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小升初英語知識點(diǎn)

時(shí)間:2023-02-12 12:04:35 小升初 我要投稿

小升初英語必備知識點(diǎn)

  1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

小升初英語必備知識點(diǎn)

  表示正在發(fā)生的事情或進(jìn)行的動作,常與now,listen,look等詞連用,結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動詞(am, is, are)+動詞ing.

  如:It is raining now.

  外面正在下雨

  It is six oclock now.

  現(xiàn)在6點(diǎn)了

  My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.

  我父母正在客廳看報(bào)紙

  Look! The children are having a running race now.

  看!孩子們正在賽跑

  問句將be動詞移前,否定句在be動詞后+not.

  2一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

  表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情或動作,常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year) on Sundays等詞連用。

  結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+動詞原形;當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時(shí),動詞后加s或es.

  如:We have an English lesson every day.

  我們每天都要上英語課

  Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.

  男孩比女孩跑的快嗎?是的

  問句借助于do, does否定句借助于dont, doesnt,后面動詞一定要還原。

  3一般過去時(shí)

  表示發(fā)生在過去的事情或存在的狀態(tài),常與just now; a moment ago; ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。

  結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be動詞的過去式(was; were)或主語+動詞的過去式。

  注意:be動詞與動詞過去式不可同時(shí)使用。

  如:My earphones were on the ground just now.

  我的耳機(jī)剛剛還在呢。

  Where were you last week? I was at a camp.

  你上個(gè)星期去哪了?我去野營了

  What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm

  你昨天去干嘛了?我去參觀農(nóng)場了。

  問句有be動詞將be動詞移前,沒有be動詞借助于did,后面動詞還原;

  否定句有be動詞在后面加not,沒有借助于didnt后面動詞還原。

  4一般將來時(shí)

  表示將要打算發(fā)生的事情或動作,常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;)today等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+be(am, is, are) going to + 動原或主語+will +動原。

  如:What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.

  你明天要去干嘛?我要去野餐。

  The childre are going to have a sports meeting next week.

  孩子們下個(gè)星期將參加運(yùn)動會。

  Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.

  Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。

  問句將be動詞或will移前;否定句在be動詞或will后加not.

  5情態(tài)動詞

  can; can should; shouldn must; may后一定加動詞原形。

  如:The girl cant swim, but he can skate.

  女孩不會游泳,但是會滑冰

  Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.

  不要再課上說話,你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽老師講。

  6祈使句

  肯定祈使句以動詞原形開頭;否定祈使句以dont加動詞原形開頭。

  如:Open the box for me ,please.

  請為我打開盒子。

  Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.

  劉濤,明天請?jiān)琰c(diǎn)起床!

  Dont walk on the grass!

  不要在草地上走!

  Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.

  海倫!不要爬樹。

  7go的用法

  去干嘛用go +動詞ing

  如: go swimming; go fishing;

  go skating;

  go camping;

  go running;

  go skiing;

  go rowing

  8比較

  than 前用比較級;asas之間用原級。

  如:My mother is two years younger than my father.

  我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。

  Liu Tao jumps as far as Ben.

  劉濤跳得和本一樣遠(yuǎn)。

  9喜歡做某事

  用like +動詞ing或like+ to + 動原。

  如: Su Yang likes growing flowers.

  蘇陽喜歡種花。

  The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.

  孩子們喜歡在春節(jié)去玩花燈。

  10想要做某事

  用 would like +to+動原或want + to +動原。

  例:Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum

  11some

  用于肯定句中,在否定句和問句中改為any,但當(dāng)表示委婉語氣時(shí)仍用

  如:Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?

  12代詞

  人稱代詞主格做主語用一般放在句首或動詞前,主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。

  賓格做賓語用,一般放在動詞或介詞后

  如:Open them for me. Let us , join me等。

  賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。

  形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前,不能單獨(dú)使用,分別是my your his her its our your their

  名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形物加名詞,它只能單獨(dú)使用后面不好加名詞,分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。

  13介詞

  介詞后要么不加動詞,加動詞只能加動詞ing形式

  如:be good at running;

  do well in jumping;

  14時(shí)間介詞

  季節(jié)前,月份前用介詞in

  如:in summer;in March

  具體的哪一天如星期幾,幾月幾日用介詞on

  如:on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning

  在幾點(diǎn)鐘前用介詞at

  如: at a quarter to four;

  只在上下午晚上用in

  如:in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;

  但在夜間用at night。

  另:季節(jié),月份和星期前不好加the.

  15名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法

  有規(guī)則的有:

  (1)直接在名詞后加s

  如orangeoranges; photophotos;

  (2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加es

  如:boxboxes; glassglasses; waitresswaitresses; watchwatches;peach--peaches

  (3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es

  如:studystudies;librarylibraries; hobbyhobbies; familyfamilies;

  (4)以f, fe結(jié)尾的改f, fe 為v+es如:knifeknives; thiefthieves(注:以o結(jié)尾的我們學(xué)過的只有mango加es, mangomangoes其余加s,)

  不規(guī)則的有:

  man womanwomen; peoplepeople; childchildren

  16動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成

  (1)直接在動詞后加s

  如:run dancedances

  (2)以s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的加es

  如:dogowashwashes;catchcatches

  (3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es

  如:studystudies; carrycarries;

  17現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成

  (1)直接在動詞后加ing

  如:singsinging; skiskiing;

  (2)雙寫詞尾加ing

  如:swimswimming; jogjogging;runrunning;

