2017年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)訓(xùn)練試題
全國(guó)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)規(guī)定“英語(yǔ)四級(jí)成績(jī)達(dá)到425分以上(含425分)者，可以報(bào)考英語(yǔ)六級(jí)”。一般認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)四級(jí)的及格線是425分。對(duì)于招聘企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)，分?jǐn)?shù)越高自然更受青睞。為了幫助大家復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)，yjbys培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)小編為大家整理了一些英語(yǔ)四級(jí)試題，希望能幫到大家啊!
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25minutes)
Section A
Directions：In this section，you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A.，B.，C.,and D.,Then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with d single line through the centre.
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.
◆1.A. How college students can handle their psychological problems.
B. Why college students are more likely to have stress problems.
C. Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.
D. HOW college students can improve their sleep habits.
◆2.A.It is not easy to improve one’s sleep habits.
B.It is not good for students to play video games.
C.Making last.minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.
D.Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations
Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard .
◆3.A.Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilities
B.Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets.
C.Whether the Spanish company could offer better service.
D.Whether more airports should be built around London.
◆4.A.Poor ownership structure.
C.Lack of innovation and competition.
B.Inefficient management.
D.Lack of runway and terminal capacity.
Questions 5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.
◆5.A.study the effects of nicotine on young smokers.
B.Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes.
C.Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products.
D.Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.
◆6.A.The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.
B. Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular.
C.Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.
D.Big tobacco companies were flank with their customers about the hazards of smoking .
◆7.A.They will pay more attention to the quality of their products.
B.They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.
C.They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes.
D.They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine.
Section B
Directions：In this section，you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Questions 8 tol1 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
◆8.A.Holland.
B.Indonesia.
C.England.
D.Sweden.
◆9.A.Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch.
B.Getting a coach who can offer real help.
C.Acquiring the necessary ability to socialize.
D.Learning a language where it is not spoken.
◆10.A.Practicing reading aloud as often as possible.
B.Listening to language programs on the radio.
C.Trying to speak it as much as one can.
D.Making friends with native speakers.
◆11.A.It provides opportunities for language practice.
B.It trains young people’s leadership abilities.
C.It offers various courses with credit points.
D.It creates an environment for socializing .
Questions 12 tol5 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
◆12.A.A sense of freedom driving gives.
B.Rules and regulations for driving .
C.The role policemen play in traffic safety.
D. The impact of engine design on road safety.
◆13.A.Make cars with automatic control.
B.Make cars with higher standards.
C.Make cars that are less powerful.
D. Make cars that have better brakes.
◆14.A.They follow traffic rules closely.
B. They keep within speed limits.
C.They like to go at high speed.
D. They tend to drive responsibly.
◆15.A. It is a bad idea.
B.It is as effective as speed bumps.
C.It is not useful.
D.It should be combined with education.
Section C
Directions：In this section，you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C,and D,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre.
Questions 16 tol8 are based on the passage you have just heard.
◆16.A.The card got damaged.
B.The card was found invalid.
C.The card reader broke down unexpectedly.
D.The card reader failed to do the scanning.
◆17.A.By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone.
B.By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.
C.By calling the credit card company for confirmation.
D.By typing the credit card number into the cash register.
◆18.A.Produce many low-tech fixes for high.tech failures.
B. Give birth to many new technological inventions.
C. Change the lifestyle of many Americans.
D. Affect the sales of high.tech appliances.
Questions 19 to21 are based on the passage you have just heard.
◆19.A.They vary among different departments.
B.They leave much room for improvement.
C.They are determined by the advising board.
D.They are set by the dean of the graduate school.
◆20.A.By consulting the examining committee.
B. By reading the Bulletin of Information.
C. By visiting the university’s website.
D. By contacting the departmental office.
◆21.A.They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates.
B.They specify the number of credits students must earn.
C.They have to be approved by the examining committee.
D.They are the same among various divisions of the university.
Questions 22 to 25 are based oil the passage you have just heard.
◆22.A.Ph.D.candidates in dieting.
