大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)常用語(yǔ)法精選
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)常用語(yǔ)法精選(17)
might 表示請(qǐng)求:
Might I ask for a photograph of your baby? (比May I …更客氣一些)
can't, couldn't表示否定的推測(cè):
She can't be serious.
A more suitable book can't be found. (It is not possible to find a more suitable book.)
He couldn't (can't) be over fifty.
should, ought to: 表示應(yīng)該做的事, ought to比should口氣稍重一些.
You should (ought to) do as he says.
You shouldn't (oughtn't to) talk like that.
但這兩者間也有一些差別, 在表示責(zé)任, 義務(wù)等該做的事情時(shí), 常用ought to, 在表示某件事宜于做時(shí), 多用should, 在下面的句子中這兩個(gè)詞就不宜換用:
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.
will, would
shall, should表示意愿
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接進(jìn)行式, 完成式和完成進(jìn)行式:
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以和動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行式構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ), 表示”應(yīng)該正在……”, “想必正在……”這類意思:
Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?
This isn't what I ought to be doing.
She might still be thinking about the question you raised.
They must (may) be waiting for us, let’s hurry up.
They can't be using the room now.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)和動(dòng)詞的完成形式構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ), 表示”應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)……”, “想必已經(jīng)……”這類意思:
I should have thought of that.
They shouldn't have left so soon.
She must have arrived by now.
You needn't have told them that.
Where can (could) he have gone?
He can't have finished the work so soon.
He may not have achieved all his aims. But his effort is praise-worthy.
We ought to have give you more help.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞間或也可以和一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的完成進(jìn)行式構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ),表示”應(yīng)當(dāng)一直在……”, “想必一直在……”這類意思:
They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.
They may have been discussing the problem this morning.
You should have been waiting for us. Why haven't you?
She couldn't have been swimming all day.
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)(4)
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過(guò)程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來(lái)打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來(lái)了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
6. I should like to rent a house， modern， comfortable and _B_ in a quiet neighborhood.
A all in all B above all C after all D over all
all in all 總而言之;above all 首先，尤其是;after all 畢竟，終究;overall 全面的，總體的
in a word 總之，in short 簡(jiǎn)而言之，in conclusion 最后，總之，to sum up總之，總而言之。
7. _B_ we have finished the course， we shall start doing more revision work.
A For now B Now that C Ever since D By now
now that 既然，由于(相當(dāng)于since); ever since 自從…以來(lái)。
與that搭配且后面可以加句子的幾個(gè)表達(dá)形式：
now that 既然，由于; in that 因?yàn)? except that 除…之外。
except后面加名詞或代詞;except that后面加句子。
8. What you have done is _D_ the doctor’s orders.
A attached to B responsible to C resistant to D contrary to
be attached to 連接，附屬; This school is attached to Beida. 這所學(xué)校附屬于北大。
responsible to 對(duì)…負(fù)有責(zé)任; resistant adj. 反抗的，抵抗的; water resistant 防水的。
be contrary to 與。。相反(相違背)。
9. John regretted _A_ to the meeting last week.
A not going B not to go C not having been going D not to be going
regret doing 后悔做過(guò)某事; regret to do sth. 遺憾的做某事(應(yīng)用語(yǔ)境非常有限)。
10. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are _B_.
A out of work B out of stock C out of reach D out of practice
out of work 失業(yè); out of reach 夠不著 within reach 夠得著; out of practice 缺乏練習(xí)。
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)(3)
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過(guò)時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺(tái)]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過(guò)程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來(lái)打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來(lái)了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)(2)
短語(yǔ)部分沒(méi)有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，則短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語(yǔ))
句子的主語(yǔ)決定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，則使用過(guò)去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：
第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情。
注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：凡是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的后面可以加動(dòng)名詞，就可以加動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
動(dòng)作發(fā)出者 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者名字給出時(shí)：名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞;當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在文章中出現(xiàn)，且動(dòng)作發(fā)出者在前文中提過(guò)時(shí)：形容詞物主代詞(賓格)+ 動(dòng)名詞。
