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職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題及答案理工類B級(jí)閱讀理解
無(wú)論是在學(xué)校還是在社會(huì)中，只要有考核要求，就會(huì)有考試真題，借助考試真題可以為主辦方提供考生某方面的知識(shí)或技能狀況的信息。那么你知道什么樣的考試真題才能有效幫助到我們嗎？下面是小編為大家收集的職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題及答案，供大家參考借鑒，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題及答案理工類B級(jí)閱讀理解 1
第四部分：閱讀理解
第一篇 Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(樹冠)of taller indigenous(土生土長(zhǎng)的.)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.
31. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.
B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.
C. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.
D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.
32. The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____.
A. the positive effects of coffee.
B. a change of coffee growth.
C. something that is the most important.
D. how coffee production used to be.
33.What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?
A. More insects.
B. Better quality coffee.
C. Larger farms.
D. Higher profits.
34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?
A. They buy more land from other farmers.
B. They cut down trees.
C. They move to another country.
D. They turn grassland into farmland.
35.The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun
A. insects.
B. air.
C. birds
D. humans
第二篇 More Rural Research is Needed
Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.
“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition(營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良)and poverty.” he said.
Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation(貧瘠化)and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expected to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in 2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.
The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on research and developed world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.
He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs(有用的副產(chǎn)品)for Mexico, China or India.
“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can be used very efficiently.” Dr. Fischer said.
Yields of rice, wheat ad maize(玉米)havegrown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield.” Dr. Fischer said.
36. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Shortage of food supplies.
B. Development of agricultural technologies.
C. Impact of agricultural research.
D. Expectation of population growth.
37. Which of the following statements is true about the world’s agricultural research funding?
A. It is increasing among developed countries.
B. It is decreasing worldwide.
C. Less is demanded from developing countries.
D. Most of it is spent very efficiently.
38. What is the picture of Asia’s food supplies in the first 25 years?
A. Food shortage will not be a problem
B. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.
C. Population growth will result in more hungry people.
D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.
39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? Dr Fischer
A. They are costly.
B. They have to be improved to meet local needs.
C. Their application is limited.
D. They have to be applied locally.
40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that_____.
A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.
B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries.
C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.
D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed.
第三篇 Dangers await babies with altitude
Women who live in the worlds highest communities tend to give birth to under-weight babies, a new study suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heart disease and strokes.
Research has hinted that newborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clear whether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitude or because their mothers are under-nourished — many people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared with those living lower down.
To find out more, Dino Giussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 births in Bolivia during 1976 and 1998. The babies were born in both rich and poor areas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. L Paz is the highest city in the world, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at 0.44 kilometers.
Sure enough, Giussani found that the average birthweight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower than in Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babies born to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born to wealthy families in lofty La Paz. "We were very surprised by this result," says Giussani.
The results suggest that babies born at high altitude are deprived of oxygen before birth. "This may trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of the unborn child," says Giussani.
His team also found that high-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with their bodies. This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenated blood to the brain in preference to rest of the body.
Giussani wants to find out if such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in La Paz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weight is a risk factor for coronary(冠狀的) heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio of head size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure and strokes in later life.
41. What does the new study discover?
A. Babies born to wealthy families are heaver.
B. Women living at high altitude tend to give birth to underweight babies.
C. Newborns in cities are lighter than average.
D. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life.
42. Giussani and his team are sure that _____.
A. babies born in Lance Paz are on average lighter than in Santa Cruz.
B. people living at high altitudes tend to give birth to underweight babies.
C. the birth weight of babies born to wealthy families is Santa Cruz.
D. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished.
43. It can be inferred from what Giussani says in Paragraph 4 that_____.
A. the finding was unexpected
B. he was very tired.
C. the study took longer than expected.
D. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz.
44. The results of the study indicate the reason for the underweight babies is _____.
A. lack of certain nutrition.
B. power of their mother.
C. different family backgrounds.
D. reduction of oxygen levels.
45. It can be learned about form the paragraph that_____.
A. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in later life.
