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小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

時(shí)間:2020-08-03 13:14:18 基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

  小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:時(shí)間介詞辨析(上)

小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

  1. 表示年、月、日、時(shí)刻等用 at, on, in

  a)at 用于表示時(shí)刻、時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn):

  at nine (o'clock) 在九點(diǎn)

  at dawn 拂曉時(shí)

  at noon 正午時(shí)

  at present目前

  b)on 用于某天,某一天的上、下午:

  on Monday 在周一

  on June 6 在6月6日

  on May 4, 1996 在1996年5月4日

  on a cold night 在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚

  on the night of July 1st 在七月一日的夜晚

  *指具體的某一天時(shí),一律用on

  泛指一般的上午(下午)時(shí)用in,但特指某日的上午(下午)時(shí)用on:

  in the morning 在早上

  on Sunday morning 在周日早上

  在重大節(jié)日前也可用on:

  on Christmas Eve 在圣誕前夜

  on New Year's Day 在元旦

  c)in 用于表示周、月、季節(jié)、年,泛指的上午、下午、晚上:

  in this week 在這周

  in May 在五月

  in spring 在春季

  in 2010 在2010年

  in September, 1995 在1995年9月

  in the morning 在早上

  2. 表示期間等用 for, during, through/throughout

  a)for 引導(dǎo)一段時(shí)間,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間由始至終,可譯為“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”,一般與有長(zhǎng)度的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用:

  We will stay in the city for two days. 我們要在那里呆兩天。

  He has lived here for a long time. 他在這兒已經(jīng)住了很久了。

  b)during 意為“在……(期間)內(nèi)”的行為或狀態(tài)。

  一般與一段時(shí)間的整體連用。如:during the spring, during last year, during 1980 等,也可以和表示延續(xù)性事件的名詞連用,如:during my childhood, during the lesson, during his visit等。

  *for之后大多跟表示時(shí)間、天數(shù)等的數(shù)字名詞,而during后決不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞。

  in與during:

  during 用來(lái)表示一段時(shí)間,其意義大致相當(dāng)于 in 的用法。一般來(lái)說(shuō),凡是能用 in 的地方,也可以用 during:

  Don't go to see his wife in his absence. 當(dāng)他不在的時(shí)候不要去見(jiàn)他妻子。

  He came to see me during my absence. 當(dāng)我不在的時(shí)候他來(lái)看我了。

  during 與 in 的區(qū)別在于,during 強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù)性,而 in 只是一般指某一時(shí)間。試比較:

  They visited many cities during their stay in China. 呆在中國(guó)期間他們走訪了很多城市。

  Her grandpa was killed in the war. 她的祖父死于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中。

  c)through/throughout 表示“一直……”,強(qiáng)調(diào)從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束:

  They played the cards throughout the night. 他們打了一整夜的牌。

  I'll be staying at camp for five days, Monday through Friday. 我將露營(yíng)五天,從星期一到星期五。

  小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:時(shí)間日期的表達(dá)

  1、時(shí)間的表達(dá)

  A)直接讀寫數(shù)詞。

  如:9:15 nine fifteen 10:30 ten thirty 11:45 eleven forty-five 7:05 seven o five 2:25 two twenty-five 5:55 five fifty-five

  B)借助past和to來(lái)表達(dá)。

  past一般用于30分鐘以內(nèi)(含30分鐘)的時(shí)間表達(dá);to一般用于超過(guò)30分鐘的時(shí)間表達(dá)。一刻鐘可以用a quarter表示,半小時(shí)可以用half表示。

  如:9:15 a quarter past nine 10:30 half past ten 11:45 a quarter to twelve 7:05 five past seven 2:25 twenty-five past two 5:55 five to six

  注意:詢問(wèn)時(shí)間可用句型“What’s the time?”或者“What time is it?”。

  2、日期的表達(dá):

  the+序數(shù)詞+of+月份。

  如:the third of June 六月三日

  注意:詢問(wèn)日期可用句型“What date is it today?”或者“What’s the date today?”。

  練一練:

  1、用兩種方法表達(dá)下列時(shí)間。

  6:45 1:58

  9:05 3:22

  5:50 8:30

  2、用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)下列日期。

  五月一日 九月十日 三月八日

  四月五日 七月九日 八月三日

  一月十五日 六月二日 十二月二十五日

  3、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換,每空一詞。

  1) -What’s the time? -It’s eleven forty-five.

