȡ֮̎?yn)Zȵȱ^Ė|ֻھһ쾚̶ȵr²ſ\(yn)ҽhr(sh)g棬xһЩķĶ(qing)Լ@µĸX_ʼ}ԺץסһЙC(j)ȥ呟ԼyXڿБ(yng)׃֮yһҊ~ץϹӰԺİl(f)]
и~R6
һһҪÿζر
?yn)ԼȄeԱ~e֮һԼQȄeȻeÿ챳ʮ(g)~ԼsԱһق(g)֮һ߀ʣʮ(g)DŽeB(ti)µʮÿһق(g)ޡ䌍(sh)l(f)F(xin)@(g)Ҫһ(g)ºȻȻؾͱٻ ~䌣I(y)~ӛ(dng)~~ڸиI(y)ͨãtҪӛӛӛסP(gun)~M
ڶ͆~Ҋ
һ(g)~ܲӛסȡQںڲͬҊlÿοĕr(sh)gLһӛסһ(g)~ÿҪڲͬҊĴ?yn)ǷһҊ鶼ǟo^P(gun)Iиͬ͵ҊC(j)^(j)ҪĆ~ĵȼͬҊC(j)ķʽҲͬǧǧ@(g)ȼ磺ӢZؿ~3500ǷdzõĆ~?gu)˱_(d)˼Ҫһ~Rÿƪаٷ֮ʮ@Щ~R@Щ~Z(Q~)ǷָСoٷָ֮gҲ]ʲô֮̎Ė|@Щ~÷M(jn)дģgĿ (x)@܉?q)õĻA(ch)~Rεӛס
!
ǧһf@(g)ȼʣµİٷ֮ʮ^@(g)ȼ~Ҫ ӿă(ni)ͬҪ־xͷxɷN һӣҲǷxҪһЩxҪ̫LĿҿ~Ҫ̫һƪЃ(g)J(rn)RľǧfҪһρͿӢZ(bo)s־Сf~^Щ|yҿҲ~]ʲôM(jn)xҲҪ(x)ֻҪr(sh)gһֱȥ@һɞһ(g)~Rţ
ģ}Ŀб~
ܶǞ˱~~䌍(sh)õ`}Ŀ~Rӛƥtpoܛx~߅}߅ӛ~R@ЩǸl~Retsl~RԺԇҲ(jng)Ҋ@N(sh)Ҳ
~ӢZW(xu)(x)ֻ֮Г˴ӢZ~R쾚ӢZ fxȻ~^ǺܿζֻиDŬܵõ˵ijɿ
и~R7
apprehension n. (dn);
apprehensive adj. ֵ֑ģn](dn)ĵ
approach n. ; vt. ӽ;̽ӑ
appropriate adj. m(dng)?sh)ǡ?dng)?sh)?vt. ܿ
approve vt. (zhn);vi. ٝͬ
approval n. ٝʽ(zhn)
approximate v. ӽ;adj. sӋ(j)
apt adj. ((x))ڵģЃAڵ;ǡ(dng)?sh)ģNе
aptitude n. ;ȻA
aquatic adj. ˮ`ˮģˮлˮϵ
aquarium n. ˮ^
arable adj. mڸɸ
arbitrary adj. MƵ
arbitrator n. ٲ
arbitration n. {(dio)ͣٲ
arboreal adj. 䗫;;ľ
archaic adj. Ŵϵfģ^r(sh)
archetype adj. ԭ
и~R8
ƄиP(gun)Iźܶ˶@ӵɻǼɞ߀nj(sh)?䌍(sh)иҪ100(dng)ȻҪҪ뿼100߀ҪһɵҲҪäĿɣ(sh)Ļȡø߷ֵĻ~R.U(ku)ȞҪģoՓ xZ߀njx_~R
Ҷf~ⲻ֪ⱳDzܿXӛ͕ʧMZfٰʽچ~ӛҲһӵֻв؏(f)҂~R⣬r(sh)gxҲǺv˯ǰһСr(sh)DZ~Sr(sh)g(j)ƌW(xu)оf˵ӛ˯Ԅ(dng)(yu)̎ľǾx˯Ƕӛ@(g)r(sh)gӛeЧڵڶ峿ُ(f)(x)һΡ
چ~xhͬW(xu)ʹÁyģ@ӱ^a(chn)ƣMʹ~Ķ^ĸl~RՓZƣعʶ֪@(g)ӛ҂ӛҲ֮صľLj(jin)־¾ǁŲ׃ֻҪܰӋ(j)(jin)(sh)ʩÿŬ^һի@
и~R9
l(f)Ҫ
ҪJ(rn)Rnjxfӛסl(f)Ҏ(gu)t]P(gun)IҪW(xu)(sh)`҂ڿ~ĕr(sh)뵽mõʲôҎ(gu)t@}r(sh)Ա(x)T Nl(f)(x)TǿҎ(gu)tȥס
˿и ~Rx(dng)ȻҪҕ@HP(gun)ϵ~߀Ӱ푵ԼĿ^_(d)͕~r(sh)(yng)ԓM ʽϤ~Rγ X`HHҕXϵ@ӵԒ ~r(sh)ͲҪȥ(yng)~ΠĶُķgĽǶȥֱӵ@ڃ(ni)ݷиԇfǷdzҪ
ƴҪ
mȻи ԇ~]ҪҲ˺ҕƴһ挑Ҫƴһ ԇҪPӛ~Ϥ͟oٌЧϢѕr(sh)gM(fi)˼~ϣߌŰl(f)F(xin)Լֻܶˆ~IJ벻ʲô@ӵĹPӛͰ
