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新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯（通用11篇）
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新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇1
Globalization is sweeping aside national borders and changing relations between nations. What impact does this have on national identities and loyalties? Are they strengthened or weakened? The author investigates.
全球化正在掃除國界、改變國與國之間的關系。這對國家的認同和對國家的忠誠會帶來什么影響呢?它們會得到加強還是削弱?作者對這些問題進行了探討。
In Search of Davos ManPeter Gumbel
1. William Browder was born in Princeton, New Jersey, grew up in Chicago, and studied at Stanford University in California. But don't call him an American. For the past 16 of his 40 years he has lived outside the U.S., first in London and then, from 1996, in Moscow, where he runs his own investment firm. Browder now manages $1.6 billion in assets. In 1998 he gave up his American passport to become a British citizen, since his life is now centered in Europe. "National identity makes no difference for me," he says. "I feel completely international. If you have four good friends and you like what you are doing, it doesn't matter where you are. That's globalization."
尋找達沃斯人
彼得·甘貝爾
威廉·布勞德出生于新澤西州的普林斯頓，在芝加哥長大，就讀于加利福尼亞州的斯坦福大學。但別叫他美國人。他今年40歲，過去16年來一直生活在美國以外的地方，先是在倫敦，1996年后在莫斯科經(jīng)營他自己的.投資公司。布勞德如今掌管著價值16億美元的資產(chǎn)。1998年，他放棄美國護照，成為英國公民，因為他現(xiàn)在的生活中心在歐洲�！皣艺J同對我來說不重要，”他說，“我覺得自己完全是個國際人。如果你有四個朋友，又喜歡你所做的事情，那么你在哪兒無關緊要。這就是全球化�！�
2. Alex Mandl is also a fervent believer in globalization, but he views himself very differently. A former president of AT&T, Mandl, 61, was born in Austria and now runs a French technology company, which is doing more and more business in China. He reckons he spends about 90% of his time traveling on business. But despite all that globetrotting, Mandl who has been a U.S. citizen for 45 years still identifies himself as an American. "I see myself as American without any hesitation. The fact that I spend a lot of time in other places doesn't change that," he says.
亞歷克斯·曼德爾也是全球化的狂熱信徒，但他對自己的看法與布勞德不同。61歲的曼德爾曾任美國電報電話公司總裁。他出生于奧地利，現(xiàn)在經(jīng)營著一家法國技術公司，該公司在中國的業(yè)務與日俱增。他估計自己幾乎90%的時間都花在出差上。然而，盡管曼德爾全球到處跑，已經(jīng)做了45年美國公民的他還是認為自己是個美國人�！拔液敛贿t疑地把自己當作美國人。我在其他地方度過很多時間，但是這一事實不能改變我是美國人，”他說。
3. Although Browder and Mandl define their nationality differently, both see their identity as a matter of personal choice, not an accident of birth. And not incidentally, both are Davos Men, members of the international business élite who trek each year to the Swiss Alpine town for the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, founded in 1971. This week, Browder and Mandl will join more than 2,200 executives, politicians, academics, journalists, writers and a handful of Hollywood stars for five days of networking, parties and endless earnest discussions about everything from post-election Iraq and HIV in Africa to the global supply of oil and the implications of nanotechnology. Yet this year, perhaps more than ever, a hot topic at Davos is Davos itself. Whatever their considerable differences, most Davos Men and Women share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable. They see the world increasingly as one vast, interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy, produce and sell their goods and services.
雖然布勞德和曼德爾對各自的國籍界定不同，他們都將國籍視為個人選擇，而不是由出生地決定的。而且，他倆都是達沃斯人，這可不是巧合。達沃斯人指的是那些每年長途跋涉去瑞士阿爾卑斯山區(qū)小城達沃斯參加年度世界經(jīng)濟論壇——該論壇始于1971年——的國際商業(yè)精英們。本周，布勞德和曼德爾將同其他2200余名企業(yè)高管、政界人士、學者、記者、作家和少數(shù)幾位好萊塢明星一起，參加為時五天的交際活動、宴會和沒完沒了的認真的討論。討論話題林林總總，從大選后的伊拉克和非洲的艾滋病病毒到全球的石油供應和納米技術的重大意義。然而今年，或許比以往更甚的是，達沃斯論壇的一個熱門話題就是達沃斯本身。盡管與會男女各不相同，但他們大多數(shù)有一個共同信念：全球化，亦即資本、勞動力和技術不受阻礙地跨國界流動，是值得歡迎和不可阻擋的。在他們看來，世界越來越像一個巨大的互相聯(lián)系的市場。在這個市場里，企業(yè)尋求采購、生產(chǎn)及銷售產(chǎn)品和服務的最佳地點。
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇2
4. As borders and national identities become less important, some find that threatening and even dangerous. In an essay entitled "Dead Souls: The Denationalization of the American Elite," Harvard Professor Samuel Huntington describes Davos Man (a phrase that first got widespread attention in the 1990s) as an emerging global superspecies and a threat. The members of this class, he writes, are people who "have little need for national loyalty, view national boundaries as obstacles that thankfully are vanishing, and see national governments as residues from the past whose only useful function is to facilitate the élite's global operations." Huntington argues that Davos Man's global-citizen self-image is starkly at odds with the values of most Americans, who remain deeplycommitted to their nation. This disconnect, he says, creates "a major cultural fault line. In a variety of ways, the American establishment, governmental and private, has become increasingly divorced from the American people."
隨著邊界和對國家的認同變得越來越不重要，有些人將此視作威脅，甚至危險。哈佛大學教授塞繆爾·亨廷頓在一篇題為《死魂靈：美國精英的去國家化》的論文中將達沃斯人(該說法最早在20世紀90年代引起廣泛注意)描寫成為一個新興的全球超級物種和威脅。他寫道，該階層的成員“不要什么對國家的忠誠，視國界為障礙，而萬幸的是這種障礙正在消失，他們還把國家的政府看作是歷史遺留下來的東西，它們唯一的用處就是為精英們的全球運營提供方便�！焙嗤㈩D提出，達沃斯人以全球公民自居的自我形象，與大多數(shù)美國人的價值觀完全相悖。后者依然堅定地忠于他們自己的國家。他說，這種脫節(jié)造成了“一個重大的文化斷層。在種種意義上，美國政府和私營企業(yè)的當權派們與美國大眾漸行漸遠�！�
R T 5. Naturally, many Davos Men don't accept Huntington's terms. Klaus Schwab, the founder and executive chairman of the World Economic Forum, argues that endorsing a global outlook does not mean erasing national identity. "Globalization can never provide us with cultural identity, which needs to be local and national in nature."
許多達沃斯人自然不同意亨廷頓的說法。世界經(jīng)濟論壇的創(chuàng)始人兼執(zhí)行主席克勞斯·施瓦布爭辯說，支持全球觀并不意味著抹去對國家的認同�！叭蚧瘺Q無可能給予我們文化認同，因為后者在本質(zhì)上必須是本土的、民族的。”
6. Global trade has been around for centuries; the corporations and countries that benefited from it were largely content to treat vast parts of the world as places to mine natural resources or sell finished products. Even as the globalization of capital accelerated in the 1980s, most foreign investment was between relatively wealthy countries, not from wealthy countries into poorer ones. U.S. technology, companies and money were often at the forefront of this movement.
