感恩節(jié)的由來中英對照

時間：2020-10-10 13:46:34 其他節(jié)日我要投稿

感恩節(jié)的由來中英對照

　　每年11月第四個星期四定為感恩節(jié)。感恩節(jié)假期一般會從星期四持續(xù)到星期天。本文《感恩節(jié)的由來中英對照》將帶領(lǐng)大家一起了解下更多關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的內(nèi)容!

感恩節(jié)的由來中英對照

　　感恩節(jié)的由來英文

　　The Pilgrims who sailed tothis country aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the EnglishSeparatist Church (a Puritan sect)。 They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religiouspersecution. There, they enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventuallybecame disenchanted with the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly. Seeking abetter life, the Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to financea pilgrimage to America. Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflowerwere non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company's interests. Onlyabout one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.

　　乘 “五月花”來到這個國度的旅行者(朝圣者)原本是英國分離者地下教會清教徒，他們的家在英國，因不堪忍受國內(nèi)的宗教迫害，他們逃亡到荷蘭。在荷蘭，他們享受了更多的宗教信仰自由，但最終卻意識到在荷蘭的這種生活方式是對他們的主的褻瀆。為了尋求更好的生活，他們與倫敦貿(mào)易公司協(xié)商，由該公司資助他們到美國。在這趟旅途中，船上只有大約1/3的乘客是清教徒，其他大多數(shù)人并非分離派清教徒，而是公司雇傭來保護(hù)其利益的人員(契約奴)。

　　The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock onDecember 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating. At the beginning of the following fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on theMayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one. And the remainingcolonists decided to celebrate with a feast ——including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year. Itis believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year withoutthe help of the natives. The feast was more of a traditional English harvestfestival than a true “thanksgiving” observance. It lasted three days.

　　1620年 12月11日，旅行者們在“普利茅斯石”登陸。他們的第一個冬季是災(zāi)難性的，第二年秋天來臨時，原來的102名乘客只剩下56人。但1621年他們獲得了大豐收，這些幸存的殖民者們決定和幫助他們度過困難的91名印第安人一起饗宴慶祝。他們相信，若沒有當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦膸椭�，他們是不可能度過這一年的。這次節(jié)日的盛宴不僅僅是一個“感恩”儀式，它更像英國傳統(tǒng)的豐收慶典。慶典持續(xù)了三天。

　　Governor William Bradford sent “four men fowling” after wild ducks andgeese. It is not certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, itis certain that they had venison. The term “turkey” was used by the Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl.

　　總督布雷德福派了“四人捕鳥隊”去捕捉野鴨和野鵝。我們現(xiàn)在并不能確定是否有野生火雞在當(dāng)時的筵席上，但筵席上肯定有鹿肉。當(dāng)時，朝圣者用“火雞”一詞來代表各種野禽。

　　Another modern staple at almost every Thanksgivingtable is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included thattreat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread orpastries of any kind. However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced atype of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider,potatoes, or butter. There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and thenewly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous.But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit,clams, venison, and plums.

　　現(xiàn)在，幾乎每家感恩節(jié)餐桌上都有南瓜餡餅――感恩節(jié)的另一種主食。但在當(dāng)年的第一次慶典上卻不可能有這種食品。因為面粉奇缺，所以面包、餡餅、糕點等食物都沒有。但他們卻吃了煮南瓜，并用收獲的玉米制成了一種油炸面包。也沒有牛奶、蘋果酒、土豆和黃油。沒有馴養(yǎng)的奶牛，自然沒有牛奶;而新發(fā)現(xiàn)的土豆被很多歐洲人認(rèn)為是有毒的。第一次慶典上有魚、草莓、豆瓣菜、龍蝦、干果、蛤、鹿肉、李子等。

　　This “thanksgiving” feast was not repeated the following year. But in 1623, during asevere drought, the pilgrims gathered in a prayer service, praying for rain.When a long, steady rain followed the very next day, Governor Bradfordproclaimed another day of Thanksgiving, again inviting their Indian friends. Itwasn't until June of 1676 that another Day of Thanksgiving was proclaimed.

