考研英語閱讀真題翻譯答案（精選5篇）

　　無論是身處學(xué)校還是步入社會，我們都要用到試題，試題是命題者根據(jù)一定的考核需要編寫出來的。你知道什么樣的試題才是好試題嗎？以下是小編為大家整理的考研英語閱讀真題翻譯答案，希望能夠幫助到大家。

　　考研英語閱讀真題翻譯答案 1

　　Specialization canbe seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation ofscientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units,one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis forfurther research. But specialization was only one of a series of relateddevelopments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was thegrowing professionalisation of scientific activity。

　　No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals andamateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Neverthelss, the word“amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integratedinto the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share itsvalues. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with itsconsequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greaterproblems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally mostobvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical orlaboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development ofgeology in the United Kingdom。

　　A comparison of British geological publications over the lastcentury and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy ofresearch, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptableresearch paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studiesrepresented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentiethcentury, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionalsonly if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture.Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the oldway. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geologicaljournals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by thewidespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in thetwentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separatejournals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateurreadership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,where the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。

　　Although the process of professionalisation and specialization wasalready well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, itsfull consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In sciencegenerally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucialperiod for this change in the structure of science。

　　21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as _________。

　　[A]sociology and chemistry

　　[B]physics and psychology

　　[C]sociology and psychology

　　[D]physics and chemistry

　　22. We can infer from the passage that _________。

　　[A]there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation

　　[B]amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science

　　[C]professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity

　　[D]amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones

　　23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate_________。

　　[A]the process of specialization and professionalisation

　　[B]the hardship of amateurs in scientific study

　　[C]the change of policies in scientific publications

　　[D]the discrimination of professionals against amateurs

　　24. The direct reason for specialization is _________。

　　[A]the development in communication

　　[B]the growth of professionalisation

　　[C]the expansion of scientific knowledge

　　[D]the splitting up of academic societies

　　21. The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be moreclearly seen in sciences such as_________.

　　19世紀專業(yè)化的發(fā)展在_______等科學(xué)領(lǐng)域容易看的更加清楚。

　　[A]sociology and chemistry 社會學(xué)和化學(xué)

　　[B]physics and psychology 物理學(xué)和心理學(xué)

　　[C]sociology and psychology 社會學(xué)和心理學(xué)

　　[D]physics and chemistry 物理學(xué)和化學(xué)

　　【答案】 D

　　【考點】 事實細節(jié)題。

　　【分析】 根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第三、四句，文中提到“專業(yè)化要求更長時間、更復(fù)雜的培訓(xùn)，給參與科學(xué)活動的業(yè)余人士帶來了更大的問題。在特別是以數(shù)學(xué)和實驗為基礎(chǔ)的那些科學(xué)領(lǐng)域里，這一傾向自然表現(xiàn)得最為明顯，英國地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展充分地說明了這一點”。在這四個選擇項中，[A]、[B]、[C]都提到了“文科學(xué)科”，只有[D]選項中的“物理學(xué)和化學(xué)”均是“以數(shù)學(xué)和實驗作為基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)”，因此可以推斷[D]選項符合原文，是正確答案。

　　22. We can infer from the passage that _____. 從本文可以推斷出______。

　　[A] there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalization

　　在專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化之間幾乎沒有區(qū)別

　　[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas ofscience

　　業(yè)余人士在某些領(lǐng)域和專業(yè)人士可以競爭

　　[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientificcommunity

　　專業(yè)人士看上去是歡迎業(yè)余人士加入科學(xué)團體的

　　[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones

　　業(yè)余人士看起來只有全國性的學(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會，但是沒有地方性的學(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會

　　【答案】 B

　　【考點】 推斷題。

　　【分析】 選項[A]中提到“專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化之間幾乎沒有區(qū)別”，而實際上，它們指的是“不同的領(lǐng)域和方向”，“specialization”針對“研究對象”，“professionalization”針對“研究者”，因此可以排除。選項[C]說“專業(yè)人士看上去是歡迎業(yè)余人士加入科學(xué)團體”這種說法也是不對的，因為專業(yè)化的發(fā)展使得業(yè)余人士受到排擠。[D]選項明顯錯誤，因為文中提到“既有全國性的學(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會，又有地方性的學(xué)術(shù)協(xié)會”。第三段指出“局部的研究(local studies)只有在能被納入并反映出更廣泛研究框架的時候，才為專業(yè)人士所接受”。這說明，某些方面的研究是為專業(yè)研究者所認可的，同時說明了業(yè)余研究與職業(yè)研究并存的狀況。既然是并存的，就說明在某個地方是可以競爭的。因此選擇[B]。

