考博英語真題及答案

　　無論是在學(xué)校還是在社會中，我們總免不了要接觸或使用試題，試題是命題者按照一定的考核目的編寫出來的。一份好的試題都是什么樣子的呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的考博英語真題及答案，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。

　　考博英語真題及答案 1

　　PART 1 TRANSLATION (Chinese to English )

　　1.為了減緩交通，提高空氣質(zhì)量，北京頒布了新的交通規(guī)則。

　　To relieve the traffic and improve the air quality, new traffic regulations have been issued in Beijing.

　　考點(diǎn)一：減緩交通(relieve the traffic)

　　考點(diǎn)二：頒布(issue)

　　2.有可靠的證據(jù)表明，日光暴曬與皮膚癌之間有聯(lián)系。(evidence)

　　There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sunlight and skin cancer.

　　考點(diǎn)一：日光曝曬(exposure to sunlight)

　　考點(diǎn)二：“皮膚癌”一詞的翻譯

　　3.雖然他深知吸煙有害健康，但他對我們要他戒煙的忠告卻置若罔聞。(aware)

　　Tough he is aware that smoking is harmful to health, he is always turning a deaf ear to our advice that he give up smoking.

　　考點(diǎn)一：be aware of …的用法

　　考點(diǎn)二：be harmful to …的用法

　　考點(diǎn)三：對……置若罔聞(turn a deaf ear to)

　　4.科學(xué)家們不負(fù)眾望，成功發(fā)射了一枚人造衛(wèi)星。(live)

　　The scientists successfully launched a man-made satellite, living up to people’s expectation.

　　考點(diǎn)一：不負(fù)眾望(live up to people’s expectation)

　　考點(diǎn)二：發(fā)射衛(wèi)星(launch a satellite)

　　5.那場大霧直到11點(diǎn)鐘才散去，延誤了好幾十個航班。(It, dozen)

　　It was not until 11 o’clock that the heavy fog disappeared and it delayed dozens of flights.

　　考點(diǎn)一：It was not until…that…的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的'使用

　　考點(diǎn)二：好幾十個(dozens of)

　　6.書籍引導(dǎo)我們進(jìn)入優(yōu)秀的社會群體，將我們帶到偉大的思想家面前。讀書中我們耳聞目睹他們的言行舉止，仿佛見到了他們活生生的身影，我們同情他們的遭遇，與他們有東共享、有難同當(dāng)。他們的遭遇似乎也成為了我們的經(jīng)歷，使我們感到我們自己有點(diǎn)像在他們所描繪的情景中扮演角色。

　　Books introduce us into the best society; they bring us into the presence of the greatest minds that ever lived. We hear they said and did; we see them as if they were really alive; we sympathize with them, enjoy with them, grieve with them; their experience become ours, and we feel as if we were in the scenes which they describe.

　　7.名聲、財(cái)產(chǎn)和權(quán)利等都是身外之物，人人都可求而得之，但沒有人能夠代替你感受人生。如果你真正意識到這一點(diǎn)，你就會明白，人生在世最重要的事就是活出你自己的特色和滋味來。你的人生是否有意義，衡量的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是外在的成功，而是對人生意義的獨(dú)特領(lǐng)悟和追求。

　　Fame, wealth and power are merely worldly possessions within the reach of anybody striving for them. But your experience of life and feelings about life are your own and they could not be shared. A full awareness of this will point out you that the most important thing in your existence is your distinctive individuality or something special of yours. What really counts is not your worldly success but your peculiar insight into the meaning of life and your commitment to it.

　　PART 2 WRITING

　　Some people claim that the disadvantages of the car are more than the advantages,do you agree or disagree? You should write a composition no less than 200 words.

　　范文1

　　the birth of cars have made an enormous change to our life.in the past,we travel from one place to another only by foot,nowadays,cars can do it .its goes without saying that the invention of cars bring great benefit to all of us.but as proverb goes:no garden without weeds.car is not exception.

　　owing a car has a lot of advantages.for one thing,car provide us the most convenient way of transportation.we can get around freely without spending a lot of time.emotionally,i always found driving is so exciting.for another,its the comfortable to drive a car.In winter.drivers always can stay warm and dry even in rainy whether,in addition,drivers are usually safe in their cars when they are out at night.