ӛ~ƴĕr(sh)߀ҪY(ji)x(j)(ji)ӛ~ц~ֳһСһС֡@ӲHʹӛι߀˽ĸͬMϵİl(f)(x)T(dng)ԇr(sh)~ͿԸ(j)xӛˆ~ĻΠ}ĿF(xin)ĕr(sh)ҵ(yng)Ϣˡ
и~R10
и~R˼~Rи~RÁGMAT~R^Ҳи~Rȥ˼͛]І}
Σ˼~Rи~RҲкܶĽߵĽžӢZ~Rиƫƣ˼ƫ((jng)ɽֲʯʲô)(ʲôvʷ¼ʲôW(xu)Ʒ)߀ЌW(xu)g(sh)((jng)У@'D^̄(w)̎(sh)(yn)ʲô)
Ҫ˼ԒòҪи~R(zhn)и˼~R^(q)eķ棬һDzҪôܶ~Rò˼ĺܶ~RиҲw˼и~R]ôyͨМ(zhn)һ(g)¾Ͳ
ϾС˼~Rи~Rʲô^(q)e@(g)}P(gun)Ľϣ@Щ܉߀ڼmY(ji)ǿ˼߀иͬW(xu)wԣ˼ҪиЩǶ߶ҪͶr(sh)gȥ(f)(x)ףԸ㿼ԇ܉ͨ^
и~R11
abandonn. ;vt. z;ŗ
accumulatevt. evi. ۷e;e
adverseadj. ;෴;(~adverseness~adversely)
amazingadj. @ v. ʹ@(amazeingʽ)
approvevi. (zhn);ٝ;Mvt. (zhn);ٝ;顭ṩC(j)
assemblevt. ۼ;b;ռvi. ۼ
avidadj. ؝;ĵ
bartern.Q(mo);サQ; vt. ԡ齻Q; vi. M(jn)؛Q(mo);ӑr(ji)߀r(ji)
biographyn. ӛ;n;(g)˺
bouldern. ʯAʯ;[
bulbn. 늟;[o;vi. o;Û
canv. _aux. ,n. ^,_
casualtyn. ¹;ˆT;\
chancen. C(j);\(yn)e;vt. żȻl(f);ðU(xin)vi. ;żȻl(f)F(xin)
civilianadj. õ;յģƽ.n. ƽ
conceivevt. ;(gu)˼;Ԟ;vi. ;O(sh);]
consecutiveadj. B؞;Bm(x)
conventionn. ;T;s;f(xi);(x)
crabn. зƢ;ؙC(j)vt. Թ;Ɖ;ʹƫvi. з;l(f)};Թ
curriculumn.n
defendv.l(wi)(ҵ);أo(h)ʹ
detectv.l(f)Xl(f)F(xin)z
disciplinen. W(xu);o(j);Ӗ(xn);Pvt. Ӗ(xn)Ӗ(xn)(do);ͽ
divertvt. D(zhun);ʹg;ʹD(zhun)vi. D(zhun)
dynamicadj. (dng)B(ti);(dng);(dng)W(xu);лn. (dng)B(ti);(dng)
emanatevt. l(f)ɢvi. l(f);ɢl(f);l(f)Դ
и~R12
1. ˣW(xu)g(sh)͵иxF(xin)ľǸNƌW(xu)ңisterY(ji)βӶ
磺anthropologistarchaeologistpaleontologistzoologistgeographerastronomer
(W(xu)ŌW(xu)ңW(xu)(dng)W(xu)ңW(xu)ČW(xu))
@~RҟoӛסƴֻҪxгF(xin)ԱJ(rn)挦δ֪Č~r(sh)ҪДǂ(g)W(xu)źM(jn)һ
2. |(zh)ò@иxW(xu)g(sh)бغܴhҌ~RM(jn)зe
磺volcanolayerconglomeratekarstporouspermeablemeteoroliteasteroid
ɽ()[r˹صò(ʯ?gu)rһN)(cˮ)ɝBEʯС
3. (dng)cB(ti)c͵P(gun)Ԓ}иxh(yun)Č
磺unpredictablevaryrange fromextinctionendangeredtropicaljungleequatorial
A(y)y׃((dng)~)׃((dng)~)^lΣᎧ
4. vʷ@}Ƿˮ݆D(zhun)ČҲҪעǚvʷµĿdžμvǏĸ(g)кܶ.F(xin)ʽǹwǾvʷQ(mo)ͽͨ\(yn)ݔ?sh)İl(f)չǾǽ(jng)(j)ʷȵ