全球貿(mào)易已經(jīng)持續(xù)了幾個世紀;過去從中獲益的企業(yè)和國家在很大程度上滿足于將世界上的廣大地區(qū)視為自然資源的開采地或成品的銷售地。即便到了20世紀80年代，資本全球化已經(jīng)加速，大多數(shù)外國投資仍在相對富裕的國家之間進行，而不是從富裕國家流向較貧窮國家。美國的`技術、企業(yè)和資金通常處于這一流動的前沿。
7. However the past two decades have witnessed the rise of other significant players. The developed world is beating a path to China's and India's door — and Chinese and Indian companies, in turn, have started to look overseas for some of their future growth. Beijing has even started what it calls a "Going Out" policy that encourages Chinese firms to buy assets overseas. Asian nations are creating "a remarkable environment of innovation," says John Chambers, chief executive of Cisco Systems. "China and India are graduating currently more than five times the number of engineers that we are here in the U.S." That means that U.S. and European companies are now facing high-quality, low-cost competition from overseas. No wonder so many Western workers worry about losing their jobs. " If the issue is the size of the total pie, globalization has proved a good thing," says Orit Gadiesh, chairman of consultants Bain & Co. "If the issue is how the pie is divided, if you're in the Western world you could question that."
然而，在過去二十年間，另外一些重大參與者出現(xiàn)了。發(fā)達國家正在開辟一條通向中國和印度大門的道路——而中國和印度的公司又將眼光投向海外，尋找未來增長的機會。北京甚至提出了“走出去”的政策，鼓勵中國企業(yè)購買海外資產(chǎn)。亞洲各國正在形成“一個創(chuàng)新的卓越環(huán)境，”思科系統(tǒng)公司的首席執(zhí)行官約翰·錢伯斯如是說�！澳壳爸袊陀《鹊墓た拼髮W畢業(yè)生是我們美國的五倍還多。”這就意味著美國和歐洲的公司現(xiàn)在面臨來自海外的高質(zhì)量、低成本的競爭。毋怪乎這么多西方工人擔心失業(yè)�！叭绻麊栴}涉及的是整個蛋糕的大小，那全球化已經(jīng)被證明是件好事�！必惗鞴芾碜稍児镜亩麻L奧里特·加迪西說，“如果問題在于蛋糕怎么分，而你又是西方人，那你就會質(zhì)疑全球化�！�
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇3
8. The biggest shift may just be starting. A landmark 2003 study by Goldman Sachs predicted that four economies — Russia, Brazil, India and China — will become a much larger force in the world economy than widely expected, based on projections of demographic and economic growth, with China potentially overtaking Germany this decade. By 2050, Goldman Sachs suggested, these four newcomers will likely have displaced all but the U.S. and Japan from the top six economies in the world.
最大的變化也許剛剛開始。高盛集團2003年做的一項意義深遠的研究預測說，根據(jù)對各國人口和經(jīng)濟增長的預計，四大經(jīng)濟體——俄羅斯、巴西、印度和中國——在世界經(jīng)濟中的力量將超過普遍預期。中國的經(jīng)濟實力可能就在這個十年內(nèi)趕超德國。高盛集團說，到2050年，這四大新經(jīng)濟體將有可能取代目前世界六個最大經(jīng)濟體中除了美國和日本之外的四個經(jīng)濟體。
9. It's also entirely possible that the near future may see the pendulum of capital swing away from Davos Man-style globalization. One counterpoint is Manila Woman — low-paid migrant workers from Asia and elsewhere who are increasingly providing key services around the world. Valerie Gooding, the chief executive of British health care company BUPA, says the British and U.S. health care system would break down without immigrant nurses from the Philippines, India, Nigeria and elsewhere. Unlike Davos Man, she says, they're not ambivalent about being strongly patriotic.
近期資本流動也完全有可能脫離達沃斯人式的全球化的軌跡。與達沃斯人相對的是馬尼拉女人。這些來自亞洲和其他地方的低薪流動勞工正在全球提供越來越多的'關鍵服務。英國一家醫(yī)療保健公司保柏集團的首席執(zhí)行官瓦萊麗·戈丁說，要是沒有來自菲律賓、印度、尼日利亞和其他地方的移民護士，英美兩國的醫(yī)療保健體系就會崩潰。她說，這些人跟達沃斯人不一樣，他們毫不掩飾自己的強烈愛國情緒。
10. Not all Davos Men seek global markets, either. Patrick Sayer runs a private equity firm in France called Eurazeo, and complains there are still too many barriers to cross-border business in Europe, let alone the world. So he's focused Eurazeo on its domestic market. "I profit from being French in France. It's easier for me to do deals," Sayer says."It's the same elsewhere. If you're not Italian in Italy, you won't succeed."
也不是所有達沃斯人都在追逐全球市場。帕特里克· 塞爾在法國經(jīng)營一家名為尤拉吉奧投資集團的私募股權公司。他抱怨說，歐洲跨國界經(jīng)營中還有太多障礙，更別提全球經(jīng)營了。所以他的尤拉吉奧投資集團專注于國內(nèi)市場�！拔沂欠▏�，在法國做生意，對我而言要方便得多。”塞爾說。“別處也一樣。如果你不是意大利人，而在意大利做生意，你沒辦法成功�！�
11. That may sound like a narrow nationalism, yet it contains a hidden wisdom. Recall that Italy itself was, until 1861, not a unified nation but an aggregation of city-states. Despite tension between its north and south, there's no contradiction between maintaining a regional identity and a national one. Marco Tronchetti Provera, chairman of Telecom Italia, for example, can feel both Milanese and Italian at once, even as he runs a company that is aspiring to become a bigger international presence. The question is whether it will take another 140 years for Davos Man to figure out how to strike the same balance on a global scale.
這聽上去也許像狹隘民族主義，但內(nèi)中確大有學問。回想一下，在1861年前，意大利還不是一個統(tǒng)一的國家，而是由城邦組成的結合體。盡管意大利南北方之間關系緊張，保持地區(qū)認同和國家認同之間并無矛盾。例如，意大利電信公司的董事長馬爾科·特隆切蒂·普羅維拉覺得自己是個米蘭人，同時又是個意大利人，盡管他經(jīng)營的公司正力圖獲得更大的國際影響力。問題是，達沃斯人是否需要再花上140年，才能搞明白如何在全球規(guī)模上取得同樣的平衡。
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇4
Blue sky mold - creates brilliance
The blue sky mould company is one of the most famous extrusion mould manufacturers in China. We have two subsidiaries of TA mould company and TC mould company, four levels of mould and hundreds of product groups.
Established in 1993, TA mould company covers an area of 30 acres and is located in ningbo city, zhejiang province, known as the "hometown of mould" and "plastic kingdom". In 2007, to expand the company's entry into the world market, we built a new TC mould company.
As an experienced professional mould manufacturer, we have established a unique and complete mould manufacturing theory of extrusion system. We are in the leading position in mould design, thermal plastic precision slow motion control, PVC low foaming technology, WPC raw material formula, extrusion molding operation technology and so on.
Many of the mould products we have developed are widely used in construction materials, decoration, packaging and other industries, including daily necessities.