  - ___________ is it? -It’s ___________.

  2) It’s seven o five. It’s time for breakfast.

  It’s___________. It’s time ___________.

  3) -What’s the date today? -It’s 1st October.

  - ___________ is it today? -It’s ___________.

  小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:介詞

  1、介詞是一種虛詞。不能單獨(dú)作句子成分,它只有跟它后面的賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),才能在句子中起作用。

  有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, from…to…, at the back of…

  2、表示時(shí)間的介詞有:at, on, in。

  (1)at表示“在某一個(gè)具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上”,或用在固定詞組中。如:at ten o’clock, at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend…

  (2)on表示“在某日或某日的時(shí)間段”。如:on Friday, on the first of October, on Monday morning…

  (3)in表示“在某一段時(shí)間(月份、季節(jié))里”。如:in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005…

  3、in一詞還有其他的固定搭配,如:in blue(穿著藍(lán)色的衣服),in English(用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)),take part in(參加)。

  練一練:

  1、選用括號(hào)內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。

  1) What’s this _______ ( at, on, in ) English?

  2) Christmas is _______ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.

  3) The man_______ ( with, on, in ) black is Su Hai’s father.

  4) He doesn’t do well _______ ( at, on, in ) PE.

  5) Look at those birds _______ ( on, in ) the tree.

  6) We are going to meet _______ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop _______ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.

  7) Is there a cat _______ ( under, behind, in ) the door?

  8) Helen’s writing paper is _______ ( in, in front of ) her computer.

  9) We live _______ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.

  10) Does it often rain _______ ( at, on, in ) spring there?

  2、圈出下列句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~,并將正確的答案寫在橫線上。

  1) Jim is good in English and Maths.

  2) The films were in the ground just now.

  3) They are talking to their plans.

  4) How many students have their birthdays on May?

  5) Women’s Day is at the third of March.

  6) I can jog to school on the morning.

  7) Did you water trees at the farm?

  8) Can you come and help me on my English?

  9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.

  10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?

  小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:可數(shù)名詞(上)

  樂(lè)加樂(lè)英語(yǔ):小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全:可數(shù)名詞(上),供大家參考學(xué)習(xí)~

  可數(shù)名詞的語(yǔ)法特征

  1. 可數(shù)名詞可以受不定冠詞"a,an"的修飾。

  This is a book. 這是一本書(shū)。

  Pass me an egg, please. 請(qǐng)遞給我一個(gè)蛋。

  2. 可數(shù)名詞可以受基數(shù)詞的修飾。

  There are four pears on the plate. 盤子上有四個(gè)梨。

  3. 可數(shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式。

  Who are those women under the tree? 樹(shù)下那些女人是誰(shuí)?

  How many people are there in your family? 你們家有幾口人?

  I don't like pineapples. 我不喜歡菠蘿。

  4. 可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式不能獨(dú)立使用,必須有"a,the,my"等的修飾。

  She never wears a hat. 她從不戴帽子。(泛指)

  Be careful of the dog. 當(dāng)心那條狗。(特指)

  That's her bag. 那是她的提包。

  5. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞可以獨(dú)立使用,表示泛指。

  Horses are useful animals. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。(泛指)

