英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣習(xí)題
英語(yǔ)中的語(yǔ)氣分為陳述語(yǔ)氣、祈使語(yǔ)氣、虛擬語(yǔ)氣、疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣和感嘆語(yǔ)氣五類(lèi)。虛擬語(yǔ)氣是說(shuō)話者用來(lái)表示假設(shè)，或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況，而非客觀存在的事實(shí)，所陳述的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，甚至完全與事實(shí)相反。此外如需表達(dá)主觀愿望或某種強(qiáng)烈的感情時(shí)，也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。
高中英語(yǔ)教材中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1. 表示本打算做什么，結(jié)果未能實(shí)現(xiàn)，體現(xiàn)遺憾惋惜的心情。常用短語(yǔ)：mean to，intend to，plan to。
例如：I had meant to go on Sunday but have stayed on.
I intended to have helped him, but I was very busy at that time.
2.表示一種相反的條件下會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么樣的結(jié)果。常用or，otherwise引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
例如：I ran all the way, or I should have been late for school.
I lost your telephone number, otherwise I would have rung you up long before.
3. 為了簡(jiǎn)化語(yǔ)言，句中暗含一種條件，理解為“要是有，要是沒(méi)有，要不是”等。常用介語(yǔ)with，without，but for，if only引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
例如：Without animals and plants, human being would not exist.
Without air(If there were no air ) there would be no living.
But for the storm, we should have had a much happier time.
要不是暴風(fēng)雨，我們本可以玩得更快樂(lè)。
If only he had more courage.
4.表示說(shuō)話者的一種假設(shè)，理解為“好象，比如”。常用連詞if，as if，as though等引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
If I were you, I would go to night school.
They talked as if they had been friends for many years.
5.表示說(shuō)話者一種委婉的建議和提議。常用It’s time接賓語(yǔ)從句， I’d rather后跟從句。
例如：It’s time you went to school.
It’s high time we did our homework.
I’d rather you went there tomorrow.
6.表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)一種情況的客觀、委婉的判斷。常用It is important /strange/natural/necessary that…句型來(lái)表達(dá)。
例如：It’s important that every member (should) inform himself of these rulers.
It’s necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
It’s very strange that she (should) have left without saying goodbye.
7.表示說(shuō)話者對(duì)過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在、將來(lái)的一種愿望、希望，常用wish后跟賓語(yǔ)從句。
例如：I wish I knew the answer to the question.
How I wish I were a bird! I wish you would come soon.
8 .在表堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求的動(dòng)詞(或其ed形式)和名詞后跟的名詞性從句中，體現(xiàn)說(shuō)話者的一種委婉的提議、建議等。常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞：insist，suggest，order，propose，command，demand，reguest，desire，require，urge (后跟賓語(yǔ)從句)。
常見(jiàn)名詞：insistence，suggestion，proposition，requirement (其中order，demand，request，desire，command既是動(dòng)詞，又是名詞)后跟的.名詞性從句中要用should +v，should也可以省掉。
例如：I suggest that we (should) set off at one.
The students insisted that they (should) have more. #p#分頁(yè)標(biāo)題#e#
It is suggested that we( should) improve our oral English.
9.在狀語(yǔ)從句中，說(shuō)話者表達(dá)一種“即使、即便怎樣”的語(yǔ)氣。
常見(jiàn)用詞：Even if (though) as if (though)
例如：Even if Lin Tao were here, I should say the same thing.
Even though he had been ill, he would have gone to his office.
10.在if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句中，主從句強(qiáng)調(diào)一種時(shí)間搭配。
例如：
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬)
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exams.
(對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬)
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next Monday.(以上對(duì)將來(lái)進(jìn)行虛擬)
還要注意錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
例如：If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (從句指現(xiàn)在的情況，主句指過(guò)去)
If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now.(從句指過(guò)去的情況，主句指現(xiàn)在)
另外，這類(lèi)從句中如含有should，had，were時(shí)，則可將從屬連詞if省去，將should，had，were放在句首。
例如：Were he in your position, he’d have done the same.
