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一些《詩(shī)經(jīng)》里的詩(shī)英譯賞析
《詩(shī)經(jīng)》是中國(guó)古代詩(shī)歌開(kāi)端,最早的一部詩(shī)歌總集,收集了西周初年至春秋中葉(前11世紀(jì)至前6世紀(jì))的詩(shī)歌。作為最早的一部是個(gè)總集,《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的翻譯版本很多,下面是小編整理的一些詩(shī)經(jīng)里的詩(shī)的英譯版本的賞析,歡迎閱讀!
《詩(shī)·王風(fēng)·采葛》
彼采葛兮。一日不見(jiàn),如三月兮。
彼采蕭兮。一日不見(jiàn),如三秋兮。
彼采艾兮。一日不見(jiàn),如三歲兮。
理譯:There he is gathering the dolichos! Is like three seasons!
A day without seeing him There he is gathering the mugwort!
Is like three months! A day without seeing him
There he is gathering the oxtail-southerwood! Is like three years!
A day without seeing him
許譯:One Day when I See Her Not When her I do not see,
To gather vine goes she One day seems long as seasons three.
When her I do not see, To gather herbs goes she.
One day seems longer than months three. When her I do not see,
To gather reed goes she. One day seems longer than years three.
解析:該詩(shī)用重調(diào)疊詠的手法形象生動(dòng)地描寫(xiě)了相愛(ài)青年男女彼此思念的心情。全詩(shī)由三節(jié)組成,“一日不見(jiàn)”在每節(jié)重復(fù),其他行也只改動(dòng)了一個(gè)字,情感程度逐漸加深。兩譯本都保留了原詩(shī)的重調(diào)疊詠,但實(shí)現(xiàn)的方式有所不同。理雅各直譯原詩(shī)的'每一個(gè)詞,詞序沒(méi)有發(fā)生任何變化,用詞與結(jié)構(gòu)與原詩(shī)完全一致,較為可惜的是沒(méi)有像原詩(shī)一樣押韻。許淵沖沒(méi)有字字對(duì)譯,對(duì)詞序做了靈活處理,以更好地傳遞原詩(shī)字里行間所表露出的深層含義和情感。對(duì)于第二節(jié)詠嘆部分“long as"稍作變動(dòng),全詩(shī)沒(méi)有完全一致采用 “longer than".
《采薇》節(jié)選
昔我往矣,楊柳依依。今我來(lái)思,雨雪霏霏。
理譯:And no one knows our sadness.
At first, when we set out,
The willows were fresh and green;
Now, when we shall be returing,
The snow will be falling in clouds.
許譯:When I left here,
Willows shed tear.
I come back now,
Snow bends the bough.
解析:兩種譯本通過(guò)不同的詩(shī)歌形式,都保留了原詩(shī)的意義。理雅各的.譯本提供了大量詳細(xì)注釋和評(píng)論,讀起來(lái)更像散文,具有很高的學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值。而許淵沖的譯本通過(guò)運(yùn)用韻律,在保留原詩(shī)美學(xué)的同時(shí),韻腳工整,格律嚴(yán)格。
原詩(shī)結(jié)構(gòu)一致,講究押韻。理雅各嚴(yán)格遵守原詩(shī)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)和順序,但沒(méi)有押韻,讀起來(lái)更像是富有樂(lè)感散文。許淵沖煞費(fèi)苦心來(lái)保留原詩(shī)音韻美,譯文韻律格式采用:AABBCC,每行四個(gè)音節(jié),雙行押韻,且語(yǔ)言力求簡(jiǎn)短。
《國(guó)風(fēng)·召南·野有死麕》
野有死麕,白茅包之。有女懷春,吉士誘之。
林有樸樕,野有死鹿。白茅純束,有女如玉。
舒而脫脫兮,無(wú)感我?guī)溬猓瑹o(wú)使尨也吠。
理譯:In the wild there is a dead antelope, And it is bound round with the white grass.
And it is wrapped up with the white grass. There is a young lady like a gem.
There is a young lady with thoughts natural to the spring, [She says], Slowly, gently, gently;
And a fine gentleman would lead her astray. Do not move my handkerchief;
In the forest there are th scrubby oaks; Do not make my dog bark.
In the wild there is a dead deer,
許譯:An antelope is killed He sees the white-drest maid
And wrapped in white afield. As beautiful as jade.
A maid for love does long, “O soft and slow, weetheart,
Tempted by a hunter strong. Don't tear my sash apart!"
He cuts down trees amain The jadelike maid says,"Hark!
And kills a deer again. Do not let the dog bark.
解析:從譯文可以看出理譯和許譯對(duì)主題的理解十分不同。理雅各在注解中解釋說(shuō)該詩(shī)告訴我們”一位貞潔的年輕女子如何抵御玩弄女性的騙子的.引誘。”理雅各認(rèn)為詩(shī)中的女子拒絕了男子的引誘,因此是個(gè)貞潔之人。而許淵沖持不同觀點(diǎn),譯者認(rèn)為詩(shī)中前段“獵人獵殺一頭鹿,用白茅包好,作為禮物送給女子”便表明兩者認(rèn)識(shí),女子并未拒接男子。
由于兩位譯者的翻譯目的不同,譯者自身的經(jīng)歷,時(shí)代環(huán)境等等諸多因素都大相徑庭,所以采取的翻譯方法也各不相同。兩種譯文各有所長(zhǎng),對(duì)于《詩(shī)經(jīng)》翻譯都有很高的借鑒意義和研究?jī)r(jià)值。
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