B.Students majoring in nutrition.
C.Students in health classes.
D.Middle and high school teachers.
◆23.A.Its overemphasis on thinness.
B.Its changing criteria for beauty.
C.Its mistaken conception of nutrition.
D.Its overestimate of the effect of dieting.
◆24.A.To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women.
B.To explain how computer images can be misleading.
C.To prove that technology has impacted our culture.
D.To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep.
◆25.A.To help students rid themselves of bad living habits.
B.To establish an emotional connection with students.
C.To promote her own concept of beauty.
D.To persuade girls to stop dieting.
Section A
News Report One
聽(tīng)力原文：
You probably think college students are experts at sleeping.But parties，preparations for tests，personal problems and general stress can wreck a student’s sleep habits，which can be bad for the body and the mind.Texas Tech University is even offering a class called“Improving Your Sleep Habits”.[1]People suffering from sleep loss are at an increased risk from obesity,psychological problems and car crashes.Students who don't get enough sleep have poorer attendance and lower grades.On top of all that，[2] a new study published in the Journal Learning&Memory finds you're probably better off sleeping than making last-minute preparations for a test.200 college kids were taught to play some unfamiliar video games.Subjects who learned the games in the morning lost some skills when they played again 12 hours later，but they did much better after getting a good night’s sleep.[1]So.if you really want to do your job well,don't forget to get some sleep.
News Report Two
聽(tīng)力原文：
Long queues，delayed flights and overcrowding at airports have become almost as much a topic for conversation in Britain as the traditional complaining about the weather.Meanwhile，there’re complaints：the poor service at London’s major airports is discouraging foreigners from doing business in Britain.Much of the criticism is directed at the British Airports Authority,which runs 7 major airports，including the 3 main ones serving London.[3] The Competition Commission is now to investigate whether the British Airports Authority needs to sell off some of its assets.The idea is that competition between rival operators would lead to better service at airports.[4]The British Airports Authority recently bought by a Spanish company,says the root cause of the problems is not the ownership structure,but a lack of runway and terminal capacity,which is addressing through a programme of heavy investments.
News Report Three
聽(tīng)力原文：
[5] Under the law in Massachusetts,tobacco companies have to measure the nicotine content of every type of cigarette and report the results.[6]The Department of Public Health in Boston gathers and carefully examines the figures，and then draws its conclusions：116 brands were looked at for the study.82 were found to have
higher nicotine yields than they did 6 years previously.[6]The biggest increase is tended to be in brands that were popular with young smokers，that worries the Department because of the addicted nature of nicotine.Stanton Glantz，a professor of medicine in San Francisco explains why.“The amount of nicotine was delivered in every type of cigarettes is 10 percent higher than it was 6 years ago，which means that it’s easier to get hooked and harder to quit.[7]The big tobacco companies have always insisted that they are flank with their customers about the dangers of smoking and provide them with enough detail to make an informed decision.However，[7]none of them were prepared to comment on this study or discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.”
Section B
Conversation One
聽(tīng)力原文：
M：And you know...one thing that l want to ask you.It’s greatly you have had this experience of teaching in Indonesia.And following up on what you just mentioned，what would you recommend for students who do not live in an English—speaking country?And，you know,they want to learn?I don’t know about perfecting， but they want at least to be able to communicate decently.How can they go about this?
W：Yeah.it’s really hard.That’s the real struggle because…[8]Right now I do live in Holland but I really don’t socialize much with Dutch people.[10]And my boyfriend's English is so good that we just basically speak English all the time.so I have to make a real effort to practice.There’s as much listening exposure as I want.All I have to do is turn on the TV
M：And reading also.right?
W：Yeah.reading.There’s plenty that I can get to read and listen to.But for speaking，there really is no substitute for trying to speak and use the language in a relaxed atmosphere.[9] So.I think that's really the challenge for people who live in a country where their target language isn't spoken. And for that…gosh，what would I do?If I didn’t have people here，probably，try to find a club… [11]In Sweden they have a really cool system called“study Circles”.where it’s not…it’s like a course.but really,you just have a course leader who’s mere sort of as a coach and guide.and to help out...And you don’t get grades.and you go just because you want to learn.