  (3)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加ing

  如:rideriding; dancedancing; makemaking;

  18規(guī)則動詞過去式的構(gòu)成

  (1)直接在動詞后加ed

  如:cleancleaned; milkmilked; playplayed;

  (2)以e結(jié)尾的直接加d

  如:dancedanced; tastetasted;

  (3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加ed

  如:studystudied;carrycarried;

  (4)雙寫詞尾加ed

  如:stopstopped; jogjogged;

  不規(guī)則的有:am,is are do,does have,has go meet sit see get tell run come stealstole; read

  19形容詞副詞比較級的構(gòu)成

  規(guī)則的:

  (1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er

  如;smallsmaller; lowlower;

  (2)以e結(jié)尾的加r

  如:latelarer;

  (3)雙寫詞尾加er

  如:bigbigger; thinthinner; fatfatter;

  (4) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加er

  如:heavyheavier; earlyearlier;

  不規(guī)則的有:

  good, wellbetter(最高級為best); many, much--- more(最高級為most);

  far---farther;

  20rain與snow的用法

  (1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數(shù)名詞

  如:There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。

  (2) 作為動詞意思是下雨和下雪,有四種形式分別是:

  動詞原形rain, snow;

  第三人稱單數(shù)rains ,snows;

  現(xiàn)在分詞raining; snowing

  過去式rained; snowed;

  如:①Look! It is raining now. 瞧!天正在下雨。

 、贗t often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經(jīng)常下雨。

 、 It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。

 、躀t is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。

  (3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的

  如:It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經(jīng)常是有雨的。

  If it is rainy tomorrow, Ill stay at home.如果明天是有雨的,我將呆在家里。

  21比較級

  注意只有同類事物才可進(jìn)行比較。

  如:My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancys. My brother is stronger than me.

  22have, has

  表示某人有(has用于第三人稱單數(shù));There is/ are;

  There was/ were 表示某地存在有

  注意There be 句型的就近原則

  單數(shù)或不可數(shù)用there is /was;

  復(fù)數(shù)用there are/ were.

  23本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的詞

  眼鏡glasses; 耳機(jī)earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是復(fù)數(shù)。

  如:My glasses were on the chair just now.

  但如果表示這雙,這副,一雙的時(shí)候用單數(shù)

  如:There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.

  24五個(gè)元音字母:Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;

  25一個(gè)的用法

  a用于輔音前不是輔音字母前;an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。

  如:There is an s, a t, a u, a d ,an e, an n,and a t in the word student.

  26時(shí)間表示法

  有兩種:

 。1)直接讀時(shí)鐘和分鐘。

  如6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five;

  (2)用to與past表示。

  在半小時(shí)包括半小時(shí)以內(nèi)用幾分past幾點(diǎn)

  如:6:10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;

  過了半小時(shí)用下一個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)差幾分

  如7:45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten;

  27基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法

  基變序有規(guī)律,結(jié)尾加上th; 一二三特殊例,結(jié)尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);

  八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替(即eigheighth; nineninth; five-- fifth ;twelvetwelfth);

  ty改y為ie后加th別忘記(即整十?dāng)?shù)如twentytwentieth;fortyfortieth);

  幾十幾十位為基個(gè)位為序(如第二十一為twenty-first)。

  另外強(qiáng)調(diào)序數(shù)詞前一定要加the。

  28日期的表示法

  用the+序數(shù)詞+ of +月

  如:三月三日 the third of March;

  12月25日 the 25th of December.

  29both 表示兩者都

  如:My parents are both teachers.

  all表示三者以上都

  如:The students are all very excited.

  30節(jié)日的表示法

  有day的節(jié)日前用on.

  沒有day的節(jié)日前用at,

  如:at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Years Day.

  31激動興奮的

  excited表示激動的,興奮地主語是人;

  exciting表示令人激動的,令人興奮的主語是事情

  如:The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.

  賽跑非常令人激動,因此所有的學(xué)生都很激動。

  32比較

  兩者比較用比較級,三者以上比較用最高級

  如:Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does

  誰跑得更快,男孩還是女孩?男孩。

  Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.

  你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)?我最喜歡秋天。

  Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.

  你更喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié),夏天還是冬天?我更喜歡冬天。

  33動詞還原的用法

  前面用了do, does did, dont, doesnt didnt后面動詞要還原。

  如:Did she watch TV last night?

  Helen doesnt like taking photos.

  34到了

  到達(dá)用get to

  但注意到家,到這兒,到那兒不可以加to

  如:get home; get here; get there,

  另外go home; come here; go there也一樣。

  35長著和穿著

  長著什么用with

  如:the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩;

  穿著什么用in

  如:the man in black穿黑衣服的男人

  或:the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的婦女

  36讓某人做某事

  用let sb后加動詞原形

  如:Lets water the flowers together.

  是該做的時(shí)候了用Its time for+名詞或Its time to +動原。

  幫助某人做某事是help sb with sth

  如:幫我學(xué)英語是 help me with my English

  37樹上

  外來的東西在樹上用in the tree

  如:the bird in the tree;

  樹上長的用on the tree

  如:the apples on the tree

  38運(yùn)動和樂器

  球類之前不加the;

  樂器之前必須加the

  如:play the piano; play football

  39一周中的第一天是Sunday; 一年中的第一個(gè)月是January

  40get后加比較級表示變得更怎么樣

  如:get stronger; get longer

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