　　Cars bring the human merits,their side-effects gradually come to the surface.firstly,to run a car need a lot of oil,which is getting less and less.the increasing number of cars contribute the lacking of energy.secondly,as more and more cars are used,the traffic especially in big cities is getting heaver and heavier,which lead to the serious social problem--traffic jam.in addition,the increasing numbers of cars ,which exhaust sent a huge quantities of carbon monoxide into atmosphere.it make the air of cities unbreathable,it strip people contact with fresh air.

　　therefore,the new energy should be explored to replace the oil so that our environment pollution can be avoided .and the strick law should be issued to keep the numbers of cars under control.thus,our heavier traffic can be solved!

　　范文2

　　Private cars vs Public traffic

　　As traffic problems become more and more serious in many cities of developed and developing countries, their governments have to try hard and loads of money and energy have been spent to deal with them.

　　Firstly, it is not efficient for the commuters to use their private cars to and back from their workplaces. Occasionally we can see they have to sit on the wheels wasting time and fuel in a heavy traffic jam. At the same time, through burning the fossil fuels, green house gas CO2, CO1, acid rain gas SO2, fumes and dusts are being released into the atmosphere, all of which heavily overload the environment. Thirdly, with the increase of private cars, the road traffic accidents are also rise dramatically. For example, in a city with 5000 cars, there will be at least 250 accidents happening everyday, which also burden the public healthy services.

　　On the contrary, expected public traffic may be an ideal solution to these problems. For example city buses and railways are widely used or being constructed by many cities. People can take buses easily, which can be found every 10 minutes or less in the peak time. Actually, Nottingham Transport Company is building its own light railway in the city, which is announced by the speak man of the company, “It will be completed in the next year, the tickets will be very competitive and at the same time the travel will be very safe and comfortable.”

　　On the other hand, public traffic had its own disadvantages. Usually it cannot provide door-to-door service. It is inconvenient to go shopping by public vehicles. Sometimes you must wait a long time for the train. And quite a lot of people prefer to enjoy driving.

　　In conclusion, developing the public traffic is a useful approach to deal with these difficulties. One possible way, if not the best, is to taxi private cars heavily and use these revenues to provide citizens cheaper public traffic services.

　　范文3

　　With the development of science and technology, the cars have already become the important component in our daily life gradually. Cars make our life convenient and swift. However, too many cars have caused very serious social problems. Some people claim that the disadvantages of car are more than the advantages. I doubt whether the argument can bear much analysis.

　　Since one century [ago], the auto industry has [been] developed at full speed worldwide, and has brought the enormous progresses to our life. For example, the car is the most convenient tool of transportation. We can [be] on and off duty by car every day, we can go to travel by car on the vacation, we can utilize the cars to deal with some emergency too. The car [is] playing an important role in our daily life. They make our rhythm of life faster and faster, make our business become more and more efficient.

　　On the other hand, the development of the automobile has brought a lot of infant industry to people, Give people countless employment opportunities too. Such as, manufacturing industry, repairing industry and maintaining industry. We are enjoying the convenience that the cars bring to us; at the same time we can utilize the auto industry to support ourselves.However, we can not ignore that too many cars cause enormous social problems, for example, traffic jam, air pollution, traffic accident, to which we have to find a solution.

　　In a word, the cars have brought enormous change to our life; the advantages are far more than the disadvantages. We should recognize the merit of the cars, and do our best to solve the problems. If so, our life will be brighter.

　　考博英語真題及答案 2

　　Part I Listening Comprehension (30%)

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section you will hear five conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear three questions about the conversation. The question will be spoken only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.

　　Now let’s begin.