We are committed to creating brilliance in every field. In order to achieve such a goal, we work closely with our customers and work together to meet customer requirements with the most competitive price and optimal quality.
We are proud to be able to provide expert support and advice to our clients and to provide solutions for customers to select or develop efficient tooling products that meet their own requirements. Our technical team can provide services to all phases of your business and provide on-site operational training to enable customers to use products more effectively. In addition, we are not satisfied with the status quo, we have never stopped the pace of progress, and constantly strive to improve product service and quality.
Since we have abundant experience, advanced equipment and efficient production system, our products have been exported to more than 40 countries and regions, including Europe, America, southeast Asia and central Asia. We will try our best to provide the best extrusion mould and all-round technical support to our customers all over the world.
We are willing to join hands with you to create a brilliant future!
藍天模具——創(chuàng)造輝煌
藍天模具公司是中國最著名的擠壓式模具生產(chǎn)廠家之一。我們擁有TA 模具公司和TC 模具公司兩家分公司、四個級別的模具和上百種產(chǎn)品組。
TA 模具公司建于1993 年，占地面積達30英畝，位于久負盛名的“模具之鄉(xiāng)”和“塑料王國”之稱的城市——浙江省寧波市。2007 年，為了擴大企業(yè)進軍世界市場，我們又新建一個TC 模具公司。
作為經(jīng)驗豐富的專業(yè)的模具生產(chǎn)商，我們已創(chuàng)立了一套獨特而完整的擠壓式集成系統(tǒng)模具制造理論。我們在模具設計、熱塑精密緩動控制、PVC 低發(fā)泡技術、WPC 原料配方、擠壓成型操作技術等方面都處于領先地位。
我們研發(fā)的眾多模具產(chǎn)品被廣泛地用于建筑材料業(yè)、裝飾業(yè)、包裝等行業(yè)，包括日常生活用品。
我們致力于在各個領域創(chuàng)造輝煌。為了達成這樣的目標，我們與客戶緊密合作，共同努力，以最具有競爭力的價格、最優(yōu)的品質(zhì)滿足客戶要求。
能夠為客戶提供專家支持與建議，并為客戶選擇或開發(fā)符合自身要求的高效的.模具產(chǎn)品提供解決方案，我們感到很自豪。我們的技術團隊能夠為您業(yè)務的各個階段提供服務，并為客戶提供現(xiàn)場操作培訓，以使客戶能夠更有效地使用產(chǎn)品。除此之外，我們不滿足于現(xiàn)狀，從未停止過前進的腳步，不斷追求提高產(chǎn)品服務與質(zhì)量。
由于我們有豐富的經(jīng)驗、先進的設備和高效的生產(chǎn)體系，我們的產(chǎn)品已出口40 多個國家和地區(qū)，包括歐洲、美洲、東南亞和中亞等。我們將盡力為全球的客戶提供中國最好的擠壓式模具和全方位的技術支持。
我們愿和您攜手共創(chuàng)燦爛美好的明天！
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇5
Computer aided design
Computer aided design (CAD) is the use of computer technology to assist in design, especially for drawing of parts or products. Nowadays, CAD is a very important technology, because compared to manual mapping, it greatly improves work efficiency. There are many advantages to using CAD, such as reducing product development cost, shortening design cycle, etc. CAD allows the designer to design and refine the work on the screen, print it out, or store it for future editing, saving the drawing time.
There are several types of CAD. Each requires the operator to think differently, and he has to think about how to use these types and how to design the virtual components in different ways.
Low-end two-dimensional systems have many sources. Thus, in the design process of the final drawing, because of the need to adjust at any time, avoid the trouble of hand-drawing drawings in scope and layout, and provide a new path. With their help, designers don't have to worry about the scope and layout of the drawings.
The three-dimensional frame is basically an extension of two-dimensional drawing. Each line has to be added by hand. The final product has no quality attributes associated with it, nor does it directly add features. Creating three-dimensional entities is akin to controlling objects in the real world. The basic three-dimensional geometry model can be added or subtracted from the physical product, just like a combination or cutting of a real object. Two dimensional projection views can be easily generated from these models.
Three-dimensional parametric entity modeling requires operators to use the so-called "design concept". The objects and features of creation can be adjusted. Future changes are simple, difficult, or almost impossible, depending on how the original parts are created. If you want to from parts center to locate a particular characteristics, so the operator is from the center of the model to locate it, and may not be like when using the entity modeling, from a close edge or any point to locate. Parametric entity modeling requires the operator to consider the consequences of the behavior.
In principle, the entire design process can be used for CAD, but in fact, it has a limited role in the initial stage, because the bulk of the design is sketching. Several newly developed software can be used in the early stages of design. But how they work, and how wide they are, remains to be seen.
計算機輔助設計
計算機輔助設計（CAD）就是運用計算機技術對設計加以輔助，特別是對部件或產(chǎn)品的繪圖進行輔助。如今，CAD 已是一項非常重要的技術，因為相較于手工制圖，它大大提高了工作效率。使用CAD 有諸多益處，如降低產(chǎn)品開發(fā)成本、縮短設計周期等。CAD 使設計者能在屏幕上設計、完善作品，將它打印出來，或儲存起來以便將來編輯，節(jié)省了制圖的時間。
CAD 分幾個種類。每一種都要求操作者進行不同的思考，他得考慮要怎樣運用這些類型，并以怎樣不同的方式來設計虛擬元件。
低端的二維系統(tǒng)有很多源程序。這樣，在最終圖紙的設計過程中由于可以隨時按要求調(diào)整，就避免了手繪圖紙在范圍和布局上的麻煩，提供了一種新的'路徑。有了它們的幫助，設計者就不必擔心圖紙的范圍和布局。
三維線框基本上是二維制圖的延伸。每根線條都得手工加入。最終成品沒有與之相關的質(zhì)量屬性，也不能直接加入特征。創(chuàng)作三維實體建模類似于控制現(xiàn)實世界中的物體�；镜娜S幾何形模型都可以在上面加上或減去實體積，就像組合或切割現(xiàn)實的物體。從這些模型中能很容易地生成二維投影視圖。
三維參數(shù)化實體建模要求操作者運用所謂的“設計理念”。創(chuàng)作的客體和特征都可以調(diào)整。將來的改動是簡單、困難，還是幾乎不可能，都有賴于原部件的創(chuàng)造方式。如果要從部件的中心來定位某一特征，那么操作者就得從模型的中心來定位它，而可能不是像使用實體建模時那樣，從一條近便的邊或任意一點去定位。參數(shù)化實體建模要求操作者要考慮清楚行為的后果。
原則上，整個設計過程都可以用到CAD，但實際上，它在初期的作用有限，因為那時大量用到的是草圖。如今有幾個新研制的軟件可用于設計初期。不過，它們效用如何，運用范圍多廣，尚待分曉。
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇6
China's air compressor market - past and future
As a general machinery, gas compressors are widely used in industries such as petrochemicals, steel, metallurgy and automobiles. Gas compressor is mainly divided into several types, including centrifugal compressor, reciprocating compressor and piston compressor.
