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大學(xué)英語AB級(jí)重點(diǎn)語法結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)習(xí)
導(dǎo)語：大學(xué)英語AB級(jí)專科生必考的測(cè)試，因此我們要重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)一下英語的語法，不然久不碰英語的考生連最基本的語法都會(huì)忘記。下面YJBYS小編分享大學(xué)英語AB級(jí)重點(diǎn)語法結(jié)構(gòu)，歡迎參考!
一、 時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)
考察重點(diǎn)：
▲過去完成時(shí)：常和before, after, until, when 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句連用，其謂語動(dòng)作一般表示過去。(by the time/the end of )+ 表示過去時(shí)間的短語或句子。
hardly/scarcely +過去完成時(shí)+when+過去時(shí);
no sooner + 過去完成時(shí) + than + 過去時(shí)
▲ 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
狀語詞組：this day (week, month, year), so far, for some time, up to now, up to the present, all this year 等。
▲ 將來完成時(shí)：常和before, until , when, after 等詞連用，其謂語動(dòng)作一般表示將來。by (the time/end of )+表示將來的時(shí)間或句子。
1) By the end of this month, we surely ____a satisfactory solution to the problem.
A. have found B. will be finding C. will have found D. are finding
2) It seems oil ____ from this pipe for some time. We’ll have to take the machine apart to put it high.
A. have leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking
3) the conference ____ a full week by the time it ends.
A. must have lasted B. will have lasted C. would last D. has lasted
4) Until then, ____ his family from him for six months.
A. didn’t hear B. hasn’t been hearing
C. hasn’t heard D. hadn’t heard
二、 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞測(cè)試重點(diǎn)：
▲ should (ought to) +have +p.p. (應(yīng)該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生的事情)
▲ might(could)+have +p.p. (過去可能發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生的事情)
▲ must+have +p.p. (對(duì)過去事件的推論) 只用于肯定句。否定句用can’t , can.
1) The room is in a terrible mess; it __________ cleaned.
A. can’t have been B. shouldn’t have been
B. mustn’t have been D. wouldn’t have been
2) With all this work on hand, he ____ to the cinema last night.
A. mustn’t go B. wouldn’t go
C. oughtn’t go D. shouldn’t have gone
三、 動(dòng)詞不定式
考察重點(diǎn)：不定式的完成式，進(jìn)行式和被動(dòng)式。
1) Mrs. Brown is supposed ____ for
A. to have left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. to have been left
2) I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem____ all the time.
A. to get worse B. getting worse
C. to have got worse D. to be getting worse
3) This book is said _____ into dozens of languages in the last decade.
A. to have been translated B. to translate
C. to be translated D. to have translated
四、 分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)
(一) 分詞作狀語
當(dāng)分詞作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般須與句子的主語保持一致，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步和伴隨�，F(xiàn)在分詞和主句中的主語有主動(dòng)關(guān)系，過去分詞和主句中的主語有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
1) Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ______.
A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded
2) _____ such a good chance, he planed to learn more.
A. To be given B. Having been given C. Having given D. Giving
3) Heated，water changes into steam. (時(shí)間狀語)
當(dāng)受熱時(shí)，水就變成了蒸汽。
4) Not knowing how to deal with the problem, I turned to the teacher for help. (原因)
由于不知道如何處理這個(gè)問題，我向老師求助。
5) Being ill, the girl still came to class yesterday. (讓步)
雖然病了，這個(gè)女孩仍然來上課了。
6)His father died, leaving his son nothing. (結(jié)果)
他父親死了，給他的兒子什么都沒留下。
(二)分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
當(dāng)分詞短語作作狀語時(shí)，其邏輯主語一般與句子的主語不一致，分詞短語前需帶其本身的邏輯主語，構(gòu)成分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨情況等。
1)His voice _______，he said he was too upset to say any more.
A)shake B)be shaking
C)was shaking D)shaking
2)Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.
冬天來了，天氣越來越冷了。
3) More time given, we should have done it much better. 如果給我們更多的時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。
4) Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.
她干完了活，坐下來喝茶。(時(shí)間)
5)The condition being favorable, he may succeed.(條件)
若條件有利，他或許能成功。
6)There being no taxis, we had to walk.(表示原因)
沒有出租車，我們只好步行。
7)Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. (伴隨情況)
幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，而銀則是最好的導(dǎo)體
(三)分詞短語作定語和賓補(bǔ)
1)The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.
A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing
2) The first text book _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. written B. to be written C. writing D. being written
3) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.( 前置定語---被動(dòng)意義)
4) They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. (完成意義)
5) Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night? (后置定語)
6) Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise
(四)With+名詞(代詞)+ V-ed/ V-ing
1). John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______, he gladly accepted it.
A. finished B. finishing
C. having finished D. was finished
2). I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise _______.