  復(fù)數(shù)形式變化及發(fā)音規(guī)則

  復(fù)合名詞改成復(fù)數(shù)形式

  一、在詞尾加 -s 或 -es

  1. 主體名詞在詞末

  bedroom → bedrooms 臥室

  toothbrush → toothbrushes 牙刷

  greenhouse → greenhouses 溫室

  letter-box → letter-boxes 信箱

  2. 沒(méi)有主體名詞

  go-between → go-betweens 中間人

  break-in → break-ins 闖入

  has-been → has-beens 過(guò)時(shí)的人、過(guò)時(shí)的物

  forget-me-not → forget-me-nots 勿忘草

  hand-me-down → hand-me-downs 舊衣

  二、在主體名詞詞尾加 -s 或 -es

  son-in-law → sons-in-law 女婿

  editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief 總編輯

  commander-in-chief → commanders-in-chief 總司令

  passer-by → passers-by 過(guò)路人

  vice-premier → vice-premiers 副總理

  三、兩個(gè)構(gòu)成部分都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式

  a woman cook → women cooks 女廚師

  a man nurse → men nurses 男護(hù)士

  編輯推薦:小升初英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法

  高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法易混詞、詞組辨析及試題集

  1. must和have to

  這兩個(gè)詞均表示"必須",must常偏重主觀意志,而have to偏重客觀需要。must一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),而have to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:

  We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我們每天必須六點(diǎn)鐘起床。

  It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,我們必須快點(diǎn)起床。

  We must follow the Party forever. 我們必須永遠(yuǎn)跟著黨走。

  He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他說(shuō)他第二天得和她一道去。

  2. almost 和nearly

  這兩個(gè)詞意思均為"幾乎"、"差不多"。但從程度的角度上說(shuō)almost更接近些,感情色彩也更濃。在與表示否定意義的詞never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none連用時(shí),要用almost,不能用nearly。但可以說(shuō)not nearly,而不能說(shuō)not almost。例如:

  It's nearly time. 時(shí)間快到了。

  It's almost time. 時(shí)間馬上就到了。

  Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 幾乎沒(méi)有人知道昨天發(fā)生在街上的那起交通事故。

  3. the number of 和 a number of

  the number of 意為"……數(shù)目",用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。a number of 意為"許多的"、"一些",用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如:

  A number of students visited the factory last month. 上個(gè)月許多學(xué)生參觀了那個(gè)工廠。

  The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校學(xué)生的人數(shù)是三千多。

  4. go to sleep 和 go to bed

  go to sleep 意為"入睡",指睡著了,表示狀態(tài)。go to bed 意為"去睡覺(jué)",指上床去睡覺(jué),表示動(dòng)作。例如:

  We usually go to bed at eleven. 我們通常十一點(diǎn)上床睡覺(jué)。

  I found that he had gone to sleep. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)睡著了。

  5. receive 與 accept

  receive(vt.)意為"接受",沒(méi)有主觀色彩,指收到了送來(lái)的東西。accept(vt.)意為"接受",指樂(lè)意接受,強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望。例如:

  She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.

  她收到了他的禮物,但她拒絕接受。

  I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天,我收到了一封來(lái) 自美國(guó)的信。

  I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建議。

  6. at the end of 和 in the end

  at the end of 意為"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意為"最后"、"最終"是finally和at last的同義詞。例如:

  After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十個(gè)月以后,他最終完成了工作。

  There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的盡頭有一家商店。

  7. well和good

  兩詞均譯為"好"。當(dāng)兩詞都為形容詞時(shí),good常用作定語(yǔ)。如用作表語(yǔ)時(shí),后面常與介詞for連用。well為形容詞時(shí), 多用作表語(yǔ),指身體好。也可用作定語(yǔ)。例如:

  Spring is a good season. 春天是個(gè)好季節(jié)。

  Milk is good for children. 牛奶對(duì)兒童有益。

  When I saw him, he looked well. 我見(jiàn)到他時(shí),他顯得很健康。

  He is not a well man. 他不是一個(gè)健康的人。

  well還為副詞,而good的副詞也是well。例如:

  He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作業(yè)完成得很好。

  8. sleep和asleep sleep(v.) 動(dòng)詞"睡覺(jué)"。asleep(adj.)形容詞"睡著的"、"沉睡的",只用作表語(yǔ),表示某人睡著了。也常置于名詞后,作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:

  The baby sleeps well. 這個(gè)嬰兒睡得很熟。

  Mother is asleep in the next room. 媽媽在隔壁房里睡著了。

  asleep也常與fall連用。例如:

  he has fallen asleep. 他已經(jīng)睡熟了。

  9. have been to 和 has gone to

  have been to… "曾到過(guò)……"指曾到過(guò)某地,說(shuō)話時(shí)人已經(jīng)回來(lái)。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了,說(shuō)話時(shí),人已不在這里了。例如:

  I have been to Japan. 我曾到過(guò)日本。

  You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你見(jiàn)不到他了, 他已經(jīng)去天津了。

  10. sometimes、sometime和some time

  sometimes(adv.)意為"有時(shí)"、"不時(shí)"是頻度副詞,用作狀語(yǔ)。sometime(adv.)意為"某時(shí)"、"日后",副詞,用作狀語(yǔ)。some time意為"一些時(shí)候",副詞短語(yǔ),用作狀語(yǔ)(也可用作名詞性短語(yǔ))。例如:

  I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些時(shí)候了。

  I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周,我會(huì)來(lái)看你的 。

  Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有時(shí)起得早, 有時(shí)起得晚。

  11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner

  三個(gè)詞均為"在……角"。in the corner 為"在……角里";on the corner為"在……角上""在……拐角上"; at the corner為"在……角邊"。下圖可表示三個(gè)詞的區(qū)別:

  in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner

  例如:The bank is on (at) the corner. 銀行就在拐角上。

  In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.

  在辦公室的角落有一張桌子,在桌角上放著一個(gè)口袋。

  corner作"拐角"解,與之搭配的介詞,美國(guó)英語(yǔ)多用on,英國(guó)英語(yǔ)通常用at;corner作角(即180o以內(nèi)的角)解時(shí)與之搭配的介詞用in,在……內(nèi)部的"角",習(xí)慣上用in the corner of….

  例如:誤:The girl sat at the corner in the classroom

  正:The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.

  那個(gè)女孩子坐在教室的角落里。

  訓(xùn)練

  1、Don't sit the corner of the table.

  A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)

  2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.

  A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)

  3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.

  A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)

  4.The house stands ____ the corner.

  A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)

  典型錯(cuò)誤例析

  1. 承蒙相助,不勝感激。

  誤:That's very kind to you to help me.

  正:That's very kind of you to help me.

  析:在得到對(duì)方幫助、善待時(shí), 你要表示自己的感激之情,常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意為"(某人)對(duì)(某人)好"。

  2.我想盡可能早點(diǎn)見(jiàn)到他。

  誤:I would like seeing him as soon as possible.

  正:I would like to see him as soon as possible.

  析:would like ='d like, 用來(lái)表示"想要、希望、愿意",后跟動(dòng)詞不定式,不跟動(dòng)名詞。

  3.我對(duì)他的漢語(yǔ)有些擔(dān)憂。

  誤:I'm worried for his Chinese. 正:I'm worried about his Chinese.

  析:"對(duì)……擔(dān)憂"應(yīng)用 be worried about 。

  4.兩個(gè)月太長(zhǎng)了。

  誤:Two months are quite a long time.

  正:Two months is quite a long time.

  析:表示重量、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的名詞作主語(yǔ),盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但仍作為一個(gè)整體看待,動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:

  Ten dollars is enough. 十美元夠了。

  5.全家人打算在那兒呆兩個(gè)月。

  誤:The whole family are going there for two months.

  正:The whole family is going there for two months.

  析:在這里family指整個(gè)家庭,所以動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。試比較:My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。(這里指家庭成員,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))

  6.我看見(jiàn)他們正在踢足球。

  誤:I saw them play football.