形容詞物主代詞：his， her， my， your， their， our。代詞賓格：him， her， me， you， us， them。
第二點(diǎn)：want 想要; want to do sth. 想做某事; want doing 客觀需要或缺乏。
例. Your hair wants _B_. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut
1. The children went there to watch the iron tower _D_.
A to erect B be erected C erecting D being erected
watch 看電視用，看比賽用; see 看電影用;
感官動(dòng)詞watch， see， hear; 感官動(dòng)詞 + 名詞(代詞)+ do
be erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的結(jié)果; being erected 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的過(guò)程。
2. The engine _D_ smoke and steam.
A gives up B gives in C gives away D gives off
give up 放棄; give in 屈服，讓步; give off 釋放，放出(煙和氣體);
give away 泄露，走漏風(fēng)聲;婚禮中新郎的父親把新娘的手交給新郎的過(guò)程;贈(zèng)送禮品。
3. The manager promised to keep me _C_ of how our business was going on.
A to be informed B on informing C informed D informing
keep sb. + 分詞; inform v. 通知，告知; inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某件事情
keep me informed 使我被告知。
4. The goals _B_ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.
A after which B for which C with which D at which
fight with sb. (注意要看整個(gè)句子); fight with + 工具 用該工具來(lái)打仗。 fight for 為…而戰(zhàn)。
I fight with him. 我和他打起來(lái)了。 I fight with him against her. 我和他并肩對(duì)付她。
5. They _C_ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
A carried out B carried off C carried on D carried forward
in spite of 盡管; carry on 堅(jiān)持，繼續(xù)。
注意：want doing 中doing表示的是被動(dòng)含義。
例. This room is so dirty that it wants _A_.
A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned
第三點(diǎn)：mean 意味; mean to do sth. 打算做某事，意欲… ;mean doing 意味著，…的意思是…
例. There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _B_ trouble. [reception desk 接待臺(tái)]
A making B to make C to have made D having made
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo)(1)
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與獨(dú)立主格：短語(yǔ)，句子(或者句子，短語(yǔ))
當(dāng)短語(yǔ)部分有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，并且該主語(yǔ)不同于句子主語(yǔ)，這時(shí)短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格。(它最明顯的特點(diǎn)是短語(yǔ)部分有獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ))。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)1：名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞]
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)的，正在進(jìn)行的行為;過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的，已經(jīng)完成的行為。 作題時(shí)要通過(guò)判斷動(dòng)作與名詞(代詞)之間的關(guān)系來(lái)確定是使用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞。當(dāng)動(dòng)作由名詞(代詞)發(fā)出時(shí)使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而名詞(代詞)是受動(dòng)者時(shí)則用過(guò)去分詞。
1. Silver is the best conductor of electricity， copper _B_ it closely.
A followed B following C to follow D being followed
2. All things _A_， the planned trip will have to be called off.
A considered B be considered C considering D having considered
call off 取消; cancel vt. 取消; 四級(jí)中的考點(diǎn)就是現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別。
獨(dú)立主格的結(jié)構(gòu)2：with + 名詞(代詞)+ 分詞 [句子當(dāng)中作狀語(yǔ)]
3. After the Arab states won independence， great emphasis was laid on expanding education， with girls as well as boys _C_ to go to school.
A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged
as well as 和(相當(dāng)于and); be encouraged不會(huì)考。
動(dòng)詞不定式有預(yù)示將來(lái)行為的含義。to be encouraged 將要被鼓勵(lì);
been encouraged 已經(jīng)被鼓勵(lì)完了，與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相對(duì);being encouraged 正在被鼓勵(lì)
短語(yǔ)部分沒(méi)有獨(dú)立主語(yǔ)，則短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：分詞(分詞短語(yǔ))
句子的主語(yǔ)決定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的分詞是用主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)形式。如果是句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出動(dòng)作，則使用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，則使用過(guò)去分詞。
1.No matter how frequently _A_， the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
A performed B performing C to be performed D being performed
perform vt. 表演，演出，演奏;
to be performed 將要被演奏; being performed 正在被演奏;
一些特殊的動(dòng)詞：
第一點(diǎn)：forget 忘記; [反義] remember 記得;
這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞不定式表示將要進(jìn)行的行為;這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式表示已經(jīng)做過(guò)的事情。
注意：動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞形式一樣，但含義不同。這兩個(gè)詞后加動(dòng)詞ing形式都是動(dòng)名詞。
forget to do sth. 忘記要去做某事; forget doing sth. 忘記做過(guò)某事;
remember to do sth. 記得要去做某事; remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事;
2. I remember _B_ to help us if we ever got into trouble.
A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him
offer vt. 提出，提供; offer sb. sth. / offer to do sth.
him once offering 如果改成 his once offering 也正確。
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