relicsremainsmausoleumhandicraftcohesivenessterritorialcivilization
zEzEĹֹˇƷI(lng)ģ
5. P(gun)I~@~ܲ@ۣǕ(g)ӵĺxҪעČһЩзǰY~ǿ϶xһЩȫ]з~Yĸ~sĚ!
磺rarelymerelyundeniable
и~R13
һ.~
иZԇе~ڿԇʮҪ~ھпÁZeZZȵҾӵҪxͨ^~wF(xin)ġܶr(sh)ٲ˽ı_(d)ԭǣ~ķeǡ(dng)?sh)ʹ?yng)~R_(d)Լ挍(sh)˼Խhڂ俼ĕr(sh)eһЩиZԇгõһЩ~Raccountadditionadvertisementȵ]xиZ~һق(g)
.(dng)~
(dng)~(sh)x(dng)~ϵ(dng)~(dng)~B(ti)(dng)~ȿÁʾZĠB(ti)ҲÁʾZ^m(x)ֵһNrߑB(ti)Щ(dng)~߀Á_(d)ĸ(zhn)_ʹÄ(dng)~_(d)(qing)(dng)Ե.Ŀܶ(dng)~mȻ_(d)˼dz̶ȅsȫͬԿڿԇһҪǡ(dng)?sh)ʹ?yng)~Rc(din)иZԇгõĄ(dng)~鿴(dng)~
.~
~ҪÁ茑~ߴ~ʾ˻|(zh)B(ti)?q)~ZZa(b)ZߠZͨҪ~֮ǰҶ(sh)~б^ȼʹݵĕr(sh)Ҫ쾚~ı^׃Ҏ(gu)tеݵı^@(g)~֮er@(g)~֮estҪע@һc(din)c(din)˳õиZ~鿴~
.~
ӢZеĴ~Է֞˷Q~Iheȵ~~ָʾ~Ɇ~whowhomȵZeZZZȣҲÁ(do)ZľeZľͱZľǿиZԇн(jng)ʹô~`^(q)ܶڿԇĕr(sh)ҕ~lD(zhun)QǴ~ڡԄeϲcָһڡ(sh)δcָһ£ǡˆ}ȵȶ(do)³F(xin)e(cu)`ԿһҪע~ʹá
иZԇҪʹô~Rƽr(sh)һҪעeۣ(yng)}M(jn)о(x)(yng)!
и~R14
ڳиĂ俼AΣźܶͬW(xu)оھW(wng)ռһЩ俼YϺиԇļɡͬr(sh)@(g)^У҂ҲǶܶĂ俼ɺͿԇC(j)(jng)(dng)Ȼиԇ(f)(x)^@Щ(ni)DZزٵģ҂߀ҪѴңҪ(sh)Լи俼A(ch)~RҪһ(g)h(hun)(ji)и~Rĭh(hun)(ji)҂߀עܶ༚(x)(ji)Ҫc(din)҂́һP(gun)עһ~RиԇжҪ
иԇ~RںܶиԇČW(xu)fҿDZ^ϲgһЩ߷ֿĂ俼(jng)(yn)J(rn)@ӿǕoԼٵ.俼(jng)(yn)@ֵѴҵľoՓӵļ~RA(ch)Ҫĭh(hun)(ji)oՓӵĸ߷ӺõĻA(ch)~RDZزٵă(ni)J(rn)鼼ɾǸ㶨иԇôСվԸVиĿԇY(ji)o㎧KʹĽӖ(xn)
ͬr(sh)ڜ(zhn)и~R^Լ~RA(ch)λҲǷdzҪһ(g)^ڂ俼и^ھW(wng)ϵһЩ俼ɺ͂俼(jng)(yn)ǽhҿԶTPOľ(x)}(dng)Ȼ@ӵĽhě]e(cu)ǣ҂߀Ǒ(yng)ԓԼĻA(ch)λڂ俼r(sh)W(xu)ӢZļ~R߀RRôRTPO}ĿǷdzyҲf]~RĻA(ch)}Ŀfo
SF(xin)иgԽԽСܶгЌW(xu)_ʼиԇҲfڵI(lng)ĿfҪRиԇf~RҪȥ挦һ(g)ЌW(xu)fڂ俼иĕr(sh)Ҫ挦и~RǸӢZ~+W(xu)ļ~+и~һ(g)ЌW(xu)fҪ挦~R~RǷdzģҲҪĕr(sh)g(zhn)
и~R15
sea
high seas, open sea h(yun)
ocean
inlet С
bay ,
gulf
cove
cape
promontory, headland ,
cliff ͱ
port, harbour (:harbor)
bay, roadstead ֲ̎
sandbank ɳ
beach, shore
strait {
isthmus ؍{
reef ʯ
key
sandbar ɳ
tide
wave
undertow ^
tempest L(fng)
ground swell ӿ
seaquake ,[
low water ˮλ
и~RP(gun)£
и~R07-14
A_^и~R10-29
иرl~R200(g)06-28
2022иxP(gun)ĸl~R11-25
иibtиʲô^(q)e08-13
иxԇʽ ô俼иxԇ10-20
иZ(f)h08-05
иW(xu)(x)Ӌ(j)11-03
ʲôиԇ 俼иԇ09-23
иӢZ 08-04