W：OK，Nathan.[12]So we’re talking about driving and are there any rules or regulations that You’d like to change?
M：I'm not sure I want to change rules.but I’d like to please to be strict on the roads，like，if people jam the traffic lights.I don’t know why there isn’t a camera at the traffic lights to stop people doing that.All like speeding，it’s very easy to put speed cameras in certain places.
W：[13]Maybe car manufacturers should have some responsibility in limiting their power of their engines.What’s the point in producing an engine that’s big and powerful enough to go like 200km/h when the speed limit is only 100?
M：Right.But do you know there’s no speed limits in Germany?
W：[14] People there do drive responsibly,though. Often，people break laws simply because the laws are there.If the law isn’t there，people will drive within their ability range.When you’ve got speed limits，this creates situations actually present dangers on the road.
M：Do you think Germans have better education about personal responsibility when driving?
W：Possibly,they also have very good cars.
M：Right.
W：If you’ve got a good car that can go at a high speed then it’s very nice to do that.
M：But still with care.
W：So.I think it’s the restriction that creates the dangers sometimes.
M：OK.
W：Obviously.when driving through a residential area，or where there’s a school，you’ve got to have speed policemen.
M：Speed bumps.
W：Yes.speed bumps-those speed-bumps that force you to slow down.I think they’re good idea.
M：So，[15]you don't think fining people is useful?
W：[15]Not really,because the police don’t have time to police every single driver.
Section C
Passage One
聽(tīng)力原文：
Behind the cash register at a store in downtown San Francisco，[16]Sam Azar swiped his cred“card to pay for a pack of cigarettes.The store's card reader failed to scan the card's magnetic strip.Azar tried again and again.No luck!
As customers began to queue，Mr.Azar reached beneath the counter for a black plastic bag.[l7]He wrapped one layer of the plastic around the card and tried again.Success!The sale was completed.
“I don’t know how it works.It just does，”said Mr.Azar who 1eamed the trick from another clerk.Verifone，the company that makes the store’s card reader,would not confirm or deny that the plastic bag trick worked.But it’s one of many low—tech fixes for high—tech failures that people without engineering degrees have discovered，often out of desperation，and shared.
[18] Today's shaky,economy is likely to produce many more such tricks.“In postwar Japan，the economy wasn’t doing so great，so you couldn’t get everyday—use items like household cleaners，”says Lisa Katayama，author of Urawaza，a book named after the Japanese term for clever lifestyle tips and tricks.“So people look for ways to do with what they had.”
Today,Americans are finding their own tips and tricks for fixing malfunctioning devices with supplies as simple as paper and glue.Some，like Mr.Azar’s plastic bag，are open to argument as to how they work，or whether they really work at all.But many tech home remedies can be explained by a little science.
Passage Two
聽(tīng)力原文：
If you are a graduate student，you may depend on your advisor for many things，including help with improving grades，acquiring financial support，forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation.If you are a graduate teaching assistant，your advisor also may be your“boss”.
[19]Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisors to graduate students.In some departments，either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least a semester as a new student’s advisor.Then the student selects an advisor,based on shared academic interests.
In other departments，a new student is assigned a faculty advisor based on some system of distribution of the department’s“advising load”.Later,students may have the opportunity of selecting the advisor that they prefer.
In any case，[20]new graduate students can learn who their advisors or temporary advisors are by visiting or emailing the departmental office,and asking for the information.
[21] Graduation requirements specify the number of credits you must earn，the minimum grade point average you must achieve，and the distribution of credits you must have from among different departments or fields of study.In addition，it is necessary to“apply for graduation”when you near the time that you’11 be completing
your graduation requirements.Since graduation requirements vary among divisions of the university,you should consult the Bulletin of Information.You should also direct your questions to your departmental office or academic advisor.