A. going on B. goes on
C. went on D. to go on
(五) 動(dòng)名詞
考察重點(diǎn)
只跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞：risk, finish, miss, mind, avoid, dislike, enjoy, practice, admit, hate, escape, appreciate, consider, deny , fancy, favor, delay, suggest, imagine, mention, postpone, excuse, involve, confess, include, acknowledge, understand,
To作介詞后面接ing分詞常見幾個(gè)詞組：
be accustomed to, be used to doing, devote oneself to doing
object to, look forward to狀語從句
1)They are considering ____ before the prices go up.
A. of buying the house B. with buying the house
C. buying the house D. to buy the house
2) it’s no use ____ me not to worry.
A. you tell B. your telling C. for you to have told D. having told
difficulty
trouble
have a good/hard time (in) +v-ing
no business
please
(六) 定語從句
考察重點(diǎn)：
▲ that, as, when, where, which, whose 引導(dǎo)的定語從句
▲ 名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)+of +which /whom
▲ 介詞 + which/whose/whom
1) A child ____ parents are dead is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’s C. whose D. which
2) The train ____ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
3) Some of the roads were flooded, ___ made our journey more difficult.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
4) He has two sons, ___ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom
C. both of which D. all of whom
5) ____ might be expected, the response to the question was vey mixed.
A. As B. That C. It D. What
(七) 狀語從句
考察重點(diǎn)：
1)時(shí)間狀語從句的名詞詞組：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day, the instant
2) 原因狀語從句的連詞：as, seeing that (), in that, considering that, for the reason that, now that, given that, because, since, as, for
3) 目的狀語從句：lest, in case, in order that, for fear that, for the purpose that
4) 條件狀語從句：as/so long as, unless，only if, providing/provided that(假若), suppose that, in case that, on condition that， assuming that，(假定)，suppose/supposing that (假使)
5)比較狀語從句：the more …the more, than(不同程度的比較) , as(同級(jí)比較)
6)讓步狀語從句：though, although, even if, even though，as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝), while ( 一般用在句首 ), no matter …, in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, etc.
1). We won’t give up ______________we should fail ten times.
A. even if B. since C. whether D. until
2) We had hardly got to the station __________it began no rain.
A. until B. since C. while D. when
3) . Father was ________busy in working __________he often forgot rest or meals.
A. very, that B. so, that C. such, as D. enough, as
4) . He always thinks I’m wrong, _____________I may say.
A. no matter whatever B. whatever C. what D. that
5) Not until I began to work __________how much time I had wasted.
A. didn’t I realize B. did I realize
C.I didn’t realize D. I realized
(八) 虛擬語氣
在下列表示具有請(qǐng)求、建議、愿望、命令等主觀意向的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞、過去分詞等之后的從句中，需用虛擬語氣。形式是“should+動(dòng)詞原形”或者省去“should”, 直接用動(dòng)詞原形。
1. 虛擬語氣用于賓語從句
常用動(dòng)詞有：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持(insist);
兩個(gè)命令(order, command);
四項(xiàng)要求(demand, desire, require, request);
四條建議(advise, suggest, propose, recommend)。
1)The guard at the gate insisted that everyone __________ the rules.
A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey
2) He ordered that the medicine (should) be sent by a special plane. 他命令用專機(jī)來運(yùn)送藥品。
2. 用于主語從句
常用形容詞：necessary, important, essential, desirable, advisable, imperative(迫切的), urgent, preferable, vital, insistent, crucial(緊要關(guān)頭), strange(不可思議的)
常用的分詞：suggested, proposed, demanded, required, requested，desired, ordered, recommended, insisted, asked, resolved等
1)、It is vital that enough money____ to fund the project.
A)be collected B)must be collected
C)is collected D)can be collected
2)、It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made.
A)is not started B)will not be started
C)is not to be started D)not be started
3. 虛擬語氣用于表語從句和同位語從句
常見的名詞有：suggestion, advise, proposal, order, decision, request, requirement, necessity, desire, demand, idea, motion, necessity, insistence, instruction, plan, preference, recommendation, resolution
1) My suggestion is that we (should) send a few people to help the other group.
我的建議是我們派幾個(gè)人去幫相別的小組。
2) This was his order that we stay where we were.
4 虛擬語氣用于狀語從句
1)_____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A. Had they arrived B. Were they arriving
C. Would they arrive D. Were they to arrive
2) The tree looked as if it ____for a long time.
A. hasn’t watered B. didn’t water
C. hadn’t been watered D. wasn’t watered
5 虛擬語氣的其它用法
1)It is (high, about) time…句型，表示“早該干某事而已有些晚了”。If only 引起的感嘆句，表示“但愿，該。。。就搞了”。
1) It’s time ____ about the traffic problem downtown.
A. something was done B. anything will be done
C. everything is done D. nothing to be done
2) Look at the terrible situation I am in! if only I ____ your advice.