　　Conversation One

　　1. A. Headache.

　　B. A broken leg.

　　C. Toothache.

　　D. Stomachache.

　　2. A. A month ago.

　　B. Two months ago.

　　C. A year ago.

　　D. Two years ago.

　　3. A. The woman’s medical history.

　　B. The woman’s recent activity.

　　C. The headache duration.

　　D. The woman’s family history of headaches.

　　Conversation Two

　　4. A. The merits of morning exercise.

　　B. The demerits of morning exercise.

　　C. The best time to work out.

　　D. The benefits to exercise.

　　5. A. People can have more free time in the morning.

　　B. People would do more exercise in the whole day.

　　C. People may need less food.

　　D. People may need less sleep.

　　6. A. People can absorb no fat.

　　B. People may feel more difficult to exercise after breakfast.

　　C. People’s daily metabolism may be decreased.

　　D. People can burn more calories.

　　Conversation Three

　　7. A. The woman’s husband.

　　B. The man’s dad.

　　C. The woman’s friend.

　　D. The man’s friend.

　　8. A. He quit smoking for ten years.

　　B. He coughed badly after quitting smoking.

　　C. His lungs can not function properly.

　　D. He was asked to quit smoking by the doctor.

　　9. A. His lungs may get wrong.

　　B. His lungs’ function may get to recover.

　　C. He may have the potential of suffering from lung cancer.

　　D. His lungs are filled with dead cells.

　　Conversation Four

　　10. A. An incurable disease.

　　B. Her parents’ divorce.

　　C. Her failed exams.

　　D. Her mental collapse.

　　11. A. She had many friends.

　　B. She failed exams at primary school.

　　C. She lost her parents.

　　D. Her parents got divorced.

　　12. A. To deal with the problems.

　　B. To communicate with her friends.

　　C. To find a new job.

　　D. To cheer up.

　　Conversation Five

　　13. A. It can reduce the need for insulin for diabetic patients.

　　B. It can make more insulin in our body.

　　C. It can make a hormone in our body.

　　D. It can prevent people from getting diabetes.

　　14. A. People without diabetes.

　　B. People with type 1 diabetes.

　　C. People with type 2 diabetes.

　　D. People who newly take insulin injections.

　　15. A. The group of medications for diabetes.

　　B. A natural hormone in our body.

　　C. The mechanism of action of GLP-1.

　　D. The process for the manufacture of GLP-1.

　　Section B

　　Directions:In this section you will hear five passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three questions about the passage. The question will be spoken only once. After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on theANSWER SHEET.

　　Passage One

　　16. A. The results of the screen tests are invalid.

　　B. The screen tests may have harmful radiation.

　　C. The unwarranted screen tests may do more harm than good to health.

　　D. The screen tests may have true positive results.

　　17. A. Overreaction.

　　B. Over-treatment.

　　C. Over-concern.

　　D. Inadequate treatment.

　　18. A. The other concerns of screening tests.

　　B. The clinical screening test for cancer in women.

　　C. The future of screening tests.

　　D. The testing advice for people without symptoms.

　　Passage Two

　　19. A. Women in certain ethnic groups.

　　B. Men in certain ethnic groups.

　　C. Young women groups.

　　D. Young men groups.

　　20. A. Arms.

　　B. Face.

　　C. Legs.

　　D. Genitals.

　　21. A. Most cases didn’t report fever.

　　B. The early symptoms were not obvious.

　　C. It caused headaches or malaise.

　　D. It appeared like flu.

　　Passage Three

　　22. A. Student evaluations.

　　B. Faculty evaluations.

　　C. Random evaluations.

　　D. Teaching process evaluations.

　　23. A. To set schedules.

　　B. To show their dissatisfaction.

　　C. To improve their learning performance.

　　D. As guides in their choice of instructors.

　　24. A. Lack of validity.

　　B. Possible abuses.

　　C. Don’t reflect student learning.

　　D. Inappropriate instruction.

　　Passage Four

　　25. A. An hour later.

　　B. Half an hour later.

　　C. 13 hours later.

　　D. 6 hours later.

　　26. A. To support cell activity.

　　B. To keep the pig alive.

　　C. To increase inflammation.

　　D. To reduce organ damage.

　　27. A. To help stimulate circulation.

　　B. To help increase the number of hearts available to heart patients.

　　C. To help increase the number of organs available to patients who need organ transplants.

　　D. To reduce the organ damage that resulted from lack of oxygen.

　　Passage Five

　　28. A. The shortage of nurses.

　　B. The shortage of doctors.

　　C. The shortage of medicines.

　　D. The shortage of vaccines.

　　29. A. The United States.

　　B. Switzerland.

　　C. Canada.

　　D. Britain.

　　30. A. Nursing workforce in rich countries comes mostly from poor countries.

　　B. Nursing workforce in poor countries receives more money than in rich countries.

　　C. Nursing workforce in poor countries is being exploited by rich countries.

　　D. Nursing workforce in poor countries is in great need of face coverings and vaccines.

　　考博英語真題及答案 3

　　Part I Listening Comprehension

　　Section A

　　Conversation One

　　M: Take a seat, please, Mrs. Smith.

　　W: Thank you.

　　M: What seems to be the problem?

　　W: I’ve been getting a very bad headache lately.

　　M: You say, lately. When exactly did it start?

　　W: About two months ago?

　　M: Did anything happen to you at that time? Did you have a fall, or a hit on the head or something like that?

　　W: Nothing I can remember. The headache just started.

　　M: Have you ever had headaches like this before?