Passage Three
聽(tīng)力原文：
[22]Jody Hubbard is a diet and nutrition expert who travels around the state to speak in.middle and high schools.She primarily speaks to students in health classes，but sometimes the school will arrange for her to speak to several different groups of girls.[23]Her biggest concern is the emphasis American culture places on thinness and the negative ways of this affects girls today.Jody has a Ph.D.in nutrition，but more important，she has personal experience-her mother taught her to diet when she was only 8 years old.
Jody has created several different presentations which she gives to different types of audiences，and she tries to establish an emotional connection with the students so that they will feel comfortable asking questions or talking to her privately.[24]She shows them pictures and images from popular culture of beautiful women and explains how computers are used to make the women look even more thin and“beautiful”man they are in real life.She describes how the definition of beauty has changed over the years and even from culture to culture.She then talks about health issues and the physical damage that can occur as a result of dieting.Finally，she addresses self-respect and the notion that a person’s sense of beauty must include more than how much a person weighs.
Sometimes，[25]Jody feels that she succeeds in persuading some students to stop dieting;other times，she feels that she fails.
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions： In this section， there is a passage with ten blanks。 You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage。 Read the passage through carefully before making your choices。 Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter。 Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。 You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once。
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard。
Physical activity does the body good, and there’s growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own, (26)to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a (27)of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic(28), investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school,(29)in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.
The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to(30)on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S.(31) in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be(32) exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood (33) to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are (34) to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve(35)and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they’re running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.
注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。
A)attendance
B)consequently
C)current
D)depressing
E)dropping
F)essential
G)feasible
H)flow
I)mood
J)mutually
K)particularly
L)performance
M)review
N)survive
O)tend
Section B
Directions： In this section， you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it。 Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。 Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived。 You may choose a paragraph more than once。 Each paragraph is marked with a letter。 Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2。
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment， Too
[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear。
[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home， or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear， or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know。
[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed。 And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in。 I am not talking about the quality of care， let me hastily add。 Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record。 But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do。
[D] The most recent of these studies， published in The journal of Applied Gerontology， surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living， nursing homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes)。 Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life， emotional well-being and social interaction， as well as about the quality of the facilities。
[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types，” said the lead author of the study， Julie Robison， an associate professor of medicine at the university。 A reasonable assumption—don’t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can’t?
[F] In the initial results， assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture。 They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities， for instance， and less likely to be bored or lonely。 They scored higher on social interaction。
[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables， such differences disappeared。 It is not the housing type， they found， that creates differences in residents’ responses。 “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in， combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are， their age and marital status，” Dr。 Robison explained。 Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant。
[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health， therefore， might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home。 A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home， other factors being equal。 It is an interaction between the person and the place， not the sort of place in itself， that leads to better or worse experiences。 “You can’t just say， ‘Let’s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr。 Robison said。 What matters， she added， “is a combination of what people bring in with them， and what they find there。”
[I] Such findings， which run counter to common sense， have surfaced before。 In a multi-state study of assisted living， for instance， University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type， size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness， mental decline， hospitalizations or mortality。 What mattered most was the residents’ physical health and mental status。 What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there。
[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk， announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are。 As a matter of fact， consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities， the lowest rated， than with the five-star ones。 (More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post。)
[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr。 Philip Sloane， a geriatrician(老年病學(xué)專家)at the University of North Carolina：“In a way， that could be liberating for families。”
[L] Of course， sons and daughters want to visit the facilities， talk to the administrators and residents and other families， and do everything possible to fulfill their duties。 But perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees。 “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr。 Sloane said。 And involving the future resident in the process can be very important。
[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness。 They have their ideas， too。 A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town。 I have seen this place—it is elegant， inside and out。 But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived， though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the other residents。 When they had lunch in the dining room， they sat alone at a table。
[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there， and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility。 Based on what is emerging from some of this research， that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision。
36。 Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents。
37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities， involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important。
38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home。
39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in。
40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home。
41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place。
42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction。
43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think。
44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living。
45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there。
Section C
Directions： There are 2 passages in this section。 Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements。 For each of them there are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D)。 You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。
Passage one
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage。
As Artificial Intelligence(AI) becomes increasingly sophisticated， there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat。 This danger can be avoided， according to computer science professor Stuart Russell， if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code。
Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks， it’s necessary to translate our morals into AI language。
For example， if a robot does chores around the house， you wouldn’t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children。 “You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell。
Some robots are already programmed with basic human values。 For example， mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans。 Obviously there are cultural differences， but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space， you wouldn’t think that’s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do。
It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines， if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules。
Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior。 They are dangerous only if programmers are careless。
The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they’ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌)。
One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation。
If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave， it has the opportunity to stop， send out beeps(嘟嘟聲)， and ask for directions from a human。 If we humans aren’t quite sure about a decision， we go and ask somebody else。
The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral， and how to create a set of ethical rules。 But if we come up with an answer， robots could be good for humanity。
46.What does the author say about the threat of robots?