A. follow B. had followed C. would follow D. have followed
2) 條件暗含在with, without, but for, or , otherwise, except for , under the condition, in the position of 等介詞短語中，謂語一般要用should+動(dòng)詞原形或省略should, 直接用動(dòng)詞原形。
1)____ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.
A. In spite of B. In case of C. But for D. Because of
2) We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we _____ him.
A. would have telephoned B. must have telephoned
C. would telephone D. had telephoned
3) He must have had an accident, or he _______ then.
A. would have been here B. had to be here
C. should be here D. would be here
3. lest, for fear that, in order that, in case 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。
1) The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell (軟墊小室) lest he ___ himself. (A)
A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure
4. wish, would rather/sooner/as soon后的賓語從句。
I’d rather you _____ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. don’t B. wouldn’t C. didn’t D. shouldn’t
九、主謂一致
重點(diǎn)：語法上一致就是謂語動(dòng)詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。
▲ 如果主語為單數(shù)而后面跟有with， together with，along with, combined with, in addition to, except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引起的短語，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式;若主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
▲ 如果主語是由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞且前面有every, each, no等詞修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：Every boy and girl in this region is taught to read and write.
▲ Many a (an/another)+名詞;more than one + 名詞等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：more than one person was involved in the case.
▲ The number (variety of ) + 名詞作主語;an amount of (a deal of/plenty of )+不可數(shù)名詞;a quality of +不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)。
▲ 由“and”連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語，and后面：的名詞若不加冠詞，常指同一個(gè)人或事物，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：the secretary and manager(書記兼經(jīng)理)。
▲ 以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞如表示的是一門學(xué)科，動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，如指特定事物，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
▲ 由連詞or, either…nor, not only…but also, nor 等連接的兩個(gè)名詞或代詞，謂語形式應(yīng)采用毗鄰一致的原則，即謂語與鄰近的主語一致。
1) How close parents are to their children______ a strong influence on the character of the children.
A. have B. has C. having D. to have
十、倒裝
▲重點(diǎn)：only+副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句引出的句子。
▲以never, little, nowhere, rarely, seldom, scarcely, hardly, no sooner, in no case, at no time, on no account, under no circumstances, by no means等引導(dǎo)的句子。
1)Only by shouting at the top of his voice _____.
A. was he able to make himself hear.
B. he was able to make himself, hear.
C. he was able to make himself heard.
D. was he able to make himself heard.
2) She never laughed, _____ lose her temper.
A. or she ever did B. nor did she ever
C. or did she ever D. nor she ever did
十一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that +句子的其它成分。
例如：_______ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.
A. That was from Stephen B. It was Stephen whom
C. It was from Stephen that D. It was Stephen that
十二、反義疑問句
重點(diǎn)：
▲當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是everyone, everybody, someone, no one, somebody, nobody 等合成詞，其含義相當(dāng)于漢語的人的集合時(shí)，附加疑問句的代詞用復(fù)數(shù)they 來代替。當(dāng)陳述部分的主語為everything, nothing, anything, something時(shí)，疑問句部分中的主語要用it。如nobody came to see me, did they?
▲如果陳述部分是I’m …結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問句部分一般用aren’t I. 如I’m stupid, aren’t I ?
▲祈使句后可加一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短問句，使口氣變得客氣一些。
Don’t forget to walk the dog while I am away, _____ ?
A. can you B. has been C. do you D. will you
十三、代詞
本部分考察重點(diǎn)是不定代詞
▲many, much, little, few 都是表示數(shù)量的代詞。Many , few 用作可數(shù)名詞，作主語或賓語時(shí)，可指人;much, little用作不可數(shù)名詞，作主語或賓語時(shí)指事物。
▲both, either, neither用于談?wù)搩蓚�(gè)人或東西時(shí)使用;談到三個(gè)或更多時(shí)用all, any 和none。
1)As I was just getting ____ familiar with this job, I had to ask my boss.
A. many B.most C.more D. much
2) You can park on ______ side of the street.
A. either B. any C. all D. both
十四、形容詞和副詞
本部分的考察重點(diǎn)是形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用。
1. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)前可用much, far , slightly, a lot, a little, still, ever, … times, any(表示疑問), no, not any(表示否定)等程度的副詞表示比較的程度。例如：
1) You are far more tolerant than I am.
2) After taking the medicine, he did not get any better.
3) This room is three times bigger than that one.
4) In some modern countries we find a ________ number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill.
A. large B. far larger C. more large D. more larger
5) It is not so ___ it appears to introduce equal pay for equal work.
A. easy B. easier than C. easier as D. easy as
6) The more we get together, ____ we shall be.