　　W: Yes, but it was years ago, just after I got married. I was still trying to work, and we were living with my husband’s parents.

　　Question 1: What is the woman’s problem?

　　【試題答案】A

　　【試題解析】題干為：這位女士的問題是什么？由I’ve been getting a very bad headache lately.（我最近頭痛得很厲害。）可知，女士的問題是最近頭疼得很厲害。因此A選項(xiàng)“Headache.（頭痛。）”正確。

　　Question 2: When did the problem start?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：問題是什么時候開始的？由About two months ago?（大概兩個月前吧?）可知，頭疼大概是兩個月前開始的。因此B選項(xiàng)“Two months ago.（兩個月前。）”正確。

　　Question 3: What did the man want to learn later on in the talk?

　　【試題答案】A

　　【試題解析】題干為：在后面的談話中，男士想了解什么？由Have you ever had headaches like this before?（你以前有過這樣的頭痛嗎?）可知，男士想了解女士以前有沒有過這樣的頭痛經(jīng)歷，即詢問她的病史。因此A選項(xiàng)“The woman’s medical history.（女士的病史。）”正確。

　　Conversation Two

　　W: Could exercising at certain time help maximize our fitness goal?

　　M: Yes, there are clear benefits to exercising in the morning.

　　W: Why? We have less free time compared to later in the day. And it may therefore be harder to stick to a morning workout routine.

　　M: That’s true. But people who exercise in the morning could increase their physical activity throughout the day, they are less distracted by food and sleep better.

　　W: So good news for early birds.

　　M: Yeah. Exercising on an empty stomach before breakfast could also burn more fat and increase metabolism, which means we’ll continue to burn calories throughout the day.

　　Question 4: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

　　【試題答案】C

　　【試題解析】題干為：這兩位說話者主要在談?wù)撌裁�？由Could exercising at certain time help maximize our fitness goal?（在特定的時間鍛煉能幫助我們達(dá)到最大的健身目標(biāo)嗎?）和Yes, there are clear benefits to exercising in the morning.（是的，早上鍛煉有明顯的好處。）可知，兩人的對話是圍繞鍛煉的最佳時間這個話題展開的。因此C選項(xiàng)“The best time to work out.（鍛煉的最佳時間。）”正確。

　　Question 5: What is one reason that the man recommends morning exercising?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：男士建議晨練的原因是什么？由But people who exercise in the morning could increase their physical activity throughout the day, they are less distracted by food and sleep better.（但是早上鍛煉的人可以增加全天的體力活動，他們不會被食物分散注意力，睡眠也會更好。）可知，男士建議晨練的原因是可以增加全天的體力活動。因此B選項(xiàng)“People would do more exercise in the whole day.（人們會在一天中做更多的運(yùn)動。）”正確。

　　Question 6: According to the man, why is it good to exercise on an empty stomach?

　　【試題答案】D

　　【試題解析】題干為：根據(jù)這位男士的說法，為什么空腹鍛煉有益呢？由Exercising on an empty stomach before breakfast could also burn more fat and increase metabolism, which means we’ll continue to burn calories throughout the day.（早餐前空腹運(yùn)動還可以燃燒更多的脂肪，促進(jìn)新陳代謝，這意味著我們一整天都在繼續(xù)燃燒卡路里。）可知，空腹鍛煉可以讓人們一整天都在繼續(xù)燃燒卡路里。因此D選項(xiàng)“People can burn more calories.（人們可以燃燒更多的卡路里。）”正確。

　　Conversation Three

　　W: Good morning, I’m here to get some advice to quit smoking.

　　M: Are you smoking?

　　W: Oh no, it’s my husband. He has been smoking for ten years, and recently he always coughed. Is it related to smoking?

　　M: Of course it is. Chemicals in cigarette smoke irritate the air passages and lungs. When one smokes, the body tries to protect itself by making mucus and coughing.

　　W: I persuaded him to quit smoking, and he made it, but surprisingly, he increasingly coughed after then.

　　M: Yes, that means the lungs start to function properly again, and are working to clear tar, dead cells and extra mucus accumulated from cigarettes.

　　Question 7: Who was the smoker the two are talking about?