　　緊接著的第二年(1622)卻沒有舉行“感恩”慶典。到了1623年，發(fā)生了一場嚴(yán)重的旱災(zāi)，朝圣者們聚集到一起，舉行了虔誠的祁雨儀式，剛好在第二天，一場充沛的'大雨從天而降。威廉布雷德�？偠叫荚俅螒c祝感恩節(jié)，并再次邀請了他們的印第安朋友。之后數(shù)年無感恩節(jié)，直到1676年6月，感恩節(jié)才再次被提出。

　　On June 20, 1676, the governing council of Charlestown, Massachusetts, held a meeting to determine how best to express thanks for the good fortune that had seen their community securely established.By unanimous vote they instructed Edward Rawson, the clerk, to proclaim June 29as a day of thanksgiving. It is notable that this thanksgiving celebrationprobably did not include the Indians, as the celebration was meant partly to bein recognition of the colonists' recent victory over the “heathen natives,”

　　1676年6月20日，馬薩諸塞州的查爾斯頓理事會召開會議，以確定如何最好地表達(dá)他們的感謝——好運使得他們的共和國牢固建立。通過一致表決他們指示愛德華羅森總統(tǒng)，宣布六月二十九日的一天感恩。值得注意的是，今年的感恩節(jié)慶�；顒涌赡懿话ㄓ《热耍鳛閼c�；顒釉谝欢ǔ潭壬铣蔀榱酥趁裾邞�(zhàn)勝“野蠻的土著人的認(rèn)可，”

　　感恩節(jié)吃火雞的由來

　　今年感恩節(jié)，約有4000萬只火雞在十一月的第四個星期四難逃成為餐桌佳肴的命運。

　　作為美國國家的自豪和美國家庭價值觀念的象征，火雞當(dāng)之無愧。但火雞又是如何躋身為感恩節(jié)的餐桌經(jīng)典呢?

　　成功既不是一蹴而就，也不是命中注定。如今已經(jīng)無法確定最早吃火雞習(xí)俗是否是來源于1621年豐收慶典中清教徒和萬帕諾亞格人共享的火雞大餐。當(dāng)時，野生火雞數(shù)量較多;移民領(lǐng)袖威廉·布拉德福德(William Bradford)在日記中提到那些火雞“數(shù)量繁多”。但是，日記僅存的篇幅中關(guān)于這次大餐的記錄僅有四個男人去“捕鳥”，而這種獵物既可以指鴨子或是天鵝等所有禽類。

　　1777年開始，美國國會宣布將感恩節(jié)設(shè)為國家的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，與此同時美國國徽也應(yīng)運而生，不過由于火雞形象不夠正派，并沒有當(dāng)選國徽標(biāo)志。當(dāng)時設(shè)計國徽時參考了這么幾種鳥類：公雞、和平鴿和鷹。最終，美國國徽委員會接受了查爾斯·湯姆森(Charles Thomson)于1782年提出的使用禿鷹圖案的建議。

　　然而，兩年之后，本杰明·富蘭克林(Benjamin Franklin)在自傳中寫道他懷疑當(dāng)初的決定是否有誤：“我不希望禿鷹成為我們國家的象征。這種鳥道德敗壞，為了生存不擇手段…大多數(shù)禿鷲都是窮途末路，而且往往很骯臟。”與之相反，富蘭克林寫道，而火雞則是一種“更容易被接受的鳥類…雖然有那么點平庸而愚笨，但是卻能代表著勇氣。”

　　富蘭克林的無心贊美使得火雞的形象有所轉(zhuǎn)折。19世紀(jì)，火雞作為廉價肉類產(chǎn)品為廣大美國人購買，成為了暢銷品。到了1869年，美國作家哈里耶持·比徹·斯托(Harriet Beecher Stowe)在其作品《老鎮(zhèn)居民》(“Old Town Folks”)中提及舊時的感恩節(jié)情景，“火雞，雞肉…以及其他各種各樣的蔬菜，種類繁不勝數(shù)，凡是美國土地能長出來的東西都擺在了餐桌上。”

　　盡管火雞的餐桌地位傲視群雄，但是它的形象仍然無法企及狼、熊及北美野牛。19世紀(jì)美國詩人中鮮有謳歌火雞的，不過倒有一位從火雞找到靈感進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作，他就是美國民間作家詹姆斯·惠特科姆·萊利(James Whitcomb Riley 1849-1916)，他的作品有《安妮》(“Little Orphant Annie”)。