A. the happy B. happier C. the happier D. the more happy
2. 某些形容詞本身已是比較級(jí)的形式，在用作“比較”時(shí)，后面應(yīng)跟to，而不是than。常見的有：
superior (較高的) prior(順序在先的)
inferior(下等的) anterior(前面的)
senior(年長(zhǎng)的) posterior (以后的)
junior(年少的)
1)You needn’t feel inferior to others.
2)This new model in our computer department is superior to that one in their department.
3)We received no notification prior to today’s date.
4)He is several years junior to Mrs. Smith.
大學(xué)英語語法句子成分
關(guān)系代詞
<例句>
I met someone who said he knew you.
我遇到一個(gè)人，他說他認(rèn)識(shí)你。
<語法分析>
關(guān)系代詞 who 代表 someone，又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，同時(shí)又在從句中擔(dān)任主語。關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that和which可以用來引導(dǎo)定語從句，這類代詞都起著三重作用，一是代表前面的名詞，二是把從句和它所修飾的詞連接起來，三是在從句里也擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。who 和 whom都代表人，who 在從句中作主語，whom在從句中作賓語或介詞賓語。whose在從句中可以作定語。that可以代表人或物，which只能代表物在從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語或介詞賓語等。
<觸類旁通>
(1) The noise that she made woke everybody up.
她弄出的聲音把大家都吵醒了。
語法分析：that 代表 noise，又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，在從句中擔(dān)任 made 的賓語。
(2) She saw something in the paper which might interest you.
她在報(bào)紙上看到的一些消息，或許會(huì)使你感興趣。
語法分析：which 代表 something, 又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，在從句中擔(dān)任主語。
(3) The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English.
和我一起旅行的那個(gè)女孩不會(huì)講英語。
語法分析：whom 代表人，在從句中作賓語或介詞賓語。
(4) I saw a film whose name I have forgotten.
我看了一部電影， 名字卻忘了。
語法分析：whose 有時(shí)指無生命的東西。
(5) Who's the man (that) you were talking to?
剛才和你講話的人是誰?
語法分析：在從句作賓語時(shí)，that常可以省略。
(6) The situation in which she found herself was very difficult.
她的處境非常困難。
語法分析：在緊跟介詞時(shí)，只能用which，不能用that，而且不能省略。
關(guān)于大學(xué)英語語法句子成分
some的用法
<例句>
She's living at some place in Canada.
她住在加拿大的某個(gè)地方。
<語法分析>
不定代詞some的意思是表示“一些”，可以用來指人或其他可數(shù)的東西，也可以用來表示不可數(shù)名詞的東西，它在肯定句中用作主語、賓語、定語等。在這個(gè)句子中，some和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，其意義是表示“某個(gè)”，這與certain的意義相同。
<觸類旁通>
(1) Some of them can speak English.
他們中的有些人會(huì)講英語。
語法分析：簡(jiǎn)單用法。
(2) Can I take some of these apples?
這些蘋果我拿些可以嗎?
語法分析：一般在疑問句里要用any，但有時(shí)候卻要用到本應(yīng)用在肯定句中的some這個(gè)詞，這種用法所表達(dá)的含義是希望得到肯定的答復(fù)。這個(gè)例句的所隱含的意思是我很想拿一些蘋果，希望對(duì)方給予肯定性的回答。
(3) She enjoys some music.
她喜歡某些音樂。
語法分析：some修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
(4) Aren't there some eggs on the table?
桌子上不是有些雞蛋嗎?
語法分析：some用于反問句或請(qǐng)求句中。
大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)英語語法句子結(jié)構(gòu)
句子的成分
1.定義：組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子的成分，即：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語都是謂語里的組成部分。
句子成分 意 義 例 句
主 語 表示句子所說的是"什么人"或"什么事物"，一般由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)。 Lucy is an American girl.
We study in No.1 Middle School .
謂 語 說明主語"做什么"、"是什么"或者"怎么樣"。謂語(謂語部分里主要的詞)用動(dòng)詞。謂語和主語在"人稱"和"數(shù)"兩方面必須一致 We loveChina . / She is singing .
Mike hopes to be a doctor . / His parents are farmers .
表 語 說明主語是什么或者怎么樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語等充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。 Her aunt is adriver . / Are you ready ?
We were at home last night .
句子成分 意 義 例 句
賓 語 表示動(dòng)詞、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語等充當(dāng)，和及物動(dòng)詞一起說明主語做什么。 He often helps me . /We study English at school
Did you see him yesterday ?
定 語 用來修飾名詞或代詞。作定語的除形容詞外，還有代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語等。 The black bike ismine. / What's your name, please ?
We have four lessons in the morning ?
狀 語 用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語等來表示。People are all working hard. / It is very nice.
We had a meeting this afternoon .
賓語補(bǔ)足語 英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞，除有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)語，才能使句子的意義完整。這類詞有：make, consider, cause,see, find, call, get, have, let等。 He made me very angry.
I find him a good boy .
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