　　【試題答案】A

　　【試題解析】題干為：兩人說的吸煙者是誰？由Oh no, it’s my husband.（哦，不，是我丈夫。）可知，吸煙者是女士的丈夫。因此A選項(xiàng)“The woman’s husband.（女士的丈夫。）”正確。

　　Question 8: What can be learned about the smoker?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：關(guān)于吸煙者，可以了解到什么？由I persuaded him to quit smoking, and he made it, but surprisingly, he increasingly coughed after then.（我勸他戒煙，他成功了，但令人驚訝的是，之后他咳嗽得越來越厲害。）可知，吸煙者戒煙后咳得更厲害了。因此B選項(xiàng)“He coughed badly after quitting smoking.（他戒煙后咳嗽得很厲害。）”正確。

　　Question 9: Why did the smoker cough more according to the man?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：男士說為什么吸煙者咳嗽得更厲害？由that means the lungs start to function properly again, and are working to clear tar, dead cells and extra mucus accumulated from cigarettes.（這意味著肺部重新開始正常工作，并且正在努力清除焦油、死細(xì)胞和香煙積累的額外黏液。）可知，吸煙者咳嗽得更厲害是因?yàn)榉尾炕謴?fù)正常工作。因此B選項(xiàng)“His lungs’ function may get to recover.（他的肺部功能可能在恢復(fù)。）”正確。

　　Conversation Four

　　M: Hello, what can I do for you?

　　W: Well, I don’t think anyone can do anything for me.

　　M: Why?

　　W: I’m a total failure. I’m a failure at everything.

　　M: Why do you think you’re a failure?

　　W: Because I’ve successfully made things go wrong in my life. When I was a child, I ruined my parents’ marriage. As I grew up, I had few friends. At high school, I failed exams. I found myself a job, and then got sacked a few weeks later. Now, my boyfriend has just left me.

　　M: We all have problems, but have to cope with them and move on. Don’t be depressed.

　　Question 10: What brought the woman to the doctor?

　　【試題答案】D

　　【試題解析】題干為：是什么讓女士去看醫(yī)生？由I’m a total failure. I’m a failure at everything.（我是個徹頭徹尾的失敗者。我什么都做不好。）可知，許多事情累積的打擊讓她精神上崩潰了。因此D選項(xiàng)“Her mental collapse.（她精神崩潰了。）”正確。

　　Question 11: According to the woman, what seems to be true when she was a child?

　　【試題答案】D

　　【試題解析】題干為：根據(jù)這位女士的說法，什么似乎是在她小時候真實(shí)發(fā)生的？由When I was a child, I ruined my parents’ marriage.（當(dāng)我還是個孩子的時候，我毀了父母的婚姻。）可知，她認(rèn)為自己毀了父母的婚姻，即她父母在她小時候離婚了。因此D選項(xiàng)“Her parents got divorced.（她的父母離婚了。）”正確。

　　Question 12: What does the man advise the woman to do?

　　【試題答案】A

　　【試題解析】題干為：男士建議女士做什么？由We all have problems, but have to cope with them and move on.（我們都有問題，但必須克服它們，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。）可知，男士建議女士要克服問題，繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。因此A選項(xiàng)“To deal with the problems.（解決問題。）”正確。

　　Conversation Five

　　M: Do you know some medications on the market now that are non-insulin injectable?

　　W: Yeah, most of them fall into a group of medications called GLP-1. It is a hormone that our bodies make. People without diabetes have GLP-1 as well, and it prevents the breakdown of insulin.

　　M: So GLP-1 is already natural in our body. The medication just gives us more. How often could we give the injection?

　　W: Those are available once a day, once a week. We have a few options out there now. Usually, if someone is already taking insulin injections, they don’t mind as much taking the once daily injection. If someone is new to shots, it’s less scary giving the weekly injections.

　　Question 13: What is the function of GLP-1?

　　【試題答案】A

　　【試題解析】題干為：GLP-1的功能是什么？由It is a hormone that our bodies make. People without diabetes have GLP-1 as well, and it prevents the breakdown of insulin.（它是我們身體產(chǎn)生的一種激素。沒有糖尿病的人也有GLP-1，它可以防止胰島素的分解。）可知，GLP-1可以防止胰島素的分解，從而減少糖尿病患者對胰島素的需求量。因此A選項(xiàng)“It can reduce the need for insulin for diabetic patients.（它可以減少糖尿病患者對胰島素的需求。）”正確。

　　Question 14: Who are recommended to take the weekly injection of GLP-1?

　　【試題答案】D

　　【試題解析】題干為：推薦誰每周注射GLP-1？由If someone is new to shots, it’s less scary giving the weekly injections.（如果有人是第一次注射，那么每周注射一次就不那么可怕了。）可知，剛剛開始注射的糖尿病人可以選擇每周注射一次，從而不會過于害怕。因此D選項(xiàng)“People who newly take insulin injections.（新注射胰島素的人。）”正確。

　　Question 15: What are the two speakers mainly talking about?