A)It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers。
B)It accompanies all machinery involving high technology。
C)It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language。
D)It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated。
47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?
A)They are aggressive。
B)They are outgoing。
C)They are ignorant。
D)They are ill-bred。
48.How do robots learn human values?
A)By interacting with humans in everyday life situations。
B)By following the daily routines of civilized human beings。
C)By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior。
D)By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings。
49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation?
A)keep a distance from possible dangers。
B)Stop to seek advice from a human being。
C)Trigger its built-in alarm system at once。
D)Do sufficient testing before taking action。
50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?
A)Determine what is moral and ethical。
B)Design some large-scale experiments。
C)Set rules for man-machine interaction。
D)Develop a more sophisticated program。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage。
Why do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations： keeping a moderate diet， engaging in regular exercise， etc。 But what effect does your personality have on your longevity(長(zhǎng)壽)?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100。
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing， more active and less neurotic (神經(jīng)質(zhì)的) than other people。 Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span。 These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory： those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times。
Interestingly， however， other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer。 Those who were more self-disciplined， for instance， were no more likely to live to be very old。 Also， being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life， which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways。
Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate。 But the new paper suggests that if you want long life， you should strive to be as outgoing as possible。
Unfortunately， another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help determine your longevity。 That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious， depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets。 Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to break when we’re adults， which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger。
Personality isn’t destiny(命運(yùn))， and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change。 But both studies show that long life isn’t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health。
51。 The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society is____。
A)to see whether people’s personality affects their life span
B)to find out if one’s lifestyle has any effect on their health
C)to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life
D)to examine all the factors contributing to longevity
52。 What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people?
A)They have a good understanding of evolution。
B)They are better at negotiating an agreement。
C)They generally appear more resourceful。
D)They are more likely to get over hardship。
53。 What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation?
A)Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life。
B)Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times。
C)Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity。
D)Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity。
54。 What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show?
A)Children’s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers。
B)People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner。
C)Mothers’ influence on children may last longer than fathers’。
D)Mothers’ negative personality characteristics may affect their children’s life spans。
55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies?
A)Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one’s life span。
B)Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health。
C)Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is。
D)Health is in large part related to one’s lifestyle。
Part IV Translation (30 minutes)
Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English。 You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2。
功夫(Kong Fu) 是中國(guó)武術(shù)(martial arts)的俗稱。中國(guó)武術(shù)的起源可以追溯到自衛(wèi)的需要，狩獵活動(dòng)以及古代中國(guó)的軍士訓(xùn)練。它是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的一種，年輕人和老年人都練。它已逐漸演變成了中國(guó)文化的獨(dú)特元素。作為中國(guó)的國(guó)寶，武術(shù)有上百種不同的風(fēng)格，是世界上練得最多的武術(shù)形式。有些風(fēng)格模仿了動(dòng)物的動(dòng)作，還有一些則受到了中國(guó)哲學(xué)思想，神話和傳說(shuō)的啟發(fā)。
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