  正:I saw them playing football.

  析:在see、hear、watch等動(dòng)詞后,既可接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,又可帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),但它們所表示的意義不同。用不定式時(shí)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生了,即動(dòng)作的全部過(guò)程結(jié)束了。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,即處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程 中,還沒(méi)有結(jié)束。

  7.我對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣。

  誤:I'm interesting in science.

  正:I'm interested in science.

  析:interesting "令人感興趣的",可用作標(biāo)語(yǔ),其主語(yǔ)是物,也可以用作定語(yǔ),修飾人或物。interested"感興趣的",常用于be(become) interested的結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)是人。

  8.她沒(méi)乘車去,而是步行的。

  誤:She went there on foot instead by bus.

  正:She went there on foot instead of by bus.

  正:She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.

  析:instead"代替",表示前面的事情沒(méi)有做,而是做了后面的事,一般位于句首或句尾,但不能位于句中,且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那個(gè)句子一般是肯定形式,前面的那個(gè)句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意義,后可接一個(gè)并列成分。

  9.那個(gè)男孩有那么多奇怪的問(wèn)題。

  誤:The boy had such many strange questions.

  正:The boy had so many strange questions.

  析:表示"這樣(那樣)多",可用so many(用于復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)或so much (用不可數(shù)名詞)。它們是固定搭配,so 不能用such代替。

  10.請(qǐng)讓他把音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)兒。

  誤:Ask him to turn off it, please.

  正:Ask him to turn it down, please.

  析:表示通過(guò)使用開(kāi)關(guān)或調(diào)節(jié)器,將電器或類似用品(收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)等)的聲音、亮度等調(diào)低、關(guān)小,用turn down, 其中down是副詞,若是代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則要把代詞放在turn和down之間。

  11.下周我將乘飛機(jī)去上海。

  誤:I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.

  正:I'll fly to Shanghai next week.

  正:I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.

  析:fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再與by air 連用,以免重復(fù)。

  12.我每周看一次電影。

  誤:I go to the cinema once every week.

  正:I go to the cinema once a week.

  析:表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)一定的次數(shù),用"次數(shù)+一段時(shí)間"這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周(月、年)兩次。

  13.包里裝滿了書(shū)。

  誤:The bag is full with books.

  正:The bag is full of books.

  正:The bag is filled with books.

  析:be full of =be filled with, 意為"某容器裝滿了某物",其主語(yǔ)多為容器。

  14.我們每個(gè)人都有一本詞典。

  誤:Each we have a dictionary.

  正:We have a dictionary each.

  正:Each of us has a dictionary.

  析:each可用作同位語(yǔ),放在主語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞之后或句末,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。each of 可和人稱代詞的賓格連用,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。

  15.手術(shù)持續(xù)了五個(gè)小時(shí)。

  誤:The operation kept five hours.

  正:The operation lasted for five hours.

  析:動(dòng)詞last可用來(lái)表示某事物持續(xù)存在下去,也可用于下列情況:某物的數(shù)量達(dá)到在需要的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)夠用,即可說(shuō)那樣?xùn)|西持續(xù)(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)。而keep為"保存、保持"之意,與題意不符。

  16.你知道他們的飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)北京嗎? 誤:Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?

  正:Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?

  析:賓語(yǔ)從句不論其原來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)如何,都使用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即:不顛倒主謂語(yǔ),也不另加助動(dòng)詞。

  17.昆明的天氣比蘭州的好。

  誤:The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.

  正:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.

  析:在比較句型中,比較的內(nèi)容應(yīng)前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天氣"與"蘭州的天氣"比較,而不是與"蘭州"這個(gè)地名相比較。

  18.他告訴我們太陽(yáng)是圓的。

  誤:He told us that the sun was round.

  正:He told us that the sun is round.

  析:在含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要選用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),但從句若陳述的真理性、普遍性的事情等時(shí),則常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

  19.沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。

  誤:No news are good news.