B. under-weight babies have a shorter life span.
C. babies born to poor families lack hormones before birth.
D. new born wealthy families have larger heads compared with their bodies.
參考答案：
第4部分：閱讀理解(第31—45題，每題3分，共45分)
31-35. DB D B B
36-40. C B C B A
41-45. B A A D B
職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題及答案理工類B級(jí)閱讀理解 2
Architecture Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings are often so well constructed that they outlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art.
The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century.
Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments because they are not burnable and can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials are more adaptable to industrial use.
The complexity of modern life calls for a variety of building. More people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they are sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All theses different types of buildings accumulated experiences needed by their designers.
By the middle of the 20th century, modern architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modern architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinforced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. EXERCISE:
1. Paragraph 2_____________.
2. Paragraph 3_____________.
3. Paragraph 4_____________.
4. Paragraph 5_____________.
A Building materials
B Need of greater building varieties in modern life
C Restoration of ancient civilizations
D Evolution in style
E factors affecting modern architecture
F A social art
5.Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful______.
6.Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles, which were restored during renaissance, were still influential _____.
7. As modern life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings _____.
8. The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and the air-conditioner have played an important role ______.
A to meet their needs
B but also beautiful to look at
C in the development of modern architecture
D to design more buildings
E even in the 20th century
F to outlast their original use
KEY: C A B E B E A C
職稱英語(yǔ)考試真題及答案理工類B級(jí)閱讀理解 3
閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2～5段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題;(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請(qǐng)將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上.
Successful Language Learners
1 Some people seem to have a knack for learning languages. They can pick up new vocabulary, master rules or grammar, and learn to write in the new language more quickly than others. They do not seem to be any more intelligent than others, so what makes language learning so much easier for them? Perhaps if we take a close look at these successful language learners, we may discover a few of the techniques which make language learning easier for them.
2 First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from mistakes.
3 Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.
4 Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn from them. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.
5 What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.
23 Paragraph 1_________.
24 Paragraph 2_________.
25 Paragraph 3_________.
26 Paragraph 4_________.
A Ways to Learn a Language Successfully
B Learning a Language Purposefully
C Learning a Language Actively
D Learning a Language Independently
E Learning from Mistakes
F Learning to Think in the Target Language
23. A 定位于該段第一句Some people seem to have a knack(=ways) for learning languages.為主旨句，意為“有些人似乎有學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的訣竅�！迸c選項(xiàng)A意思相同，是主旨句的改寫，故選A。
24. D 定位于該段第一句First of all, successful language learners are independent learners(=independently).是主旨句，故選D。
25. C 定位于該段第一句Successful language learning is active learning(=learn actively).是主旨句，選項(xiàng)C是此句的改寫，故選C。
26. B 定位于該段的第一句Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose(=purposefully).是主旨句，故選B。
27 Successful language learners derive conclusions_________.
28 Independent language learners rely on themselves_________.
29 Active language learners seize every opportunity_________.
30 The author wrote this text_________.
A to discover sentence patterns and grammatical rules
B to expand vocabulary
C to use the target language
D to encourage unsuccessful language learners to learn independently, actively and purposefully
E from clues
F to say strange things
27. E 定位于第二段They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.意為“他們很會(huì)猜測(cè)，會(huì)找出線索并得出自己的結(jié)論。”選項(xiàng)E符合原文內(nèi)容。
根據(jù)題目中derive可直接判斷選E，derive from“源于;來(lái)自”。
28. A 定位于第二段Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they(=independent language learners) try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.故選A。
29. C 定位于第三段Therefore, successful learners do not wait for a chance(=seize every opportunity) to use the language; they look for such a chance.故選C。
30. D 定位于最后一段If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might as well try some of the techniques outlined above.可得出作者的'目的就是為了鼓勵(lì)不成功的語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者應(yīng)該主動(dòng)地、獨(dú)立地、有目的地學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，故選D。
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