英語閱讀理解文章

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　　【讀書之樂】

　　Reading is a pleasure of the mind, which means that it is a little like a sport: your eagerness and knowledge and quickness make you a good reader. Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind work.

　　Your own imagination works along with the author's or even goes beyond his. Your experience, compared with his, brings you to the same or different conclusions, and your ideas develop as you understand his.

　　Every book stands by itself, like a one-family house, but books in a library are like houses in a city.

　　Although they are separate, together they all add up to something; they are connected with each other and with other cities.

　　The same ideas, or related ones, turn up in different places; the human problems that repeat themselves in life repeat themselves in literature, but with different solutions according to different writings at different times.

　　Reading can only be fun if you expect it to be. If you concentrate on books somebody tells you "ought" to read, you probably won't have fun.

　　But if you put down a book you don't like and try another till you find one that means something to you, and then relax with it, you will almost certainly have a good time--and if you become as a result of reading, better, wiser, kinder, or more gentle, you won't have suffered during the process.

　　讀書是愉悅心智之事。在這一點上它與運動頗為相似:一個優(yōu)秀的讀者必須要有熱情、有知識、有速度。讀書之樂并非在于作者要告訴你什么，而在于它促使你思考。你跟隨作者一起想像，有時你的想象甚至會超越作者的。

　　把自己的體驗與作者的相互比較，你會得出相同或者不同的結論。在理解作者想法的同時，也形成了自己的觀點。

　　每一本書都自成體系，就像一家一戶的住宅，而圖書館里的藏書好比城市里千家萬戶的居所。盡管它們都相互獨立，但只有相互結合才有意義。

　　家家戶戶彼此相連，城市與城市彼此相依。相同或相似的思想在不同地方涌現。人類生活中反復的問題也在文學中不斷重現，但因時代與作品的差異，答案也各不相同。

　　如果你希望的話，讀書也能充滿樂趣。倘若你只讀那些別人告訴你該讀之書，那么你不太可能有樂趣可言。

　　但如果你放下你不喜歡的書，試著閱讀另外一本，直到你找到自己中意的，然后輕輕松松的讀下去，差不多一定會樂在其中。而且，當你通過閱讀變得更加優(yōu)秀，更加善良，更加文雅時，閱讀便不再是一種折磨。

　　【Cells and Temperature】

　　Cells cannot remain alive outside certain limits of temperature and much narrower limits mark the boundaries of effective functioning.

　　Enzyme systems of mammals and birds are most efficient only within a narrow range around 37C;a departure of a few degrees from this value seriously impairs their functioning.

　　Even though cells can survive wider fluctuations the integrated actions of bodily systems are impaired. Other animals have a wider tolerance for changes of bodily temperature.

　　For centuries it has been recognized that mammals and birds differ from other animals in the way they regulate body temperature.

　　Ways of characterizing the difference have become more accurate and meaningful over time, but popular terminology still reflects the old division into “warm-blooded” and “cold-blooded” species; warm-blooded included mammals and birds whereas all other creatures were considered cold-blooded.

　　As more species were studied, it became evident that this classification was inadequate.

　　A fence lizard or a desert iguana—each cold-blooded----usually has a body temperature only a degree or two below that of humans and so is not cold.

　　Therefore the next distinction was made between animals that maintain a constant body temperature, called homeotherms, and those whose body temperature varies with their environments, called poikilotherms.

　　But this classification also proved inadequate, because among mammals there are many that vary their body temperatures during hibernation.

　　Furthermore, many invertebrates that live in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the depths of the ocean never experience change in the chill of the deep water, and their body temperatures remain constant.

　　細胞只能在一定的溫度范圍內存活，而進一步保證它們有效工作的溫度范圍就更小了。哺乳動物和鳥類的酶系統(tǒng)只能在37℃左右的很小范圍內才能有效工作。

　　與此相差僅幾度的溫度都會大大削弱它們的工作效率。盡管溫度變化更大時細胞仍能存活，但機體系統(tǒng)的整體運行能力卻被削弱了。其它動物對體溫的變化有更強的適應性。

　　幾個世紀以來，人們就認識到哺乳動物和鳥類調節(jié)體溫的方式與其它動物不同。隨著時間的推移，人們對這種差異的描述越來越精確和有意義，但是"暖血動物"和"冷血動物"這一古老的分類方式至今仍在大眾詞匯中有所反映。暖血動物包括哺乳動物和鳥類，其它動物統(tǒng)統(tǒng)被視為冷血動物。

　　但是對更多物種進行的研究表明這種分類顯然是不適當的。美洲一種小型蜥蜴和沙漠鬣蜥同屬冷血動物，但實際上它們的體溫通常只比人類的體溫低1～2度，因此并不是真正的冷血。

　　因此又出現了恒溫動物(即保持恒定體溫的動物)和變溫動物(即體溫隨外界環(huán)境的變化而改變的動物)這一區(qū)分方式。但這種分類也不恰當。

　　因為有不少哺乳動物在冬眠期間會改變體溫，而許多生活在深海的無脊椎動物在寒冷的深海水域中體溫并不變化，而是恒定的。

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