考研英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣分析
虛擬語(yǔ)氣有不同的體現(xiàn)形式，在考研英語(yǔ)中多個(gè)題型中都有體現(xiàn)，既是考研英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是考生易失分處。在考研英語(yǔ)中命題頻率最高的是if虛擬條件句，考生需要掌握其形式及其反映的意義。此外，還有if虛擬條件句的省略倒裝句式，以及暗含條件的虛擬語(yǔ)氣也是考生學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。對(duì)其他類(lèi)型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣也要有所了解。對(duì)于常見(jiàn)的特殊虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以當(dāng)作固定句式準(zhǔn)確記憶。
要點(diǎn)精析
虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。虛擬語(yǔ)氣，作為動(dòng)詞的一種表現(xiàn)形式，主要是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞的不同時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)體現(xiàn)。主要有以下幾種：
1.If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句
既可以是真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以是非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
(1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)
條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)，如是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用were，主句謂語(yǔ)用should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。
例：If I were a bird, I could fly out of the world. 如果我是一只鳥(niǎo)，我會(huì)飛離這個(gè)世界。
(2)表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)
條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)用should/would/could/might+ have+過(guò)去分詞的形式。
例：If you had not hurried, you would have missed the train.
考研英語(yǔ)：深度解讀虛擬語(yǔ)氣
我們知道由if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有兩種形式，一種是真實(shí)的條件句，也就說(shuō)是某事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是非常高的。
例如
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.
(如果你想在談話中用幽默來(lái)使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識(shí)別共同的經(jīng)歷和共同的'問(wèn)題。)
另一種就非真實(shí)條件句，通過(guò)虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表達(dá)。
例如
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.
(要不是交通堵塞，我本會(huì)來(lái)得早一些。)在這句話中，假設(shè)不堵塞，但是真實(shí)情況并不是這樣，所以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
一般有2種常見(jiàn)的形式：
1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句中用would/could/ should 加動(dòng)詞原形，be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式為were.
If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.(2007,text 1 )(查看為世界杯和專(zhuān)業(yè)隊(duì)輸送人才的歐洲國(guó)家青年隊(duì)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一奇怪的現(xiàn)象更加明顯。)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法虛擬語(yǔ)氣的解析
1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中
�。�1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用were），而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would / should/ could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
（2）表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用would / should / might / could + have +過(guò)去分詞。如：
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
�。�3）表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形，而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用would / should/
could might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如；
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
（4）當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的'行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作相應(yīng)調(diào)整。如：
If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(從句說(shuō)的是過(guò)去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在）
有關(guān)高二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)之虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣包括了在條件句、名詞性從句等中的應(yīng)用，是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法，一下是具體內(nèi)容：
1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句中
�。�1）表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式用were）"，而主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"would / should/ could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形"。如：
If I were a boy, I would join the army.
If the had time, she should go with you.
�。�2）表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用"would / should / might / could + have +過(guò)去分詞"。如：
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
�。�3）表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反，條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should(were to) + 動(dòng)詞原形，而主句中的`謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用would / should/
could might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如；
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬，在漢語(yǔ)中表示一種假設(shè)的，不存在的情況，同樣，英語(yǔ)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣通過(guò)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示。
在初中階段，虛擬語(yǔ)氣一般用于下列情況：
一、條件狀語(yǔ)從句
1、與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反
若與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件從句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去式(be通常用were)，主句謂語(yǔ)用“should (would, could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形”。如：
If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我會(huì)帶把傘。(事實(shí)上我不可能是你)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號(hào)碼，我就可以給她打電話了。(事實(shí)上我不知道)
2、與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反
