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英語四級語法:動詞

時間:2024-05-31 07:06:40 英語四級 我要投稿

2016英語四級語法:動詞

  想要學(xué)好英語四級語法怎么能不了解動詞運用方法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。

2016英語四級語法:動詞

  動詞(時態(tài),語態(tài),用法,省略,一致性等)

  時態(tài)

  1)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時態(tài)(have/has been + -ing 分詞構(gòu)成): 動作或狀態(tài)從過去某時開始,繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束.

  I’ve been writing letters for an hour.

  I’ve been sitting in the garden.

  2)過去完成進(jìn)行時(由had been + ing分詞構(gòu)成): 過去某個時刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作

  I’d been working for some time when he called.

  We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came.

  3)將來完成進(jìn)行時: 將來某個時刻以前一直在進(jìn)行的動作.

  By next summer, he will have been working here for twenty years.

  In another month’s time she’ll have been studying here for three years.

  4)將來完成時(由shall/will have + 過去分詞構(gòu)成): 將來某時已發(fā)生的事.

  I shall have finished this one before lunch.

  They’ll have hit the year’s target by the end of October.

  語態(tài)

  可以有兩種被動結(jié)構(gòu)的類型,例如:

  He was said to be jealous of her success.

  It was said that he was jealous of her success.

  能同時適用于上述兩個句型的主動詞通常都是表示“估計”,“相信”等意義的動詞,常見的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.

  It is supposed that the ship has been sunk.

  The ship is supposed to have been sunk.

  擔(dān)當(dāng)be supposed to 與不定式的一般形式搭配時往往表示不同的意義.例如:

  Why are you driving so fast in this area? You are supposed to know the speed to know the speed limit. (你應(yīng)該曉得速度限制)

  雙賓語及賓補結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài)

  雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài): 雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z,另一個賓語仍然保留在謂語后面,但多數(shù)是把間接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z.

  He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

  Two days were allowed them for making the necessary preparations.

  賓補結(jié)構(gòu)的被動語態(tài):

  She was called Big Sister by everybody.

  Then he was made a squad leader.

  He was considered quite qualified for the job.

  The room was always kept clean and tidy.

  短語動詞

  Vi + adv

  The plane took off two hours late.

  Vi + prep

  They looked round the Cathedral.

  Vi + prep (有被動語態(tài))

  延伸閱讀:

  英語的詞通常分為十大類:

  1)名詞(noun,縮寫為n.)是人和事物的名稱,如pen(鋼筆),English(英語),life(生活)。

  2)代詞(pronoun,縮寫為pron.)是用來代替名詞的詞,如we(我們),his(他的),all(全部)。

  3)形容詞(adjective,縮寫為adj.)用來修飾名詞,如great(偉大的),honest(誠實的),difficult(困難的)。

  4)數(shù)詞(numeral,縮寫為num.)是表示"多少"和"第幾"的詞,如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。

  5)動詞(verb,縮寫為v)表示動作和狀態(tài),如write(寫),walk(行走),think(想)。

  6)副詞(adverb,縮寫為。adv.)是修飾動詞、形容詞和副詞的詞,如quickly(快),often(經(jīng)常),very(很)。

  7)冠詞(article,縮寫為art.)說明名詞所指的人或物的詞,如a,an(一個),the(這,那)。

  8)介詞(preposition,縮寫為prep.)表示名詞(或代詞)與句子里其它詞的關(guān)系,如from(從),in(在…內(nèi)),between(在…之間)。

  9)連詞(conjunction,縮寫為conj.)是連接詞、短語、從句和句子的詞,如and(和),because(因為),if(假如)。

  10)感嘆詞(interjection,縮寫為int.)表示感情,如。oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(噓)。

  [注一]屬于前六類(名、代、形、數(shù)、動、副等詞)的詞都有實義,叫做實詞(notional word)。屬于后四類(冠、介、連、感等詞)的詞沒有實義,叫做虛詞(form word)。

  [注二]不少詞可以屬于幾個詞類,如work(工作;動詞和名詞),fast(快;形容詞和副詞),since(自從;連詞和介詞)等。

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