иԇ醾uֵʲô
TOEFL(The Test of English as a Foreign LanguageQTOEFL)y(ETS)ekӢZԇȫ“zӢZĸZߵӢZԇ”g“и”YJBYSСҾѼиԇ醾uֵʲôgӭ҅b
ETSԇ^УdzPעFairness@һҪƽԭtзdzҪһwF(xin)Ǵ_ȫ}Yɽy(tng)һ醾ˁMġETSиĸiBT֮ǼþWjMнy(tng)һ醾uֵM
иԇ醾uˆTETSĹٷˆTô?
ETSTԇĿHHиԇĿЇÿг^20fˈ@ҲζHǏ醾u@ҪͶǏETSk^(q)҂뵽DzȥôٷˆT醾
ETSuֆTǃHETSٷˆTˆTͨ^ضMļֻҪˆTՈɞuֆTҪETSkڼ醾Ǟ˴_uֵĿƌWԺ͜ʴ_еuˆT횅cuӖKͨ^JCyԇՈͨ^Y|˺M뵽Ӗh(hun)(ji)ɞһTrain rater
Ӗ쾚еu֘˜͕֮M뾀u֭h(hun)(ji)Ӗ߱ôģMЌʽuֱԼĴֺĿ˴ȫһ·ͨ^yԇɞһCertify rater^УETSĹٷuֆT䮔?sh)ľһк͌ĽɫҲ@ӵģʽŴ_ˌI(y)ˆTĸЧͬrҲ_uֵĿƌWԺ͜ʴ_
ETSȻʹXuô?XuǷӋ挍ɿ?
䌍Xu@ѽ\ڌԇ@ʲôdaԏ20101_ʼiBTČuϵy(tng)M{ԭ2uֆTuȡgƽraw scoreԭʼ֣Ğ1uֆT1Xuϵy(tng)(e-Rater)uȡgƽԭʼֵķʽM֮Ҳкܶ}CҲW@NuַʽKuЧKŗ@ҲǺܶ˲yETSF(xin)ĿԇǷ߀^m(x)ʹXuֵԭڡ
fETSӖÿһλETSĹٷˆTἰHuman Scoring & Automated ScoringĸشҲܲ뵽YETSXuֵIJǘ˲ƣģҌuֵĽYǘOε
䌍ETS֮ǰXu@ҲĴ]@ӳиɿܣ^ڙCеصóYǮ ꌣҵvETSXuֵxһ҂֮ǰXuֵJRȫXÃHHһЩмmeܵܛMuxϵe-Raterһڏ(sh)(j)ϵy(tng)ֵ֧һ\ϵy(tng)܉ݔݺ͔(sh)(j)ăMбʽ@Ӿ͘O醾uֵ`Ⱥ͏Vȡ
ETSȫĜyԇՙC쪚ă(yu)ݣǾÿ궼܉e۴(sh)(j)܉Mиµ@ʹXuϵy(tng)ܻȶyԇCXuϵy(tng)s̓]д(sh)(j)Ⱥ֧Ȼoõһ'uЧ
һXuصă(yu)ǾǾ߂Ŀ^ԡ醾ƣvh܉Pעÿһu֘˜]еÿһ(ji)ÿһ;]wҲͲ^ӳͬһƪhֻoһ׃ķ֔(sh);܌ÿһƪoķ֔(sh)ܽowĽጣ@˞u֟o
뵽挍ɿֻ^ַǙCе،uֆTuֺXuMƽӋ҂䌍Ըذɞֹf(xi)(lin)з
E-Raterؓ؟LinguisticIJPעµ߉Z÷ܘ~RҪأ˹ؓ؟ݺͺxuĿϸзֹ醾˺XǪз֣˴˿ķ֔(sh)ߵķֲڄӑB(ti)^(q)gֵr֔(sh)ЧзֽY;ߵķֲڄӑB(ti)^(q)gֵr˹uֺXu־oЧµзֽMMuȻз֟oЧָoETSٷ醾ֱз@NrٳF(xin)
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