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高中英語閱讀題型

時(shí)間:2024-10-08 08:16:27 英語閱讀 我要投稿
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高中英語閱讀題型

  閱讀理解題能集中、全面地檢測(cè)考生從閱讀中獲取與加工信息的能力,客觀地反映考生對(duì)閱讀材料理解的準(zhǔn)確性與透徹性。下面小編跟大家分析一下高中英語閱讀的題型,一起來了解一下吧!

高中英語閱讀題型

  【閱讀理解的題型分析】

  (一)細(xì)節(jié)題(Specific Questions)

  細(xì)節(jié)題是根據(jù)短文提供的信息和事實(shí)進(jìn)行提問,選擇的依據(jù)必須是短文本身提供的信息。為了證明自己的觀點(diǎn),作者往往會(huì)鋪陳事實(shí)、羅列細(xì)節(jié)以使觀點(diǎn)更有說服力。事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)是文章不可或缺的組成部分。這類題型,數(shù)量上在近年高考中遙遙領(lǐng)先,大量事實(shí)題或細(xì)節(jié)題的出現(xiàn)便是一個(gè)有力的證明。細(xì)節(jié)題的發(fā)問具體,涉及內(nèi)容五花八門,通常采用以疑問詞開頭的特殊疑問句或不完全句的形式,即便不是以what,which,how many (much,long,etc.)等疑問詞引導(dǎo)的問句,也是以變相的問句對(duì)這類事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行提問。如:

  How did Johnny deal with those quotes?

  What did the store manager see a month later?

  What’s the right order of the following events?

  When did the work on the statue begin?

  When the chapel was going to be finished, the builders found that_____.

  例:44. Which would be the best title for the text?

  A. The invention of the Jazz Music. B. The Father of the Jazz Style.

  C. The Making of a Musician. D. The Spread of Popular Music.

  真題解析:

  通覽全文,發(fā)現(xiàn)本文中所有句子都圍繞Louis Armstrong展開,那么就可直奔中心詞為 somebody的選項(xiàng)B,直接排除其余三項(xiàng)。

  解題方法:

  1、整體感知,確定文體,根據(jù)文體特點(diǎn)尋找主題句。

  2、如果文中沒有現(xiàn)成的主題句,則需依靠銜接過度詞、句際關(guān)系等把握文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu),分辨主題與細(xì)節(jié),總結(jié)段落大意。

  3、對(duì)比選項(xiàng),謹(jǐn)防常見病癥:以偏概全、所概括的內(nèi)容與文章不相關(guān)、概括太籠統(tǒng)等。

  (二)推理題(Inference Questions)

  推理題或稱推斷題是閱讀理解中難度最高的題類,其答案往往在短文的字面上不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。而推理又是閱讀理解不可或缺的手段。若僅靠捕捉字面信息,把握主題,尋覓顯而易見的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)是遠(yuǎn)不足以全面而深刻理解作者的思想和意圖。因此,要善于通過邏輯推理以挖掘深層內(nèi)涵。

  推理不是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的手段,它需要借助表面文字信息或以具體事實(shí)、實(shí)際語境,即所謂的上下文為依據(jù)進(jìn)行判斷。因此,正確理解字面意義,結(jié)合上下文是推斷的先決條件。推理題的提問方式很多,如:

  What is probably the main reason that…?

  What does the passage imply about…?

  Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about…?

  It can be inferred from the passage that…

  The passage is probably taken from a book about…

  例:57. We know from the text that “BJ” _____.

  A. works in the Global Hair Station B. Often greets the passers-by

  C. Likes to sleep in the sun D. Is a two-year-old cat

  真題解析:

  尋讀找到“BJ”后,參看上下文:Little black BJ has spent nearly all his two years “working”at Punch Gallery in Balmain. Owner Lain Powell said he had had cats at the gallery for 15 years. “BJ often lies in the shop window and people walking past tap on the glass,”he said.