　　【試題答案】C

　　【試題解析】題干為：兩位說話者主要在談?wù)撌裁�？由Do you know some medications on the market now that are non-insulin injectable?（你知道現(xiàn)在市場上有一些非胰島素注射的藥物嗎?）和Yeah, most of them fall into a group of medications called GLP-1.（是的`，大多數(shù)都屬于一組叫作GLP-1的藥物。）可知，男士一開始問現(xiàn)在市場上有哪些非胰島素注射藥物，女士回答這些藥物大多數(shù)屬于一種名為GLP-1的藥物，接下來的內(nèi)容都是在圍繞這個話題展開，談到了什么是GLP-1類藥物、它的作用、它的注射頻率，所以本對話討論的是GLP-1藥物的作用及使用機(jī)制。因此C選項(xiàng)“The mechanism of action of GLP-1.（GLP-1的作用機(jī)制。）”正確。

　　Section B

　　Passage One

　　Today, there are thousands of lab tests and imaging procedures to screen for illnesses, but more screening doesn’t always equal better health. In fact, unwarranted laboratory tests do more harm than good. For example, many screening tests come back with false positives that may cause needless anxiety and include expensive imaging testing, even invasive procedures. A primary concern is over-treatment of true positive screening test. One example is the PSA test for prostate cancer. Although the PSA may lead to the detection of prostate cancer. In many men, cancer will never cause harm if left alone and treatment is both useless and fraught with side effects. This doesn’t mean you should give up medical test altogether. For people who have symptoms, the proper use of advanced tests and procedures enables detection and treatment of important medical conditions.

　　Question 16: According to the passage, why does more screening not always equal better health?

　　【試題答案】C

　　【試題解析】題干為：根據(jù)文章，為什么更多的篩查并不總是意味著更好的健康？文章開頭提出but more screening doesn’t always equal better health（但更多的篩查并不總是意味著更好的健康），接著解釋道In fact, unwarranted laboratory tests do more harm than good.（事實(shí)上，未經(jīng)授權(quán)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室測試弊大于利。），說明未經(jīng)授權(quán)的篩查測試危害更大。因此C選項(xiàng)“The unwarranted screen tests may do more harm than good to health.（未經(jīng)授權(quán)的篩查測試可能對健康弊大于利。）”正確。

　　Question 17: What is the main concern even with true positive tests?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：即使是真陽性檢測，主要的關(guān)注點(diǎn)是什么？由A primary concern is over-treatment of true positive screening test.（一個主要問題是真陽性篩查檢測的過度治療。）可知，針對真陽性篩查檢測的一個主要問題是過度治療。因此B選項(xiàng)“Over-treatment.（過度治療。）”正確。

　　Question 18: What will be probably discussed next in the passage?

　　【試題答案】D

　　【試題解析】題干為：這篇文章接下來可能會討論什么？本文在首句指出討論的核心是“更多的篩查并不總是意味著更多的健康”，然后分別從“未經(jīng)授權(quán)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢測弊大于利”以及“針對真陽性篩查檢測的過度治療”兩個方面來說明，指出其弊端后，文章轉(zhuǎn)至“這并不意味著你應(yīng)該完全放棄醫(yī)學(xué)檢查”，指出有些篩查的必要性，所以在說明了有癥狀的患者篩查的必要性后，應(yīng)該要討論篩查對于無癥狀的健康人員的必要性。因此D選項(xiàng)“The testing advice for people without symptoms.（對無癥狀人群的檢測建議。）”正確。

　　Passage Two

　　A detailed analysis of monkeypox case records published by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday offers new insight into the outbreak, which is disproportionately affecting men of certain ethnic groups. Additional analysis shows that all of the patients had a rash. However, a genital rash was more commonly reported in the current outbreak than in typical monkeypox. It was the most common location for rash, followed by arms, face and legs. More than a third of cases reported rash in four or more regions. Early warning signs of illness, however, were less common in the current outbreak. In about two in five cases, the illness started with the rash, but no reported early symptoms, such as chills, headache or malaise. About two in five cases also did not report fever.

