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英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析

時(shí)間:2024-08-13 19:06:26 煒亮 英語句子 我要投稿
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英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析

  在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活或工作學(xué)習(xí)中,大家都經(jīng)常接觸到句子吧,句子可分為單句和復(fù)句,單句又可分為主謂句和非主謂句。那些被廣泛運(yùn)用的句子都是什么樣子的呢?以下是小編為大家收集的英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析,歡迎閱讀與收藏。

英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析

  英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析

  定義 :構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;

  主要成分:主語和謂語

  次要成分:表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語

 、逯髡Z(subject)

  句子說明的人或事物

  Jane is good at playing the piano.(名詞)

  She went out in a hurry.(代詞)

  Four plus four is eight.(數(shù)詞)

  To see is to believe.(不定式)

  Smoking is bad for health.(動(dòng)名詞)

  The young should respect the old.(名詞化的形容詞)

  What he has said is true. (句子)

 、嬷^語

  說明主語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征

  簡單謂語:由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成

  I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

  He looked after two orphans.

  復(fù)合謂語:由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;

  He can speak English well.

  She doesn’t seem to like dancing.

  (三)賓語

  動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者——及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語

  Show your passport, please. (名詞)

  She didnt say anything. (代詞)

  How many do you want? I want two. (數(shù)詞)

  They sent the injured to hospital. (名詞化的形容詞)

  They asked to see my passport. (不定式)

  I enjoy working with you. (動(dòng)名詞)

  Did you write down what he said? (句子)

  賓語分為直接賓語和間接賓語.直接賓語指物或事,間接賓語指人或動(dòng)物.

  (四)連系動(dòng)詞,其后面的成分叫作表語。

  The war was over.

  They seem to know the truth.

  Time is precious.

  I’m not quite myself today.

  That remains a puzzle.

  I don’t feel at ease.

  常見的系動(dòng)詞有be 動(dòng)詞,還有g(shù)et ,become, turn, grow 等表 “變得”的詞, 和感觀動(dòng)詞sound, look, smel,taste,feel等。

  (五)定語

  修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句

  He is a clever boy.(形容詞)

  His father works in a steel work.(名詞)

  There are 54 students in our class.(數(shù)詞)

  Do you known betty’s sister?(名詞所有格)

  He bought some sleeping pills.(動(dòng)名詞)

  There is a sleeping baby in bed.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

  His spoken language is good.(過去分詞)

  定語后置:

  如果定語是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí),通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí),通常則后置

  The girl in red is his sister.

  We have a lot of work to do.

  The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.

  Do you know the man who spoke just now?

  (六)狀語

  狀語的功用:狀語說明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。

  I will be back in a while.

  They are playing on the playground.

  He was late because he got up late.

  He got up so late that I missed the train.

  I waited to see you.

  He often went to school by bus.

  His parents died, leaving him an orphan.

  Please call me if it is necessary.

  This book is very interesting.

  He went to school in spite of his illness.

  (七)賓語補(bǔ)足語

  有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外,還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語,說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)以補(bǔ)充其意義不足,使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有 :

  make, consider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let.

  I found the book interesting.

  Do you smell something burning?

  He made himself known to them.

  She asked me to lend her a hand.

  賓語補(bǔ)足語:和賓語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間存在內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。

  (八)同位語

  位于名詞或代詞后面,說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況

  We young people should respect the old.(名詞)

  He himself will do the experiment.(代詞)

  He is the oldest among them four.(數(shù)詞)

  He told me the news that our team won the game.(從句)

  英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)和分析

  一、英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

  英語句子通常由主語(Subject)、謂語(Predicate)、賓語(Object)、定語(Attribute)、狀語(Adverbial)和補(bǔ)語(Complement)等成分組成。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種:

  1. 主 + 謂(SV)

   例如:He smiles. (“He”是主語,“smiles”是謂語)

  2. 主 + 謂 + 賓(SVO)

   例如:She reads a book. (“She”是主語,“reads”是謂語,“a book”是賓語)

  3. 主 + 系 + 表(SVP)

   例如:The flower is beautiful. (“The flower”是主語,“is”是系動(dòng)詞,“beautiful”是表語)

  4. 主 + 謂 + 間賓 + 直賓(SVOO)

   例如:He gave me a pen. (“He”是主語,“gave”是謂語,“me”是間接賓語,“a pen”是直接賓語)

  5. 主 + 謂 + 賓 + 賓補(bǔ)(SVOC)

   例如:They made the room clean. (“They”是主語,“made”是謂語,“the room”是賓語,“clean”是賓語補(bǔ)足語)

  二、句子成分分析

  1. 主語:句子所描述的主體,通常是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或狀態(tài)的主體。

   可以是名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等。

   例如:The dog barks. (“The dog”是主語)

  2. 謂語:表示主語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。

   通常由動(dòng)詞擔(dān)任。

   例如:She sings beautifully. (“sings”是謂語)

  3. 賓語:動(dòng)作的承受者或?qū)ο蟆?/p>

   分為直接賓語和間接賓語。

   例如:I bought him a gift. (“him”是間接賓語,“a gift”是直接賓語)

  4. 定語:用于修飾或限定名詞或代詞。

   可以是形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、定語從句等。

   例如:The red car is mine. (“red”是定語)

  5. 狀語:用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式、程度等。

   可以是副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。

   例如:He runs fast. (“fast”是狀語)

  6. 補(bǔ)語:用于補(bǔ)充說明主語或賓語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征等。

   分為主語補(bǔ)足語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。

   例如:The room was painted white. (“white”是主語補(bǔ)足語)

  三、復(fù)雜句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析

  1. 復(fù)合句:包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或多個(gè)從句。

   例如:When I came home, my mother was cooking. (“When I came home”是時(shí)間狀語從句,“my mother was cooking”是主句)

  2. 并列句:由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的簡單句通過并列連詞連接而成。

   例如:I like reading, but he likes playing sports. (“I like reading”和“he likes playing sports”是兩個(gè)并列的簡單句,“but”是并列連詞)

  四、句子分析實(shí)例

  1. The tall man who is wearing a blue shirt is my teacher.

   分析:“The tall man”是主語,“is”是系動(dòng)詞,“my teacher”是表語!皐ho is wearing a blue shirt”是定語從句,修飾先行詞“man”。

  2. Although it was raining hard, they still went for a walk.

   分析:“they”是主語,“went”是謂語,“for a walk”是狀語。“Although it was raining hard”是讓步狀語從句。

  通過對(duì)英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的了解和分析,能夠幫助我們更好地理解和運(yùn)用英語,提高英語語言能力。

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