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2017中考必背英語單詞:容易混淆的動詞
英語詞匯“join”和“take part in”都有“參加……”的意思,大家知道他們的具體用法么?下面是小編給大家整理的中考中常見的易混淆英語詞匯,希望能幫到大家!
[考試說明] 了解及物動詞和不及物動詞用法;掌握動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語以及疑問詞連用構(gòu)成不定式短語的基本用法;理解動詞不定式作主語和定語的用法;初步掌握延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞在用法上的區(qū)別等。
1. join & take part in
[誤] He joined the League for two years.
[正] He joined the League two years ago.
[正] He has been in the League for two years.
[正] He has been a League member for two years.
join指“參加”組織,成為一個成員,join sb.意思是“加入某人”,take part in指參加活動特別是大的運(yùn)動;如指“參加…多長時間”就要用延續(xù)動詞be in或be a …member,而不能用join。
2. borrow & lend & keep
[誤] She has lent me the book for a week.
[正] She lent me the book a week ago.
[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.
borrow和lend是短暫性動詞,在肯定句里不和表示一段時間的狀語連用,keep延續(xù)動詞,可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。 borrow意思是“借(進(jìn))”,后面跟介詞from,lend意思是“借(出)”,后面跟介詞to,lend也可用于某些成語中,如lend sb. a hand。
3. come & be here
[誤] He has come here for three hours.
[正] He came here three hours ago.
[正] He has been here for three hours.
come是瞬間動詞,不是延續(xù)性動詞,在肯定句中不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。而要與表示一段時間的狀語連用,就要用延續(xù)動詞。 與此同類的還有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.
4. cost & take & spend & pay
[誤] I cost a lot of time to read stories.
[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.
[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.
cost除了錢的花費(fèi)以外,還能表示時間上的花費(fèi),但常用物做主語。spend句子主語是人,可指花費(fèi)時間和金錢,但后面的動詞要用-ing形式,后面也可跟名詞短語,介詞用on。pay句子主語是人,常與for連用,buy也常與for連用,但花費(fèi)“錢”要放在介詞for后面,而pay則放在介詞for前面。
5. lie & lay & lain
[誤] She laid down the book and laid in bed.
[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.
lie有兩個意思,一個是“說謊”,過去式和過去分詞是在詞尾加-d;另一個是“躺,臥;位于”,是不規(guī)則動詞,其過去式和過去分詞是lay、lain,現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。 lay意思是“放;孵(蛋)”,其過去式和過去分詞是laid、laid。
6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of
[誤] The table is made from wood.
[正] The table is made of wood.
be made in意思是“由……生產(chǎn)”,強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)地;be made of意思是“用……制成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從成品上能看出原料,制成物沒改變原料的本質(zhì);be made from意思也是“用……制成”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從制成物上看不出原料,制成物已改變原料的本質(zhì);be made up of意思是“由……構(gòu)成或組成”,指人或物都可,指結(jié)構(gòu)成分。
7. stop to do & stop doing
[誤] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.
[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
[誤] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.
[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.
stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(開始)去做(別的某事)”,帶to的不定式在句子中作目的狀語;stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”,帶-ing形式的動名詞在句子中作賓語。
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