  正:No news is good news.

  析:news盡管看上去是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但常用作不可數(shù)名詞,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 單數(shù)形式。

  20.那臺(tái)電視機(jī)現(xiàn)在立在我們起居室的角落里。

  誤:That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.

  正:That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.

  析:"在室內(nèi)角落處"應(yīng)說(shuō)in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在(街、墻)的拐角處"。

  21. 他正在忙著做家務(wù)。

  誤:He is busy to do his housework.

  正:He is busy doing his housework.

  正:He is busy with his housework.

  析:be busy doing 表示"忙于做……",doing不能改為to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……",但后面只能接名詞,不能接動(dòng)詞的"-ing"形式。

  22.我不得不告訴你這件事,對(duì)嗎?

  誤:I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?

  正:I had to tell you about it, didn't I

  析:have to 意為"不得不",其疑問(wèn)句式的構(gòu)成不能用have,而要根據(jù)不同的人稱和世態(tài),選用助動(dòng)詞do 、does 或did。

  特別提醒:

  含有動(dòng)詞意義的介詞

  在英語(yǔ)中,有一些介詞表示的卻是動(dòng)詞的含義,主要有:

  1.at : 在與表達(dá)感情的形容詞連用時(shí),可代替"聽(tīng)""看"等動(dòng)詞,如:

  She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息時(shí),大吃一驚。

  2.to : 在與go, come , invite等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí), 可代替 "參加""出席" 等動(dòng)詞, 如:

  Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去開(kāi)會(huì)去了。

  3.for;在與go, come , return等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),可代替后面表明 "目的" 動(dòng)詞, 如:

  What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他來(lái)干么?他來(lái)取錢包。

  4.for : 在與start, leave, set等表示離開(kāi),啟程等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的' "走""到""往" 等意思,如:

  They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五時(shí),他們出發(fā)去上海。

  5.有些介詞短語(yǔ)作連系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ),有動(dòng)詞含義,如:What is he at? 他在干什么?

  6.有些介詞短語(yǔ)可代替動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ),自然會(huì)有動(dòng)詞意義,如: It's time for breakfast.現(xiàn)在是早餐的時(shí)間了/ 該吃早飯了。

  7.with,在類似下列的句子中,意為use,如:

  He often writes with my pen他時(shí)常以我的鋼筆寫. 他常有我的鋼筆寫字。

  8.by與表示交通工具的單詞連用,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的 "坐""乘" 等意思,如:

  Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火車去工作? 你們打算乘飛機(jī)還是坐火車去旅行?

  但是不能說(shuō)這些介詞就等于這些動(dòng)詞,更不能用它們充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

  高考英語(yǔ)二輪語(yǔ)法易混詞、詞組辨析及試題集

  1. must和have to

  這兩個(gè)詞均表示"必須",must常偏重主觀意志,而have to偏重客觀需要。must一般只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),而have to則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。例如:

  We must get up at six o'clock every day. 我們每天必須六點(diǎn)鐘起床。

  It is no time, we have to get up in a hurry. 沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,我們必須快點(diǎn)起床。

  We must follow the Party forever. 我們必須永遠(yuǎn)跟著黨走。

  He said he would have to go with her the next day. 他說(shuō)他第二天得和她一道去。

  2. almost 和nearly

  這 兩個(gè)詞意思均為"幾乎"、"差不多"。但從程度的角度上說(shuō)almost更接近些,感情色彩也更濃。在與表示否定意義的詞never、nobody、no one、nothing、nowhere、none連用時(shí),要用almost,不能用nearly。但可以說(shuō)not nearly,而不能說(shuō)not almost。例如:

  It's nearly time. 時(shí)間快到了。

  It's almost time. 時(shí)間馬上就到了。

  Almost nobody knew the accident that happened in the street yesterday. 幾乎沒(méi)有人知道昨天發(fā)生在街上的那起交通事故。