　　23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate______。

　　作者提到地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展是為了說明______。

　　[A] the process of specialization and professionalization

　　專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化的過程

　　[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study

　　業(yè)余人士在科學(xué)研究方面的艱辛

　　[C] the change of policies in scientific publications

　　科技出版政策的變化

　　[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs

　　職業(yè)人士對業(yè)余人士的歧視

　　【答案】 A

　　【考點】 作者目的題。

　　【分析】 根據(jù)題干“地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展”定位到第二段末尾和第三段，第三段主要講的是地質(zhì)學(xué)的發(fā)展;以及第四段第一句“雖然職業(yè)化和專業(yè)化過程早在19世紀已在英國的地質(zhì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域展開，但直到20世紀我們才看到其全面影響”，因此可以判斷這里的正確答案是[A]。[B]選項認為是“業(yè)余研究者在科學(xué)研究方面的艱辛”。例子中雖然提到了專業(yè)化給業(yè)余研究者帶來的不利影響. 但是從整體來看，那個不是重點，地質(zhì)學(xué)的例子主要是為了說明“專業(yè)化和職業(yè)化過程的形成及其影響”。

　　24. The direct reason for specialization is _______. 造成專業(yè)化的直接原因是_______。

　　[A] the development in communication 交流的發(fā)展

　　[B] the growth of professionalization 職業(yè)化的發(fā)展

　　[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge 科學(xué)知識的擴展

　　[D] the splitting up of academic societies 學(xué)術(shù)團體的分化

　　【答案】 C

　　【考點】 事實細節(jié)題。

　　【分析】 本題要求考生找出現(xiàn)象間的因果關(guān)系。全文開篇就指出，“專業(yè)化過程可以被看做是對日益積累的科學(xué)知識的反應(yīng)”。這句話的含義實際上就是“科學(xué)知識的積累促進了專業(yè)化”。因此可以判定[C]是正確選項。[A]選項是不對的，因為根據(jù)其中的“交流”一詞可以定位到第一段，文中提到“專業(yè)化影響了交流過程”，而不是反之。[B]不對，“專業(yè)化是隨著知識的進一步分類而產(chǎn)生的，是和職業(yè)化同時產(chǎn)生的”，不是其成因。[D]為專業(yè)化的結(jié)果。

　　難句解析：

　　1. Nevertheless, the word“amateur”does carry aconnotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into thescientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values。

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主句是“the word‘a(chǎn)mateur’does carry a connotation”，后面有一個“that”引導(dǎo)的同位語從句，解釋“connotation”，而這個同位語從句中有兩個并列謂語。

　　2. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of sciencebased especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can beillustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom。

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干是“The trend was naturally most obvious… and can beillustrated…”。主語是“the trend”，兩個謂語部分為“was obvious”和“can be illustrated”。前一個部分中“based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training”是過去分詞做后置定語修飾“areas of science”。

　　3. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced bythe widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in thenineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentiethcentury。

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是“The overall result has been to do sth�！薄６禾柡竺嬷皇且粋�名詞性的短語，其關(guān)鍵詞是“a result”，是前面句子主語的同位語，在其內(nèi)部主要是一個“that”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，而定語從句中又有兩個并列的狀語“first by..., and then by.。.”。

　　4. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professionalgeologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies,whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way。

　　【結(jié)構(gòu)分析】這是一個并列句，由“whereas”(而)連接兩個分句，說明了兩種情況，前一個分句的主干是“A process of differentiation has led to professional geologists”，而后面說“theamateurs have tended either to remain…or to come…”。

　　全文翻譯：

　　專業(yè)化可被看作針對科學(xué)知識不斷膨脹這個問題所做出的反應(yīng)。通過將學(xué)科細分為各個小的單元，個人能夠繼續(xù)處理這些信息并將它們作為進一步研究的基礎(chǔ)。但是專業(yè)化僅僅是一系列相關(guān)科學(xué)進步中影響交流過程的的一個。另一現(xiàn)象是科學(xué)活動的日益職業(yè)化。

　　在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)，職業(yè)人士與業(yè)余人士之間沒有明確的`區(qū)分：任何規(guī)律都有其例外。但是“業(yè)余”這個詞的確具有一種含義，即相關(guān)的那個人沒有完全融入某個科學(xué)家群體，尤其是他可能并不完全認同他們的價值觀。19世紀的專業(yè)化的發(fā)展，導(dǎo)致了對更長更復(fù)雜的訓(xùn)練的要求，意味著業(yè)余人員進入科學(xué)界會遇到更大的困難。特別是在以數(shù)學(xué)和實驗室訓(xùn)練為基礎(chǔ)的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，這種傾向自然尤為明顯，這可以通過英國的地質(zhì)學(xué)發(fā)展過程得到證實。