China's gas compressor manufacturing industry has developed rapidly in recent years. In 2007, the 355 companies in the gas compressor industry sales income of more than $5 million last year, the output value reached 5.693 billion yuan, the percentage of the output value in the whole machinery industry is 0.78, 0.03% higher than the year before. In addition, other indicators have increased, such as new product output, industrial sales value and export value.
2009 worldwide is experiencing a severe recession, but said that the industry will be affected by a lot of it is too early, because the Chinese government has taken some effective measures to deal with this problem. China has a relatively fierce competition and relatively low concentration in the gas compressor manufacturing industry. Gas compressor manufacturer in China, mainly distributed in the eastern coastal areas, and in the western region (including southwest and northwest) this kind of company is less, where there is a huge market potential, the gas compressor industry can get further development.
In the eleventh five-year plan period (2006-2010), in some industries, such as: petrochemical, chemical, textile, metallurgical, coal/power/oil and localization of large complete sets of equipment for the development of China's gas compressor manufacturing industry to provide huge business opportunities. Under the plan from 2006 to 2010, China will build a number of important projects in key industries. In China's nuclear power industry, for example, five years will be set up more than 20 plant, not only for the rapid development of gas compressor manufacturing industry has provided a broad market, but also to accelerate improving the quality of the gas compressor provides a unique opportunity.
中國的空氣壓縮機市場——過去和將來
作為一種通用機械，氣體壓縮機廣泛應用于諸如石油化工、鋼鐵、冶金和汽車等行業(yè)。氣體壓縮機主要分為幾種類型，包括離心壓縮機、往復式壓縮機和活塞式壓縮機等。
中國氣體壓縮機制造業(yè)近年來迅速發(fā)展。2007 年，中國355 家公司在氣體壓縮機工業(yè)上年銷售收入超過500 萬美元，其產(chǎn)值達到56.93 億人民幣，這個產(chǎn)值在整個機械行業(yè)的百分比為0.78，比前一年高0.03 個百分點。此外，其他指標也有所增加，例如，新產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)值，工業(yè)銷售產(chǎn)值和出口交貨值。
2009 年正在經(jīng)歷一場世界范圍內(nèi)嚴重的經(jīng)濟衰退，但是說這一行業(yè)也將受到很大的影響卻是言之尚早，因為我國政府已經(jīng)采取了一些有效的措施來處理這一問題。目前在氣壓縮機制造行業(yè)，中國有一個相對激烈的競爭和相對較低的行業(yè)集中。中國的`氣體壓縮機制造商，主要分布在東部沿海地區(qū)，而在西部地區(qū)（包括西南和西北）這類公司較少，在那里存在著巨大的市場潛力，氣體壓縮機產(chǎn)業(yè)可以得到進一步發(fā)展。
在第十一個五年計劃期間（2006–2010 年），在一些行業(yè)，例如：石化、化工、紡織、煤炭/電力/ 石油和冶金，大型成套設備的本地化將為發(fā)展中國的氣體壓縮機制造業(yè)提供巨大的商機。在2006–2010 年期間根據(jù)計劃，中國將建造重點行業(yè)中大量的重要項目。例如，在中國核電工業(yè)，五年時間里將建立20 多個核電站，這不僅為迅速發(fā)展氣體壓縮機制造業(yè)提供了廣闊的市場，而且還為加速改善氣體壓縮機質(zhì)量提供了一個獨特的機會。
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇7
1 Even the automobile industry, which has remained largely unchanged for the last seventy years, is about to feel the effects of the computer revolution.
即便是過去70年間基本上沒有多少變化的汽車工業(yè)，也將感受到計算機革命的影響。
2 The automobile industry ranks as among the most lucrative and powerful industries of the twentieth century. There are presently 500 million cars on earth, or one car for every ten people. Sales of the automobile industry stand at about a trillion dollars, making it the world's biggest manufacturing industry.
汽車工業(yè)是20世紀最賺錢、最有影響力的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一。目前世界上有5億輛車，或者說每10人就有1輛車。汽車工業(yè)的銷售額達一萬億美元左右，從而成為世界上最大的制造業(yè)。
3 The car, and the roads it travels on, will be revolutionized in the twenty-first century. The key to tomorrow's "smart cars" will be sensors. "We'll see vehicles and roads that see and hear and feel and smell and talk and act," predicts Bill Spreitzer, technical director of General Motors Corporation's ITS program, which is designing the smart car and road of the future.
汽車及其行駛的道路，將在21世紀發(fā)生重大變革。未來“智能汽車”的關鍵在于傳感器�！拔覀儠姷侥芸础⒛苈�、有知覺、具嗅覺、會說話并能采取行動的車輛與道路，”正在設計未來智能汽車和智能道路的通用汽車公司ITS項目的技術主任比爾?斯普雷扎預言道。
4 Approximately 40,000 people are killed each year in the United States in traffic accidents. The number of people that are killed or badly injured in car accidents is so vast that we don't even bother to mention them in the newspapers anymore. Fully half of these fatalities come from drunk drivers, and many others from carelessness. A smart car could eliminate most of these car accidents. It can sense if a driver is drunk via electronic sensors that can pick up alcohol vapor in the air, and refuse to start up the engine. The car could also alert the police and provide its precise location if it is stolen.
美國每年有大約4萬人死于交通事故。在汽車事故中死亡或嚴重受傷的人數(shù)太多，我們已經(jīng)不屑在報紙上提及。這些死亡的人中至少有半數(shù)是酒后開車者造成的，另有許多死亡事故是駕駛員不小心所導致。智能汽車能消除絕大多數(shù)這類汽車事故。它能通過會感測空氣中的酒精霧氣的電子傳感器檢測開車者是否喝醉酒，并拒絕啟動引擎。這種車還能在遇竊后通報警方，告知車輛的確切地點。
5 Smart cars have already been built which can monitor one's driving and the driving conditions nearby. Small radars hidden in the bumpers can scan for nearby cars. Should you make a serious driving mistake (e.g., change lanes when there is a car in your "blind spot") the computer would sound an immediate warning. 能監(jiān)控行車過程以及周圍行車狀況的智能汽車已經(jīng)建造出來。藏在保險杠里的微型雷達能對周圍的汽車作掃描。如果你發(fā)生重大行車失誤(如變道時有車輛你“盲點”內(nèi))，計算機立即會發(fā)出警報。
6 At the MIT Media Lab, a prototype is already being built which will determine how sleepy you are as you drive, which is especially important for long-distance truck drivers. The monotonous, almost hypnotic process of staring at the center divider for long hours is a grossly underestimated, life-threatening hazard. To eliminate this, a tiny camera hidden in the dashboard can be trained on a driver's face and eyes. If the driver's eyelids close for a certain length of time and his or her driving becomes erratic, a computer in the dashboard could alert the driver.