　　Question 19: In which of the following groups is monkeypox more likely to occur?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：下列哪一組更容易發(fā)生猴痘？由which is disproportionately affecting men of certain ethnic groups.（對某些種族群體的男性影響尤為嚴(yán)重。）可知，某些種族群體的男性更容易發(fā)生猴痘。因此B選項(xiàng)“Men in certain ethnic groups.（某些種族的男性。）”正確。

　　Question 20: Where was the rash most commonly found in the reported patients?

　　【試題答案】D

　　【試題解析】題干為：在報(bào)告的患者中，皮疹最常出現(xiàn)在哪里？由However, a genital rash was more commonly reported in the current outbreak than in typical monkeypox.（然而，在目前的爆發(fā)中，生殖器皮疹比典型的猴痘更為常見。）可知，皮疹最常出現(xiàn)在生殖器。因此D選項(xiàng)“Genitals.（生殖器。）”正確。

　　Question 21: What was true of the early warning signs of the current outbreak?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：當(dāng)前疫情的早期預(yù)警信號是怎樣的？文章指出Early warning signs of illness, however, were less common in the current outbreak.（然而，在目前的疫情中，疾病的早期預(yù)警信號并不常見。），接著提到2/5的病例沒有寒戰(zhàn)、頭痛或乏力等早期癥狀，2/5的病例沒有發(fā)燒的早期癥狀。因此B選項(xiàng)“The early symptoms were not obvious.（早期癥狀不明顯。）”正確。

　　Passage Three

　　The evaluation of faculty teaching by students has come to be a popular measure of teaching effectiveness, and, often, a major consideration for promotion, and merit at most colleges and universities. Student evaluations of faculty are typically based on forms that are filled out anonymously by students in a classroom, using formal, well defined and controlled processes. This study explores the usefulness and validity of self-selected online student ratings of faculty. These ratings appear to be increasing in importance, particularly as students use them as guides in their choice of instructors. Validity is investigated by analyzing the patterns of relationships of online ratings for 399 randomly selected faculty. Analysis suggests that online ratings in their current form may be useful, though possible abuses could limit validity in specific instances. Does the pattern of relationships between self-selected online student ratings reflect student learning or a halo effect?

　　Question 22: Currently, what is the popular way for teaching evaluation in higher education?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：目前，高等教育教學(xué)評價的流行方式是什么？由The evaluation of faculty teaching by students has come to be a popular measure of teaching effectiveness, and, often, a major consideration for promotion, and merit at most colleges and universities.（學(xué)生對教師教學(xué)的評價已經(jīng)成為衡量教師教學(xué)效果的一種普遍方法，而且在大多數(shù)學(xué)院和大學(xué)里，這往往是晉升和業(yè)績的主要考量因素。）可知，高等教育教學(xué)評價的流行方式是學(xué)生對教師教學(xué)的評價。因此B選項(xiàng)“Faculty evaluations.（教師評價。）”正確。

　　Question 23: For what purpose do the students mainly use the ratings?

　　【試題答案】D

　　【試題解析】題干為：學(xué)生使用評分的主要目的是什么？由These ratings appear to be increasing in importance, particularly as students use them as guides in their choice of instructors.（這些評分的重要性似乎越來越大，尤其是當(dāng)學(xué)生們將其作為選擇教師的指導(dǎo)時。）可知，學(xué)生主要靠評分來選擇教師。因此D選項(xiàng)“As guides in their choice of instructors.（作為他們選擇教師的指導(dǎo)。）”正確。

　　Question 24: What might be an unexpected outcome of students’ ratings?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：學(xué)生的評分可能會有什么意想不到的結(jié)果？由Analysis suggests that online ratings in their current form may be useful, though possible abuses could limit validity in specific instances.（分析表明，目前形式的在線評分可能是有用的，盡管在特定情況下可能被濫用會限制其有效性。）可知，學(xué)生評分可能帶來的一個意想不到的結(jié)果是在某些情況下學(xué)生評分的濫用會限制評分的有效性。因此B選項(xiàng)“Possible abuses.（可能的濫用。）”正確。

　　Passage Four

　　Researchers say experiments on pig tissue suggest that tissue can be preserved and cells can regain the ability to work an hour after death. In the experiment, the researchers stopped the hearts of several pigs. After an hour, the animals were attached to a specialized machine, which pumped a kind of fluid through their bodies. The fluid contains some blood and about 13 chemicals meant to support cell activity and decrease inflammation. Six hours later, the treatment had reduced or canceled some of the organ damage that resulted from lack of oxygen. The results showed that when the heart stops, the body is not as dead as we previously assumed. The process of repairing cells began once circulation was brought back. The experimental technology is expected to help increase the number of organs available to patients who need organ transplants.