若與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句：主語(yǔ)+had done ， 主句：主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might+have done ，例如：
If I'd left sooner，I'd have been on time. 要是我早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身，我就準(zhǔn)時(shí)到了。(但我動(dòng)身太遲了)
If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那兒，我就會(huì)見(jiàn)到她。 (事實(shí)：去晚了)
職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
虛擬語(yǔ)氣也是一個(gè)難點(diǎn)。所謂虛擬語(yǔ)氣是表示說(shuō)話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測(cè)或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)。它通過(guò)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的特殊形式來(lái)表示�，F(xiàn)歸納如下：純假設(shè)，用虛擬，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)退一級(jí)：條件句，分主從，主句謂語(yǔ)前加would(should，could，might);表愿望，用虛擬，wish后面接賓語(yǔ)(從句)現(xiàn)在過(guò)去與將來(lái)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)退一級(jí)：提建議，用虛擬，賓語(yǔ)(從句)動(dòng)詞用(should)do：倆建議，三要求，再加堅(jiān)持與命令(suggest，advise，demand，require，request，Insist，order)It is time和would rather，后接叢句用虛擬：部分主語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)
(It necessary /important/natural/natural/strange/strange that......should do) 下面舉例說(shuō)明：
A.If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.(條件句虛擬)
B.Without air，there would be no living things.(同上)
C.We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.(表示愿望虛擬)
D.He demanded that we(should)start right away.(表示建議虛擬)
新概念英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法講解
虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示假想，而不表示客觀存在的事實(shí)，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。那么下面是小編為大家分享整理的`新概念英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)法講解，歡迎大家閱讀瀏覽。
虛擬語(yǔ)氣分三種情況來(lái)掌握：
1、虛擬條件句。
2、名詞性虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
3、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的其他用語(yǔ)。
一、虛擬條件句：
條件狀語(yǔ)從句是非真實(shí)情況，在這種情況下要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
1、條件從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)不一致，其句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)+過(guò)去時(shí)，主語(yǔ)+should(could, would, 或might)+動(dòng)詞原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.
If it rained, I would not be here now.
2、條件從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)不一致，句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)+had+過(guò)去分詞，主語(yǔ)+should(could, would, 或might)+have+過(guò)去分詞，如：
If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.
3、條件從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)不一致，句型為：
If 主語(yǔ)+should(were to, 過(guò)去時(shí))+do，主語(yǔ)+should(could...)+原形do，如：
2016考研英語(yǔ)：深度解讀虛擬語(yǔ)氣
我們知道由if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有兩種形式，一種是真實(shí)的條件句，也就說(shuō)是某事很可能發(fā)生，條件是可能存在的，主句中某種情況發(fā)生的概率也是非常高的。例如If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.(2002。Text1 )(如果你想在談話中用幽默來(lái)使人發(fā)笑，你就必須知道如何識(shí)別共同的經(jīng)歷和共同的問(wèn)題。)
另一種就非真實(shí)條件句，通過(guò)虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表達(dá)。例如I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.(要不是交通堵塞，我本會(huì)來(lái)得早一些。)在這句話中，假設(shè)“不堵塞”，但是真實(shí)情況并不是這樣，所以用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一般有6種常見(jiàn)的形式：
1)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的非真實(shí)條件句，從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句中用would/could/ should 加動(dòng)詞原形，be 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式為were.
If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.(2007,text 1 )(查看為世界杯和專(zhuān)業(yè)隊(duì)輸送人才的歐洲國(guó)家青年隊(duì)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這一奇怪的現(xiàn)象更加明顯。)
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法精析：虛擬語(yǔ)氣
【考點(diǎn)概述】
虛擬語(yǔ)氣有不同的體現(xiàn)形式，在考研英語(yǔ)中多個(gè)題型中都有體現(xiàn)，既是考研英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，也是考生易失分處。在考研英語(yǔ)中命題頻率最高的是if虛 擬條件句，考生需要掌握其形式及其反映的意義。此外，還有if虛擬條件句的省略倒裝句式，以及暗含條件的虛擬語(yǔ)氣也是考生學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。對(duì)其他類(lèi)型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 也要有所了解。對(duì)于常見(jiàn)的特殊虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以當(dāng)作固定句式準(zhǔn)確記憶。
【要點(diǎn)精析】
虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測(cè)等。虛擬語(yǔ)氣，作為動(dòng)詞的一種表現(xiàn)形式，主要是通過(guò)動(dòng)詞的不同時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)體現(xiàn)。主要有以下幾種：
一、If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句
既可以是真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，也可以是非真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。
1、表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在事實(shí)的假設(shè)
條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)，如是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞時(shí)只能用were，主句謂語(yǔ)用should/would/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。
例：If I were a bird, I could fly out of the world.如果我是一只鳥(niǎo)，我會(huì)飛離這個(gè)世界。
2、表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的假設(shè)
條件狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)用should/would/could/might+ have+過(guò)去分詞的形式。
例：If you had not hurried, you would have missed the train.