在麻省理工學院媒介實驗室，業(yè)已制造出能測知你行車時有多少睡意的樣車，這對長途卡車司機意義尤其重要。一連數(shù)小時注視著中夾分道線這樣一個單調(diào)、幾乎能催眠的過程是被嚴重低估的威脅生命的重大隱患。為消除這一隱患，藏在儀表板里的一架微型相機可對準開車者的臉部及眼睛。如果司機的眼簾合上一定時間，行車變得不穩(wěn)，儀表板里的計算機就會向司機發(fā)出警報。
7 Two of the most frustrating things about driving a car are getting lost and getting stuck in traffic. While the computer revolution is unlikely to cure these problems, it will have a positive impact. Sensors in your car tuned to radio signals from orbiting satellites can locate your car precisely at any moment and warn of traffic jams. We already have twenty-four Navstar satellites orbiting the earth, making up what is called the Global Positioning System. They make it possible to determine your location on the earth to within about a hundred feet. At any given time, there are several GPS satellites orbiting overhead at a distance of about 11,000 miles. Each satellite contains four "atomic clocks," which vibrate at a precise frequency, according to the laws of the quantum theory.
開車最頭疼的兩個麻煩是迷路和交通堵塞。雖然計算機革命不可能徹底解決這兩個問題，但卻會帶來積極的影響。你汽車上與繞軌道運行的衛(wèi)星發(fā)出的無線電信號調(diào)諧的傳感器能隨時精確地確定你汽車的方位，并告知交通阻塞情況。我們已經(jīng)有24顆環(huán)繞地球運行的導航衛(wèi)星，組成了人們所說的全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)。通過這些衛(wèi)星我們有可能以小于100英尺的誤差確定你在地球上的方位。在任何一個特定時間，總有若干顆全球定位系統(tǒng)的衛(wèi)星在11000英里的高空繞地球運行。每顆衛(wèi)星都裝有4個“原子鐘”，它們根據(jù)量子理論法則，以精確的頻率振動。
8 As a satellite passes overhead, it sends out a radio signal that can be detected by a receiver in a car's computer. The car's computer can then calculate how far the satellite is by measuring how long it took for the signal to arrive. Since the speed of light is well known, any delay in receiving the satellite's signal can be converted into a distance.
衛(wèi)星從高空經(jīng)過時發(fā)出能被汽車上計算機里的接收器辨認的無線電信號。汽車上的計算機就會根據(jù)信號傳來所花的時間計算出衛(wèi)星有多遠。由于光速為人熟知，接收衛(wèi)星信號時的任何時間遲緩都能折算出距離的遠近。
9 In Japan there are already over a million cars with some type of navigational capability. (Some of them locate a car's position by correlating the rotations in the steering wheel to its position on a map.)
在日本，具有某種導航能力的汽車已有一百萬輛之多。(有些導航裝置通過將方向盤的轉動與汽車在地圖上的位置并置來測定汽車的`方位。)
10 With the price of microchips dropping so drastically, future applications of GPS are virtually limitless. "The commercial industry is poised to explode," says Randy Hoffman of Magellan Systems Corp. , which manufactures navigational systems. Blind individuals could use GPS sensors in walking sticks, airplanes could land by remote control, hikers will be able to locate their position in the woods -- the list of potential uses is endless.
隨著微芯片價格的大幅度下降，未來對全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)的應用幾乎是無限的�！爸圃爝@一商品的工業(yè)定會飛速發(fā)展，”生產(chǎn)導航系統(tǒng)的麥哲倫航儀公司的蘭迪?霍夫曼說。盲人可以在手杖里裝配全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)傳感器，飛機可以通過遙控著陸，徒步旅行者可以測定自己在林中的方位—其潛在的應用范圍是無止境的。
11 GPS is actually but part of a larger movement, called "telematics," which will eventually attempt to put smart cars on smart highways. Prototypes of such highways already exist in Europe, and experiments are being made in California to mount computer chips, sensors, and radio transmitters on highways to alert cars to traffic jams and obstructions.
全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)其實只是叫做“遠程信息學”的這一更大行動的一部分，這一行動最終將把智能汽車送上智能高速公路。這種高速公路的樣品已經(jīng)在歐洲問世，加州也在進行試驗，在高速公路上安裝計算機芯片、傳感器和無線電發(fā)射機，以便向汽車報告交通擁擠堵塞情況。
12 On an eight-mile stretch of Interstate 15 ten miles north of San Diego, traffic engineers are installing an MIT-designed system which will introduce the "automated driver." The plan calls for computers, aided by thousands of three-inch magnetic spikes buried in the highway, to take complete control of the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads. Cars will be bunched into groups of ten to twelve vehicles, only six feet apart, traveling in unison, and controlled by computer.
在圣迭戈以北10英里的15號州際公路一段8英里長的路面上，交通工程師正在安裝一個由麻省理工學院設計的引進“自動司機”的系統(tǒng)。這一計劃要求計算機在公路上埋設的數(shù)千個3英寸長的磁釘?shù)膮f(xié)助下，在車輛極多的路段完全控制車輛的運行。車輛會編成10輛或12輛一組，車距僅6英尺，在計算機的控制下一齊行駛。
13 Promoters of this computerized highway have great hopes for its future. By 2010, telematics may well be incorporated into one of the major highways in the United States. If successful, by 2020, as the price of microchips drops to below a penny a piece, telematics could be adopted in thousands of miles of highways in the United States. This could prove to be an environmental boon as well, saving fuel, reducing traffic jams, decreasing air pollution, and serving as an alternative to highway expansion.
這種計算機化的公路的倡導者對其未來的應用充滿希望。到2010年，遠程信息技術很可能應用于美國的一條主要公路。如果成功的話，到2020年，當微芯片的價格降到一片一美分以下時，遠程信息技術就會應用在美國成千上萬英里的公路上。這對環(huán)保也會很有利，能節(jié)省燃油，減輕交通阻塞，減少空氣污染，還可用作公路擴建的替代辦法。
Harvey Mackay, who runs his own company, often interviews applicants for jobs. Here he lets us into the secret of what qualities an employer is looking for, and gives four tips on what can help you to stand out from the crowd.
自己經(jīng)營公司的哈維?麥凱經(jīng)常對求職者進行面試。文中他告訴我們關于雇主看重什么樣品質(zhì)的秘密，并提出4點建議，幫助你顯得比眾人突出。
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇8
We have all wished, at some time or other, for a perfect memory. We want to be able to remember things in exact detail. It's too bad that we forget so much that we have learned in school and at home. How can we make a realistic opinion of ourselves if your recall of the past is neither accurate nor complete?Yet a perfect memory is not always as good as one might suppose. There was the story about a Russian journalist, S. He could remember long lists of numbers and words and many pages of a telephone book after seeing them for only a few seconds. He could repeat these lists both forward and backward, even after many years had passed. He also remembered the conditions under which he had first learned the material.S. used various memory tricks to help his memory. Many of these tricks involved forming mental pictures. But you shouldn't envy him, for he had a serious problem: he could not forget. Those mental pictures kept coming to his mind. They distracted him and made it difficult for him to concentrate.
我們都曾希望擁有完美的記憶力,想要記住事情的每一個細節(jié)。 我們會遺忘在學校和家里學到的很多東西,這太糟糕了。如果我們對過去的記憶既不準確又不完整ξ頤怯衷趺茨芄蛔齔齜合實際的自我評價呢? 然而,完美的記憶力并不總是像人們想象的`那么美好。有這樣一個關于俄羅斯記者“S”的故事。他只需看上幾秒鐘便能記住長串的數(shù)字、單詞和許多頁電話號碼簿上的內(nèi)容。甚至在多年以后,他仍能將這些長串的信息倒背如流。他還記得他第一次記這些材料時的情景。 “S”用各種各樣的記憶“竅門”幫助自己記憶,其中的許多竅門涉及到在大腦中形成圖像。不過,你不必羨慕他,因為他有一個很嚴重的問題:不會遺忘。那些大腦中的圖像老是浮現(xiàn)在他眼前ナ顧分心,無法集中注意力。
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇9
Iron and the Effects of Exercise
Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researcherssuggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.