  根據(jù)句中加下劃線部分,就可推斷出答案是D。另外,下面的線索也有助于印證我們的推斷:

  Working帶引號(hào),則肯定另有蹊蹺,不是一般意義上的work,A很值得懷疑。根據(jù)前一段paragraph 3 最后一句They know when to go and have a sleep in the sun.斷定C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。它們知道該什么時(shí)候去陽光下睡覺,而不是喜歡陽光下睡覺。

  下劃曲線句表明,It is not that the cat often greets the passers-by, but the people walk past tapping on the glass. 所以B錯(cuò)誤。

  解題方法:

  1、關(guān)注連詞,分析文章邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。

  2、聚焦代詞,明辨指代關(guān)系。

  3、抓住關(guān)鍵詞語,利用平行結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文(包括定義、釋義、舉例、對(duì)比、標(biāo)點(diǎn))進(jìn)行判斷與推理。

  4、了解一些構(gòu)詞法,從詞根的特殊含義入手。

  (三)主旨題(Main Idea Questions)

  主旨題或要旨題用來檢測(cè)考生對(duì)文章的主題或中心思想的判斷能力,可以問短文的標(biāo)題、主要內(nèi)容、主題、作者的態(tài)度、目的、短文的基調(diào)等。主旨題是閱讀理解中很常見的題類,主要是針對(duì)說明文和議論文進(jìn)行提問。這類體裁的文章往往在章節(jié)的開首段直截了當(dāng)?shù)靥岢稣擖c(diǎn),具有開宗明義的特點(diǎn)。文中的其他句子都是以主題句為中心展開討論,或說理或以事實(shí)加以論證?忌裟軠(zhǔn)確地把握文章的要旨,這類題便如探囊取物一般易解了。要旨題往往采取以下幾種句式:

  What is the main topic of the passage?

  What is discussed in this passage?

  This passage is primarily concerned with _____.

  The main idea of this passage is _____.

  This passage mainly deals with _____.

  例:56. The purpose of the text is to _____.

  A. describe computer research result

  B. draw attention to teens’ computer habits

  C. suggest ways to deal with problem teens

  D. discuss problems teens have at school

  真題解析:

  比較選項(xiàng),發(fā)現(xiàn)A項(xiàng)中心詞describe與D項(xiàng)中心詞discuss只是寫作方法,而不是目的。所以首先排除這兩項(xiàng)。尋讀未發(fā)現(xiàn)建議以解決問題,所以再排除C,這樣答案就只能是B了。

  解題方法:

  做這類題要有理有據(jù),以文中所給事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)為依據(jù),全面把握作者思路與文章脈絡(luò),對(duì)隱含的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行合理推測(cè)與判斷,深入領(lǐng)會(huì)作者“言外之意”,切忌主觀臆斷,斷章取義,曲解作者本意。

  (四)指代題(Reference Questions)

  指代題用來測(cè)試考生在短文中理解詞義和詞組意義的能力。這類題型實(shí)際上可以再細(xì)分為兩類:一是猜測(cè)生詞詞義,問題核心詞常有most probably means,closest in meaning to,can be replaced by等;二是判斷代詞which或it的指代對(duì)象,或者根據(jù)文章進(jìn)行推斷,問題核心詞常有infer,according to the text,known from the text等。由于解題方法類似,所以這里放在一起分析。經(jīng)常這樣提問:

  In line 3, what does “it” refer to?

  The word “spotted” (line 6) means…

  The underlined part “a lump in the throat”(in Paragraph 4) probably means “__”.

  The underlined words “stick with it” in the third paragraph can best be replaced by “_____”.

  To which of the following is the phrase “in its own right” in line 8 closest in meaning?

  例:45. The word “indicator” in paragraph 1 probably means _____.

  A. maps B. services C. signs D. stations

  真題解析:先對(duì)原文進(jìn)行尋讀并找到要猜詞義的單詞indicator,再參看上下文進(jìn)行比較推測(cè)。此句前面共有三句話:第二句以However開頭,表明中心在后句,前句則可跳過不讀;第二句是含有because引導(dǎo)狀語從句的復(fù)合句,由于問題不涉及原因,也可跳過。那么中心應(yīng)在第三句“You can also find many weather signs among wild life.”通過對(duì)比,很容易得出結(jié)論:“weather indicator” means “weather sign”。

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