英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法全解
語(yǔ)法是學(xué)習(xí)一門語(yǔ)言必備的技能，學(xué)好語(yǔ)法能更好掌握一門語(yǔ)言，以下是小編給大家?guī)?lái)的英語(yǔ)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法全解，歡迎閱讀，希望對(duì)你有幫助
1. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣。
強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望和假想情況�？忌鷳�(yīng)著重復(fù)習(xí)能引起虛擬語(yǔ)氣的某些介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)和連詞(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建議、主張、命令、緊要等概念的詞語(yǔ)，由于本身隱含說(shuō)話人的`主觀愿望，其后的主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句往往采用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”;虛擬倒裝句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用適當(dāng)形式表達(dá)主觀愿望;混合虛擬句。
2. 主謂一致。
這類考題靈活性大，需要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。一部分具有生命意義的集合名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多采用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and連接的成分表單一概念時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);就近原則：主語(yǔ)中含有某些連詞(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)同第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。
3. 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出，分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝。那些否定詞(組)、介詞短語(yǔ)能引起倒裝句，部分倒裝和全部倒裝有和區(qū)別，as在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法及意義等等，都是考生應(yīng)當(dāng)重視的地方。
4. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
這是詞匯與結(jié)構(gòu)考試中語(yǔ)法部分的重中之重，解題時(shí)可以從三個(gè)方面入手：
①根據(jù)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同其所修飾的名詞或邏輯主語(yǔ)的一致關(guān)系，確定使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)或被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，然后考慮采用現(xiàn)在分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式或過(guò)去分詞;
②非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的用現(xiàn)在分詞進(jìn)行式，同時(shí)發(fā)生或不分先后發(fā)生的用現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在分詞一般式或過(guò)去分詞;在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生的用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式、不定式完成式;發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后的多用不定式一般式;
�、郾頎顟B(tài)多用分詞，表目的多用不定式。
5. 獨(dú)立主格題。
一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在句子中沒(méi)有連接詞的情況下，逗號(hào)是無(wú)力連接兩個(gè)句子的，其中一個(gè)分句要么是非謂語(yǔ)形式，要么是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都做狀語(yǔ)，不同的是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。
6. 時(shí)態(tài)。
英語(yǔ)中一共有16個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)，最常用的5個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、一般過(guò)去式、一般將來(lái)時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)最多的考點(diǎn)是將來(lái)完成時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。針對(duì)這一題型，考生首先要抓住的就是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，是現(xiàn)在時(shí)間、將來(lái)時(shí)間還是過(guò)去時(shí)間?是短暫時(shí)間還是延續(xù)性時(shí)間?
7. 名詞性從句。
形容詞性的定語(yǔ)從句是考核的重點(diǎn)，用什么引導(dǎo)詞，引導(dǎo)詞前面的介詞形式，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做什么成分(做賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)還是狀語(yǔ)等)，從句的語(yǔ)序等等均有可能成為考點(diǎn)。此外，主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句也應(yīng)適當(dāng)復(fù)習(xí)。
延伸閱讀：
1. I appreciate ________ to your home.
A) to be invited
B) to have invited
C) having invited
D) being invited(D)
2. I hope my teacher will take my recent illnessinto ________ when judging my examination.
A) regard
B) counting
C) account
D) observation(C)
3. You ________ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.
A) needn’t have done
B) must not have done
C) shouldn’t have done
D) can not have clone(A)
4. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work ________ all theirtime.
A) takes away
B) takes over
C) takes up
D) takes in(C)
5. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ________it.
A) got off
B) got across
C) got away
D) got over(D)
6. Many people complain of the rapid ________ of modern life.
A) rate
B) speed
C) pace
D) growth(C)
7. San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles ________.
A) is rarely
B) rarely is
C) hardly is
D) is scarcely(B)
8. The speaker, ________ for her splendid speeches, was warmly received by theaudience.
A) having known
B) being known
C) knowing
D) known(D)
9. American women were ________ the right to vote until 1920 after many years ofhard struggle.
A) ignored
B) neglected
C) refused
D) denied(D)
10. I couldn’t find ________, and so I took this one.
A) a large enough coat
B) an enough large coat
C) a large coat enough
D) a coat enough large(A)
【拓展】
(1) 改變時(shí)態(tài)
The bell is ringing now. (一般)
There goes the bell! (高級(jí))
(2) 改變語(yǔ)態(tài)
People suggests that the meeting be put off. (一般)
It is suggested that the meeting be put off. (高級(jí))
(3 )使用過(guò)去分詞
Lisa walked out of the room and many guys followed her. (一般)
Followed by many guys, Lisa walked out of the lab. (高級(jí))
(4) 使用v-ing 形式
When she arrives, please give me a call. (一般)
On her arriving, please give me a call. (高級(jí))
(5) 使用不定式
He is so kind that he can do me a favor. (一般)
He is so kind as to do me a favor. (高級(jí))
(6) 使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
The patient didn’t die because there were the efforts of the doctor. (一般)
But for the efforts of the doctor, the patient would have died. (高級(jí))
(7) 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
I was born in 1987. (一般)
It was in 1987 that I was born. (高級(jí))
(8) 使用倒裝
Though I’m sick, I’ll carry on. (一般)
Sick as I am, I’ll carry on. (高級(jí))
(9) 使用并列句
If you go through the gate, you’ll find me. (一般)
Go through the gate, and you’ll find me. (高級(jí))
(10) 使用名詞性從句
She happened to have met him. (一般)
It happened that she had met him. (高級(jí))
(11) 使用定語(yǔ)從句
The girl is spoken highly of. Her homework was well done. (一般)
The girl whose homework was well done is spoken highly of. (高級(jí))
(12) 使用狀語(yǔ)從句
I won’t believe what he says. (一般)
No matter what he says, I won’t believe. (高級(jí))
動(dòng)詞加介詞
Vi + prep: prevail on, appeal to, fall into, apply for, touch upon
Vt + O + prep: lay emphasis on, take advantage of等
Vi + adv + prep:
I don’t wish to break in on your thoughts.
The family came up against fresh problems.
You’re not telling me the whole story. You’re holding out on me.
She got off with him soon after she began to work at the institution.
Vt + O + adv +prep:
You shouldn’t take your resentment out on me.
We shouldn’t put the shortage down to bad planning.
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