"We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exerciseshowed evidence of iron loss," says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in thejournal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
"Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back," shenotes. "But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels."Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers andone in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that "too many womenignore the amount of iron they take in";. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since theirmonthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their riskby rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women oftenrestrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and areliable to experience a deficiency.
"The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron," notesanother expert. "For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercisemay be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency," notes the expert.
Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, forunknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestivesystem. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenonwhere small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.
There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, acondition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in thesecond stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein thattransport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, andout of breath — and exercise performance is severely compromised.
"People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true," says John L.
Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. "You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, andif you wait until that point, you're in trouble."However, most people with low iron reserves don't know they have a deficiency, because traditionalmethods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein thattransports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. Instead, it's important to check levels of a differentcompound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing agewomen are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, "Men are not safe, especially if they don't eatmeat and have a high level of physical activity." (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runnershave low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say it's advisable for people in these groups to have ayearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.
If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifyingyour diet or by taking supplements. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements mayproduce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish.
Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables.
"Select breads and cereals with the words 'iron-added' on the label," writes sports diet expert NancyClark. "This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foodswith plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) toenhance the amount of iron absorbed." Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can deriveiron from the pan during the cooking process. "The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron potfor three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times," she writes. And peoplewho are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, sincesubstances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.
"Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices," sums up Purdue's Lyle. "Ifyou pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency beforeit really becomes a problem."
課文翻譯
運動醫(yī)學專家經(jīng)過多年的觀察，發(fā)現(xiàn)耐力運動員，特別是女性，經(jīng)常會缺鐵。
普渡大學研究人員進行的一項新的研究表明：即使是適度的鍛煉，也可能會降低女性血液中的鐵含量。
“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些通常不運動的女性一旦開始適度的鍛煉，就會出現(xiàn)鐵含量下降的跡象，”普渡大學羅斯安妮·M. 萊爾副教授說。
她對62名婦女進行了研究，并將研究結果發(fā)表在《體育運動醫(yī)學與科學》雜志上。這些婦女原先不怎么運動，后來開始了為期6個月、每周3次的鍛煉。
萊爾指出：“那些增食肉類食品或服用鐵質(zhì)補劑的女性能夠恢復到健康狀態(tài)。
但突然參加鍛煉卻仍沿用舊食譜的人則顯示出鐵含量降低�！�
缺鐵在女性中是很常見的，每四個十幾歲的少女中有一人缺鐵，每五個18至45歲的女性中有一人缺鐵。
而在積極鍛煉的婦女中這一比例更高，女耐力運動員中，缺鐵者比例則高達80%。
萊爾說，這意味著 “太多女性忽視了自己攝入的鐵含量”。
育齡女性危險最大，因為月經(jīng)是鐵流失的重要原因之一。
此外，許多保健意識太強的女性也很危險，因為她們拒絕食用牛肉或羊肉，而這些肉中含有的鐵最易被吸收。
而且，由于女性常常為了控制體重而節(jié)食，從而未能攝取足夠的含鐵豐富的食物，結果可能導致缺鐵。
另一名專家指出，“普通女性每天攝入的鐵只是應攝入量的三分之二�！�
他指出，“對于那些已經(jīng)缺鐵的女性，任何因鍛煉而產(chǎn)生的更多鐵質(zhì)流失都足以導致體內(nèi)缺鐵狀況的惡化�！�
運動可能通過多種機制導致鐵流失。
有些鐵隨汗液流失。另外，由于某些未知的原因，高強度的耐力運動有時會引起消化系統(tǒng)內(nèi)出血。
運動員從事跑步之類高強度劇烈運動，也可能會因為足部血管失血的現(xiàn)象而使鐵質(zhì)流失。
缺鐵分為三個階段：
第一也即最常見的階段，是鐵質(zhì)儲量不足。這一階段一般沒有癥狀。
到了缺鐵的第二階段，就會出現(xiàn)疲倦和力不從心，此時體內(nèi)已沒有足夠的鐵來形成血蛋白分子，將氧輸至運動肌肉。
在第三即最后階段，人常常感到虛弱、疲乏無力、喘不過氣，運動成績大打折扣。
“人們認為，只要不到第三階段就不會有什么問題。這種想法是不對的�！� 幫助設計普渡大學研究的約翰·L. 比爾德說。
“只有當你的鐵儲量為零時，你才會進入第三階段。而你若坐等到這個時候，你的麻煩就大了�！�
然而，比爾德指出，大多數(shù)鐵質(zhì)儲量低的人并未意識到自己缺鐵，因為傳統(tǒng)的檢測血液中鐵含量的方法──檢驗血液中輸送氧氣的血蛋白的含量──是不夠的。
其實，有必要檢查血液中另一種混合成分的含量，它可以顯示血液中的鐵含量。
他還指出，雖然積極鍛煉的育齡婦女最有可能鐵含量低，“但男性也并非不缺鐵，尤其是在他們不吃肉類而又從事高強度的體力活動的情況下�！�
�。ü烙嬘�15%的男性長跑運動員鐵含量低。）比爾德和其他專家都說，對這些人而言，最好每年驗一次血，以測定血液中的鐵含量。
如果鐵含量低，就要去看醫(yī)生，以確定是否該通過調(diào)整飲食或服用鐵質(zhì)補劑來校正不足。
一般說來，解決問題的最好方法是在食譜中增加含鐵豐富的食物，因為鐵質(zhì)補劑可能存在嚴重缺陷。“服用鐵質(zhì)補劑可能使人想嘔吐，有時甚至還會引起中毒。
最好的鐵來源，以及唯一最易為身體所吸收的鐵來源，是肉、雞和魚。
其他較好的鐵質(zhì)來源包括棗、豆類和一些多葉綠色蔬菜。”
“選擇那些標有‘加鐵’字樣的面包和麥片，” 運動營養(yǎng)專家南�！た死藢懙�，
“這些增加的鐵質(zhì)補充了谷物中自然含鐵量的不足。將這些食物與含有大量維生素C的食物一起食用──比如吃麥片時喝橘子汁，或在三明治內(nèi)夾上番茄──可以促進鐵質(zhì)吸收�！�
克拉克還建議用鐵鍋烹食，因為烹調(diào)過程中食物能從鐵鍋中吸收鐵質(zhì)。
她寫道，“在鐵鍋內(nèi)烹煮了3個小時的番茄汁，其鐵含量大大提高，增加到原來的30倍左右�！� 她說，鐵含量可能低的人，吃飯時應避免喝咖啡或飲茶，因為這些飲料中所含的物質(zhì)會妨礙身體對鐵質(zhì)的吸收。
“運動女性應特別注意選擇飲食。”普渡大學的萊爾總結說：
“如果你在鐵含量流失之前就注意到了警告信號，你就可以在它真正成為問題之前彌補鐵質(zhì)的不足�！�
正如運動能強心、健肺、固骨、強肌一樣，運動也能健腦。
對動物的一系列科學研究表明，體育活動對智力的發(fā)揮有積極作用。
伊利諾伊大學厄巴納──尚佩恩分校的大腦科學家威廉·格里諾說，“很明顯，運動使大腦受益。”