　　Question 25: When did the researchers begin to repair the function of the damage organs after pigs’ death?

　　【試題答案】A

　　【試題解析】題干為：在豬死后，研究人員什么時候開始修復(fù)受損器官的功能？由In the experiment, the researchers stopped the hearts of several pigs. After an hour, the animals were attached to a specialized machine, which pumped a kind of fluid through their bodies.（在實(shí)驗(yàn)中，研究人員讓幾頭豬的心臟停止跳動。一個小時后，這些動物被連接到一個專門的機(jī)器上，機(jī)器將一種液體泵入它們的身體。）可知，豬死后一個小時，研究人員就開始進(jìn)行相關(guān)的操作了。因此A選項(xiàng)“An hour later.（一個小時后）”正確。

　　Question 26: What is the function of the fluid pumped through the pig’s body?

　　【試題答案】A

　　【試題解析】題干為：泵入豬體內(nèi)的液體的作用是什么？由The fluid contains some blood and about 13 chemicals meant to support cell activity and decrease inflammation.（這種液體含有一些血液和大約13種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，旨在支持細(xì)胞活動和減少炎癥。）可知，這些液體的作用是支持細(xì)胞活動并減少炎癥。因此A選項(xiàng)“To support cell activity.（支持細(xì)胞活動。）”正確。

　　Question 27: How could the experimental technology benefit patients?

　　【試題答案】C

　　【試題解析】題干為：實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)如何使患者受益？由The experimental technology is expected to help increase the number of organs available to patients who need organ transplants.（這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)有望幫助需要器官移植的患者增加可用器官的數(shù)量。）可知，這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)有望幫助需要器官移植的患者增加可用器官的數(shù)量。因此C選項(xiàng)“To help increase the number of organs available to patients who need organ transplants.（幫助需要器官移植的病人獲得更多的器官。）”正確。

　　Passage Five

　　An international organization of Healthcare Workers is worried that a shortage of nurses and the Covid-19 pandemic will worsen healthcare problems for poor countries. The International Council of Nurses represents 27 million nurses worldwide. The Council found even before the pandemic, there was already a shortage of 6 million nurses, with 90% of the shortages in poor countries. Howard Catton leads the Switzerland-based organization. He said increased infections caused by the Omicron variant made the nursing shortage even worse. Now, rich countries, including the United States, Canada and Britain, are offering nurses from poor countries more money to come. Rich countries are taking advantage of poor countries, which educated the nurses, but now cannot use their skills at home. The situation can be compared to a time when wealthy nations bought more face coverings and vaccines than they needed. If they do that with the nursing workforce, it will just make the inequity even worse.

　　Question 28: According to the passage, what problem worsens the health care in poor countries?

　　【試題答案】A

　　【試題解析】題干為：根據(jù)文章，什么問題惡化了貧窮國家的衛(wèi)生保健？由An international organization of Healthcare Workers is worried that a shortage of nurses and the Covid-19pandemic will worsen healthcare problems for poor countries.（一個國際醫(yī)療工作者組織擔(dān)心，護(hù)士短缺和Covid-19疫情將加劇貧窮國家的醫(yī)療問題。）可知，護(hù)士短缺和Covid-19疫情惡化了貧窮國家的衛(wèi)生保健。因此A選項(xiàng)“The shortage of nurses.（護(hù)士短缺。）”正確。

　　Question 29: Where is the International Council of Nurses based?

　　【試題答案】B

　　【試題解析】題干為：國際護(hù)士理事會設(shè)在哪里？由Howard Catton leads the Switzerland-based organization.（霍華德卡頓領(lǐng)導(dǎo)著這家總部位于瑞士的組織。）可知，國際護(hù)士理事會設(shè)在瑞士。因此B選項(xiàng)“Switzerland.（瑞士。）”正確。

　　Question 30: According to the passage, what is true of nursing workforce in rich and poor countries?

　　【試題答案】C

　　【試題解析】題干為：根據(jù)文章，富國和窮國的護(hù)理人員的情況是什么？文章指出，富裕國家出更多的錢來雇傭貧窮國家的護(hù)士，貧困國家培養(yǎng)了這些護(hù)士，但他們的技能卻不能被用于本國，而是被富國所占用了。因此C選項(xiàng)“Nursing workforce in poor countries is being exploited by rich countries.（貧窮國家的護(hù)理人員正在被富裕國家剝削。）”正確。

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