　　萊利寫過如下經(jīng)典詩句：“當(dāng)冷霜初降，南瓜與飼草披上一層白衣，/慵懶的雄火雞發(fā)出咯咯的叫聲…啊，這叫聲在我心上敲出一串聲響，好像大鐘滴滴答答，”也許這些詩句讓其他詩人覺得關(guān)于火雞已經(jīng)無可再寫了。

　　直到20世紀(jì)人們對火雞的印象才從火烤肉餅食材中有所改觀。如果說1968年百老匯音樂劇《承諾，承諾》(“Promises, Promises”)可能被人們所淡忘，但其中第一幕美輪美奐的歌舞片段“火雞藏好”( “Turkey Lurkey Time”)成為了永恒的經(jīng)典手機鈴聲和合唱團(tuán)曲目。

　　1983年，在英國一檔游戲競賽電視節(jié)目《家族財富》(“Family Fortunes”)中，火雞創(chuàng)造了歷史。參賽者要利用火雞來回答三個同一行或者同一列的問題，例如“說出人們?nèi)ズ┮獛У臇|西。”不過火雞真正火起來是在接下來的十年中，美國全國廣播公司(NBC)的情景喜劇《老友記》(“Friends”)——在該劇第五季第八集中，火雞成為了傳奇的偉大存在。沒有人想到像劇中的喬伊(Joey)那樣能夠把腦袋塞到火雞肚子里。

　　感恩節(jié)的習(xí)俗英文

　　thanksgiving day is the most truly american of the national holidays in the united states and is most closely connected with the earliest history of the country.

　　感恩節(jié)是美國法定假日中最地道、最美國式的節(jié)日，它和早期美國歷史最為密切相關(guān)。

　　family reunion and feasting??family feast is an important tradition during thanksgiving. the entire family sits at the table during dinner and offer prayer to the lord almighty for his continuous grace. it is also a time for relatives living in different places to come together and celebrate.

　　家庭盛宴是感恩節(jié)期間的一個重要習(xí)俗。全家人圍坐在飯桌邊一起祈禱，愿上帝施與永不停息的恩惠。這也讓身處異地的親友歡聚一堂，同慶美好時光。

　　tradition of turkey??the traditional stuffed turkey adorns every dinner table during the feast. pumpkin pie, cranberry sauce, corns are some of the dishes cooked everywhere to mark the day. though historians don’t have an evidence to prove that turkey was eaten during the first thanksgiving dinner, the thanksgiving celebration will be incomplete without it.

　　傳統(tǒng)的填制火雞讓每個餐桌生色不少，南瓜派、酸果沙司、玉米更是那天必不可少的菜肴。雖然歷史學(xué)家沒有證據(jù)證明在第一個感恩節(jié)時人們就吃火雞，但沒有火雞的感恩節(jié)是不完美的。

　　parades??the traditional thanksgiving parade probably started with president lincoln proclaiming it an official day. the full- dress parade is a way to display the country’s military strength and discipline. the main aim of such parades is to lift the spirits of the spectators, provide them with wholesome entertainment. in the present day, parades are accompanied with musical shows and celebrities.

　　感恩節(jié)那天進(jìn)行的巡游儀式大概始于林肯總統(tǒng)時期，而且這天被宣布為法定節(jié)日。隆重的巡游儀式是顯示國家軍事力量和嚴(yán)明紀(jì)律的一個方式，但這樣的巡游主要目的是振奮國人，為大眾提供一個積極健康的娛樂活動。現(xiàn)代的巡游活動還加入音樂節(jié)目，眾多名人也參與其中。

　　football games??watching nfl football during thanksgiving is a popular tradition. the traditional game between the detroit lions and the green bay packers continues. one of the most memorable games having been played on this day.

　　感恩節(jié)觀看美國國家足球聯(lián)盟的橄欖球比賽也是一個習(xí)俗。底特律雄獅和綠灣包裝工隊之間的傳統(tǒng)比賽至今仍然保留著。其中最值得紀(jì)念的比賽之一就在感恩節(jié)這天舉行。

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