他對老鼠的研究已經(jīng)表明運動具有兩大功效：高強度體育運動給大腦提供更多的燃料，而技巧性運動則增強大腦神經(jīng)的聯(lián)結。依照某些科學家的見解，這種聯(lián)結能使大腦更好地處理信息。
在一項實驗中，實驗鼠被分成三組：
第一組在自動輪中跑動，第二組通過一種復雜的.越障訓練來提高技能，第三組則不做任何運動。
“與跑動的和不運動的老鼠相比，經(jīng)過越障訓練的老鼠的腦神經(jīng)聯(lián)結數(shù)更多�！备窭镏Z說，
“相比之下，在自動輪中跑動的老鼠，較之其他兩組的老鼠，其大腦的血管密度更大�！�
他說，學習一種新的舞步和學習一種語言一樣，都能促進大腦發(fā)展。
如果這種舞蹈還是一種良好的體育運動，則益處加倍。格里諾的另一組實驗顯示，年輕的大腦尤其能夠通過運動來增強能力。這組實驗表明，從小就鍛煉的老鼠，其大腦的變化最為顯著。
他說盡管動物不是人，但依此推斷鍛煉對老鼠帶來的作用同樣適用于人類也合乎邏輯。
對人類的研究主要集中在老年人身上。其結果表明，經(jīng)常鍛煉能提高大腦處理信息的速度。
伊利諾伊大學阿瑟·克雷默測量的結果表明，63至82歲不運動的人，在完成為期10周的水上運動課程之后，聽音擊鍵的反應加快了。
對照組沒有經(jīng)過鍛煉，其反應速度沒有提高。
接受運動訓練之后，人的反應速度可能會加快，這是因為與衰老有關的機能衰退實際上源于體質(zhì)下降。
一些科學家推測，除了藥物作用和飲食不當?shù)认嚓P因素外，常常歸咎于衰老的大腦功能下降實際上可能是不注意保持體育運動帶來的一種后果。
亞利桑那州立大學的運動學教授丹尼爾·M. 蘭德斯最近發(fā)表了一篇文章，對有關運動對大腦影響的科學文獻進行了綜述。他說：“對老年人來說，鍛煉計劃對維持大腦功能顯得非常重要�！�
許多研究表明，經(jīng)常進行體育鍛煉的孩子，在學業(yè)上比不活動的同學優(yōu)秀。
但直到最近，人們還是認為因參加體育運動而獲得的學業(yè)優(yōu)勢來自于增強的自信、更好的心態(tài)，以及運動后所帶來的集中注意力的能力。
而現(xiàn)在，一些科學家修正了他們的看法，表示這可能與身體狀況有關。
另一名專家皮爾斯·J. 霍華德說，新的研究表明，體育鍛煉提高了大腦中某些激發(fā)神經(jīng)細胞生長的化學物質(zhì)的含量。
因此，那些進行鍛煉的人的大腦可能更有能力應付各種智力挑戰(zhàn)。
不活動對大腦和身體都可能有負面影響。
“科學家們認識到，心即是身，身即是心，”霍華德評價道。他說，最有益的運動能身心兼顧。
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇10
Come on, admit it -- you like living at breakneckspeed.
Life in the Fast Lane
James Gleick
We are in a rush. We are making haste. Acompression of time characterizes many of ourlives. As time-use researchers look around, they seea rushing and scurrying everywhere. Sometimesculture resembles "one big stomped anthill," sayJohn P. Robinson and Geoffrey Godbey in their bookTime for Life.
Instantaneity rules. Pollsters use electronic devices during political speeches to measureopinions on the wing, before they have been fully formed; fast-food restaurants add expresslanes. Even reading to children is under pressure. The volume One-Minute Bedtime Storiesconsists of traditional stories that can be read by a busy parent in only one minute.
There are places and objects that signify impatience. The door-close button in elevators, sooften a placebo used to distract riders to whom ten seconds seems an eternity. Speed-dialbuttons on telephones. Remote controls, which have caused an acceleration in the pace offilms and television commercials.
Time is a gentle deity, said Sophocles. Perhaps it was, for him. These days it cracks the whip.() We humans have chosen speed, and we thrive on it -- more than we generally admit. Ourability to work and play fast gives us power. It thrills us.
And if haste is the accelerator pedal, multitasking is overdrive. These days it is possible todrive, eat, listen to a book and talk on the phone -- all at once, if you dare. David Feldman, inNew York, schedules his tooth flossing to coincide with his regular browsing of onlinediscussion groups. He has learned to hit PageDown with his pinkie. Mike Holderness, in London, watches TV with captioning so that he can keep the sound off and listen to the unrelated musicof his choice. An entire class of technologies is dedicated to the furtherance of multitasking. Car phones. Bookstands on exercise machines. Waterproof shower radios.
Not so long ago, for most people, listening to the radio was a single task activity. Now it is rarefor a person to listen to the radio and do nothing else.
Even TV has lost its command of our foreground. In so many households the TV just stays on, like a noisy light bulb, while the life of the family passes back and forth in its shimmering glow.
A sense of well-being comes with this saturation of parallel pathways in the brain. We choosemania over boredom every time. "Humans have never, ever opted for slower," points out thehistorian Stephen Kern.
We catch the fever -- and the fever feels good. We live in the buzz. "It has gotten to the pointwhere my days, crammed with all sorts of activities, feel like an Olympic endurance event: theeverydayathon," confesses Jay Walljasper in the Utne Reader.
All humanity has not succumbed equally, of course. If you make haste, you probably make itin the technology-driven world. Sociologists have also found that increasing wealth andincreasing education bring a sense of tension about time. We believe that we possess too littleof it. No wonder Ivan Seidenberg, an American telecommunications executive, jokes about themythical DayDoubler program his customers seem to want: "Using sophisticated time-mapping and compression techniques, DayDoubler gives you access to hours each and everyday. At the higher numbers DayDoubler becomes less stable, and you run the risk of atemporal crash in which everything from the beginning of time to the present could crashdown around you, sucking you into a suspended time zone."
Our culture views time as a thing to hoard and protect. Timesaving is the subject to scores ofbooks with titles like Streamlining Your Life; Take Your Time; More Hours in My Day. Marketersanticipate our desire to save time, and respond with fast ovens, quick playback, quickfreezing and fast credit.
We have all these ways to "save time," but what does that concept really mean? Doestimesaving mean getting more done? If so, does talking on a cellular phone at the beach savetime or waste it? If you can choose between a 30-minute train ride, during which you can read, and a 20-minute drive, during which you cannot, does the drive save ten minutes? Does itmake sense to say that driving saves ten minutes from your travel budget while removing tenminutes from your reading budget?
These questions have no answer. They depend on a concept that is ill formed: the very idea oftimesaving. Some of us say we want to save time when really we just want to do more -- andfaster. It might be simplest to recognise that there is time and we make choices about how tospend it, how to spare it, how to use it and how to fill it.