　　對過去一個半世紀的英國地質(zhì)出版物所進行的比較表明不但人們對研究首要性的重視程度在不斷增加，而且對什么是可以接受的論文的定義也在不斷變化。因此，在19世紀，局部的地質(zhì)研究本身就代表了一種有價值的研究;而到了20世紀，如果局部的研究能夠被職業(yè)人員接受，那么它就必須結(jié)合和思考一個更加廣闊的地質(zhì)面貌。另一方面，業(yè)余人員繼續(xù)以傳統(tǒng)方式從事局部的研究。結(jié)果，業(yè)余人員在職業(yè)化地質(zhì)學(xué)雜志發(fā)表文章更加困難。審稿制度首先在19世紀的全國性雜志中實行，后來在20世紀一些地方性地質(zhì)雜志中也開始實行，這使這個結(jié)果得到進一步加強。這樣發(fā)展的必然結(jié)果是出現(xiàn)了針對專業(yè)讀者和業(yè)余讀者的不同雜志。類似的分化過程也導(dǎo)致職業(yè)地質(zhì)學(xué)家聚集起來，形成一兩個全國性的團體，而業(yè)余地質(zhì)學(xué)家則要么留在地方性團體中，要么以不同方式組成全國性的團體。

　　雖然職業(yè)化和專業(yè)化過程在19世紀的英國地質(zhì)學(xué)界中已經(jīng)得到迅速發(fā)展，但是它的效果一直拖到20世紀才充分顯示出來。然而，從整個科學(xué)來看，19世紀必須被視為科學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生該變化的關(guān)鍵階段。

　　考研英語閱讀真題翻譯答案 2

　　Need for Emphasis on Treatment

　　AIDS programs in developing countries put too little emphasis on treatment, the World Health Organization said Tuesday, asking for more small community-based clinics to be opened to treat HIV-infected people. An estimated 36 million to 46 million people are living with AIDS, two-thirds of them in Africa, but only 440,000 people in developing countries were receiving treatment by the end of 2003, the UN health agency said in its annual report.

　　“Without treatment, all of them will die a premature and in most cases painful death,” the WHO said in the 169?page World Health Report.

　　WHO Director General Lee Jong-wook said community-based treatment should be added to disease prevention and care for sufferers in AIDS programs.

　　“Future generations will judge our time in large part by our response to the AIDS disease,” Lee said.

　　“By tackling it decisively we will also be building health systems that can meet the health needs of today and tomorrow. This is a historic opportunity we cannot afford to miss,” he added. Antiretroviral drugs enable people hit by AIDS to live longer. The annual cost of treatment, which was about $10,000 when the drugs were first developed, has dropped to about $150.

　　Treatment programs also help AIDS prevention efforts, the report said, citing great demands for testing and counseling where treatment has been made available.

　　Good counseling in turn leads to more effective prevention in those who are uninfected, and significantly reduces the potential for HIV carriers to pass on the infection, the report said. Since its discovery in the 1980s, more than 20 million have died of AIDS, mostly in poor countries.

　　1. Which is true of many AIDS sufferers in developing countries?

　　A. They put too little emphasis on treatment.

　　B. They are not receiving any treatment.

　　C. They refuse to be treated.

　　D. They live longer than those in developed countries.

　　2.The WHO publishes its World Health Report.

　　A. once every two years.

　　B. once a decade.

　　C. once a year.

　　D. twice a year.

　　3.According to Lee, our response to the AIDS disease is

　　A. a matter of great significance.

　　B. a matter of little significance.

　　C. overemphasized.

　　D. timely

　　4.AIDS treatment programs may also result in

　　A. better drugs.

　　B. lower yearly cost.

　　C. more effective prevention.

　　D. greater emphasis on treatment.

　　5.How many people have died of AIDS so far?

　　A.36 million.

　　B. 46 million.

　　C. Around 440,000.

　　D. More than 20 million.

　　答案：B、C、A、C、D

　　考研英語閱讀真題翻譯答案 3

　　If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.

　　Sagan believes that before the earths resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.

　　Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.

　　When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.

　　1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.

　　a.food

　　b.oil

　　c.space

　　d.resources

　　2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____

　　a.it might be possible to change its atmosphere b.its atmosphere is the same as the earths c.there is a good supply of water on Venus d.the days on Venus are long enough 3.On Venus there is a lot of ________. a.water

　　b.carbon dioxide

　　c.carbon monoxide

　　d.oxygen

　　4.Algae are plants that can____. a.live in very hot temperatures b.live in very cold temperatures c.manufacture oxygen

　　d.all of the above

　　5. Man can land on Venus only when_______. a.the algae have done their work b.the atmosphere becomes cooler c.thereis oxygen

　　d.it rains there

　　答案：cabdd

　　考研英語閱讀真題翻譯答案 4

　　New Orleans, Louisiana, was established as part of the French Empire in 1718.

　　Its location on the east bank of the Mississippi River gave it control of the American hinerland and it became strategically important to many nations. It was transferred from France to Spain, returned to France,and finally sold by Napoleon to the United States in 1803. The city was the site of a famous battle fought in 1815 between the British, who hoped to control it , and the Americans under General And rew Jackson.

　　The riverbed of the Mississippi is constantly silting and the river is now actually higher than the city. Levees hold back the river and giant pumps are used to move water from the city into the river.

　　Although New Orleans haas beena part of the United States for almost two centuries, its population takes great pride in its French heritage. Louisiana still retains parts of the Code Napoleon which,form many years,was its only law.

　　New Orleans is carefree city and it boasts its hot, spicy Creole seafood and its native Dixieland Jazz. The jackson Square neighborhood maintains its French colonial homes and in other sections are pre-Civil War mansions. Visitors are surprised to find that behind this interesting facade of yesteryear, is a busy industrial and port city. Grain and coal come from the Midwest and foreigh cargoes are unloaded here. New Orleans is no longer a sleepy Southern town----but its still fun to visit.

　　1.What accounts for the levees and pumps in New Orleans? a.The Mississippi frequently floods the city. b.The riverbed has raised inthe past 200 years. c.The torrential rains flood the city frequently. d.The high humidity cannot otherwise be comtrolled. 2.The battle of New Orleans was fought by jackson against______.

　　a.France

　　b.Britain

　　c.Spain

　　d.The North

　　3.The Code Napoleon was _______. a.an agreement to sell Louisiana b.a body of laws

　　c.a city plan

　　d.a military code for the army

　　4.Which of the following elements does not apply to the attiude of the inhabitants of New Orleans?

　　a.Pride in their French heritage.

　　b.A desire to retain picturesque colonial buildings. c.A refusal to engage in trade and commerce d.A praising of Dixieland Jazz. 5.Tourists visiting New Orleans are surprised to

　　encounter_____.

　　a.Creole food

　　b.Dixieland jazz

　　c.bustling city

　　d.authentic colonial homes

　　13/200答案： bbbcc

　　考研英語閱讀真題翻譯答案 5

　　The food we eat seems to have profound effects on our health.Although science has made enormous steps in making food more fit to eat ,it has, at the same time,made many foods unfit to eat. Some research has shown that perhaps eighty percent of all human illnesses are related to diet and forty percent of cancer is related to the diet as well,especially cancer of the colon. Different cultures are more likely to cause certain different illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures. That food is related to illness is nto a new discovery. In 1945, about 35 years ago, government researchers realized that nitrates, commonly used to preserve color in meats,and other food additivies,caused cancer. Yet, these carcinogenic additives remain in our food, and it becomes more difficult all the time to know which things on the packaging labels of processed food are helpful or harmful. The additives which we eat are not all so direct. Farmers often give penicillin to beef and living animals, and because of this ,penicillin has been found in the milk of treated cow. Sometimes similar drugs are given to animals not for medical purposes,but for financial reasons. The farmers are simply trying to fatten the animals in order to obtain a higher price on the market. Although the Food and Drug Administration(FDA) has tried repeatedly to control these procedures, the practices continue.

　　1.What is the best possible title of the passage? a.Drug and Food

　　b.Cancer and Health

　　c.Food and Health

　　d.Health and Drug

　　2.Which of the following statements is NOT ture? a.Drugs are always given to animals for medical reasons b.Some of the additives in our food are added to the food itself and some are given to the living animals

　　c.Researchers have known about the potential dangers of food additives for over thirty-five years. d.Food may cause forty percent of cancer in world. 3.How has science done something harmful to mankind? a.Because of science , diseases caused by polluted food haven been virtually eliminated.

　　b.It has caused a lack of information concerning the value of food.

　　c.Because of the application of science,some potentially harmful substances have been added to food.

　　d.The scientists have preserved the color of meats,but not of vegetables.

　　4.What are nitrates used for?

　　a.They preserve flavor in packaged foods. b.They preserve the color of meats. c.They are the objects of research.

　　d.They cause the animals to become fatter.

　　5.The word carcinogenic most nearly means _____. a.trouble-making

　　b.color-retaining

　　c.money-making

　　d.cancer-causing

　　答案：cacbd

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