Time is not a thing we have lost. It is not a thing we ever had. It is what we live in.
創(chuàng)新大學英語4課文翻譯
好了，承認吧――你就喜歡忙得團團轉。
人在快車道
詹姆斯·格利克
我們東奔西忙。我們急急匆匆。時間緊迫是我們許多人的生活特點。時間利用研究者環(huán)顧四周，只見人人忙亂，處處步履匆匆。有時文明就像是“一個被踩癟的大蟻�！�，約翰·P·魯賓遜和杰弗里·戈德比在《生活時間》一書中寫道。
即時行為主宰著一切。人們發(fā)表政治演說時，聽眾尚未形成看法，民意調(diào)查人員就利用電子裝置進行當場測定;快餐店增設了快速通道。甚至給孩子念故事也得趕時間。《一分鐘臨睡前的故事》一書收的都是讓忙碌的家長僅用一分鐘就能講完的老故事。
許多場所和物件都表明人們有急躁情緒。電梯里的關門按鈕常常起心理安慰作用，好讓那些連秒鐘都覺得漫長難捱的乘梯人分散注意力。還有電話機的快撥鍵。還有可使影片和電視廣告快速播放的遙控器。
時間之神溫雅從容，索�？死账谷缡钦f。他那時或許如此。當今社會時間揚鞭催人。我們?nèi)祟愡x擇了速度，憑借著速度而繁榮興旺――其程度超過人們所普遍承認的那樣。我們快節(jié)奏工作、娛樂的本領賦予我們力量。我們?yōu)榇伺d奮不已。
如果匆忙是加速器的踏板，一心多用就是超速檔。如今，完全可能做到邊開車邊吃東西邊聽錄音書籍邊打電話--要是你敢這么做。紐約的大衛(wèi)·費爾德曼把用潔牙線清潔牙縫安排在日常瀏覽網(wǎng)上討論之時。他已經(jīng)學會用小手指敲擊下行鍵。倫敦的邁克·霍爾德內(nèi)斯看帶字幕的電視節(jié)目，這樣他就能把音量調(diào)低到聽不見，好欣賞自己喜歡的與電視節(jié)目無關的音樂。有一整套的技術專門用來促進一心多用。如汽車電話。如健身器材上的擱書架。如防水的淋浴間收音機。
不久以前，對大多數(shù)人而言，聽收音機是一項單一的活動。如今極少有人在聽收音機時，別的什么也不干。
就連我們生活中占據(jù)重要地位的電視機也失去了控制力。在許多家庭里，電視機就一直開著，如同一個發(fā)出噪聲的燈泡，人們在其微弱的閃光里日復一日地過著他們的家庭生活。
腦海中充斥的這種種并行不悖的情況帶來的是一種幸福感。每次我們都寧可大干一番而不愿厭倦懈怠。“人類從未，也永遠不會選擇放慢速度，”歷史學家斯蒂芬·克恩說。
我們?nèi)旧狭丝駸屺D―感覺竟然還不錯。我們生活在忙亂中�！俺潭纫呀�(jīng)如此嚴重，我的生活排滿了各種各樣的`活動，感覺就像是在進行奧運會耐力項目比賽：每日馬拉松賽，”杰伊·沃加斯?jié)娫凇蹲x者》上坦言。
當然，并非人人同染此病。如果你奔忙不停，很可能你是奔忙在由技術所驅動的社會中。社會學家也發(fā)現(xiàn)，富裕程度和教育程度的提高帶來時間的緊迫感。我們認為自己時間太少。難怪美國一位電信公司經(jīng)理伊凡·塞登伯格拿子虛烏有、用戶們卻似乎頗為心儀的"一天變兩天"程序開玩笑：“‘一天變兩天’運用先進的時間安排、壓縮技術，使你天天擁有48小時。時間比較多了，該程序就不很穩(wěn)定，你會面臨時間崩潰的危險，從有時間起到當前所有的一切都會傾倒在你身旁，把你吞入一個暫時不起作用的時區(qū)�！�
我們的文化把時間看做可囤積、保護之物。省時是眾多書籍的主題，如《提高生活效率》、《悠著點》、《我的一天不止24小時》。商人預見到我們一心省時的欲望，于是推出快速烤爐、快速回放裝置、快速解凍以及快速貸款作為應對。
我們有那么多“節(jié)省時間”的方法，可省時這個概念真正意味著什么呢?省時是否意味著做得更多?如果是這樣，那么在海灘用手機通話是節(jié)省還是浪費時間?如果你有兩個選擇：乘坐30分鐘火車，其間你可以看書;開車20分鐘，其間你不能看書。那開車是否算是省下10分鐘?
這些問題并沒有答案。它們?nèi)Q于一個很不明確的概念，即省時這一觀念本身。有些人說想節(jié)約時間，其實是想多做些事，而且要做得更快。也許，最簡單的是要認識到，時間就在這兒，我們可以選擇如何花時間，如何節(jié)約時間，如何利用時間，如何填補時間。
時間不是我們遺失的東西。時間不是我們曾擁有的東西。我們生活在時間之中。
新版大學英語綜合教程第二版第四冊第四課課文翻譯 篇11
Life Can Be Cruel
There will be people in your life who won't be very nice. They'll tease you because you're different, or for no good reason. They might try to bully you or hurt you.
There's not much you can do about these people except to learn to deal with them, and learn to choose friends who are kind to you, who actually care about you, who make you feel good about yourself. When you find friends like this, hold on to them, treasure them, spend time with them, be kind to them, love them.
There will be times when you are met with disappointment instead of success. Life won't always turn out the way you want. This is just another thing you'll have to learn to deal with. But instead of letting these things get you down, push on. Accept disappointment and learn to persevere, to pursue your dreams despite pitfalls. Learn to turn negatives into positives, and you'll do much better in life.
You will also face heartbreak and abandonment by those you love. I hope you don't have to face this too much, but it happens. Again, not much you can do but to heal, and to move on with your life. Let these pains become stepping stones to better things in life, and learn to use them to make you stronger.
生活會很殘酷
你的生活中一定會有并不友好的人。他們恥笑你因為你不同，而在沒有更好的理由。他們可能會欺負你或者傷害你。
對這種人你除了學會和其接觸無計可施，同時你也要學會擇友，選擇那些對你友善的，那些真正關心你的，那些令你對自己感到很好的人做朋友。當你尋找到像這樣的朋友，就一定要堅守這份友誼，珍惜他們，花些時間和他們在一起，友善的對待他們并愛他們。
有時你會遭遇挫折而非成功。生活并不總會如你所愿。這是另一件你需要學會處理的`事情。但你要挺住向前，而不是讓這些事讓你陷入低谷。接受挫敗并學會堅持，不畏風險地追求你的夢想。學會把消極轉化為積極，之后你就能做的好得多。
你同樣會面臨心碎時刻以及你深愛的人的拋棄。我希望你無須經(jīng)歷太多此類事件，但如果不幸發(fā)生了，再一次，除了慢慢愈合心中的創(chuàng)傷并繼續(xù)下去你的生活，你別無選擇。讓這些痛苦成為你通向更美好生活的墊腳石，并學會利用它們讓自己更堅強。
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