  3. the number of 和 a number of

  the number of 意為"……數(shù)目",用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。a number of 意為"許多的"、"一些",用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。例如:

  A number of students visited the factory last month. 上個(gè)月許多學(xué)生參觀了那個(gè)工廠。

  The number of the students of our school is more than three thousand. 我校學(xué)生的人數(shù)是三千多。

  4. go to sleep 和 go to bed

  go to sleep 意為"入睡",指睡著了,表示狀態(tài)。go to bed 意為"去睡覺(jué)",指上床去睡覺(jué),表示動(dòng)作。例如:

  We usually go to bed at eleven. 我們通常十一點(diǎn)上床睡覺(jué)。

  I found that he had gone to sleep. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他已經(jīng)睡著了。

  5. receive 與 accept

  receive(vt.)意為"接受",沒(méi)有主觀色彩,指收到了送來(lái)的東西。accept(vt.)意為"接受",指樂(lè)意接受,強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀愿望。例如:

  She received a gift from him, but she refused to accept it.

  她收到了他的禮物,但她拒絕接受。

  I received a letter from America yesterday. 昨天,我收到了一封來(lái) 自美國(guó)的信。

  I accepted the advice of his. 我接受了他的建議。

  6. at the end of 和 in the end

  at the end of 意為"在……的末尾"、"在……的末端"。in the end意為"最后"、"最終"是finally和at last的同義詞。例如:

  After ten months, he finished his work in the end. 十個(gè)月以后,他最終完成了工作。

  There is a shop at the end of the street. 在街的盡頭有一家商店。

  7. well和good

  兩詞均譯為"好"。當(dāng)兩詞都為形容詞時(shí),good常用作定語(yǔ)。如用作表語(yǔ)時(shí),后面常與介詞for連用。well為形容詞時(shí), 多用作表語(yǔ),指身體好。也可用作定語(yǔ)。例如:

  Spring is a good season. 春天是個(gè)好季節(jié)。

  Milk is good for children. 牛奶對(duì)兒童有益。

  When I saw him, he looked well. 我見(jiàn)到他時(shí),他顯得很健康。

  He is not a well man. 他不是一個(gè)健康的人。

  well還為副詞,而good的副詞也是well。例如:

  He finished his homework well. 他的家庭作業(yè)完成得很好。

  8. sleep和asleep sleep(v.) 動(dòng)詞"睡覺(jué)"。asleep(adj.)形容詞"睡著的"、"沉睡的",只用作表語(yǔ),表示某人睡著了。也常置于名詞后,作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:

  The baby sleeps well. 這個(gè)嬰兒睡得很熟。

  Mother is asleep in the next room. 媽媽在隔壁房里睡著了。

  asleep也常與fall連用。例如:

  he has fallen asleep. 他已經(jīng)睡熟了。

  9. have been to 和 has gone to

  have been to… "曾到過(guò)……"指曾到過(guò)某地,說(shuō)話時(shí)人已經(jīng)回來(lái)。have gone to "到……去了"指已到某地去了,說(shuō)話時(shí),人已不在這里了。例如:

  I have been to Japan. 我曾到過(guò)日本。

  You can't see him. He has gone to Tianjin. 你見(jiàn)不到他了, 他已經(jīng)去天津了。

  10. sometimes、sometime和some time

  sometimes(adv.)意為"有時(shí)"、"不時(shí)"是頻度副詞,用作狀語(yǔ)。sometime(adv.)意為"某時(shí)"、"日后",副詞,用作狀語(yǔ)。some time意為"一些時(shí)候",副詞短語(yǔ),用作狀語(yǔ)(也可用作名詞性短語(yǔ))。例如:

  I have been waiting for you for some time. 我已等了你一些時(shí)候了。

  I'll come to see you sometime next week. 下周,我會(huì)來(lái)看你的 。

  Sometimes I get up late, sometimes I get up early. 我有時(shí)起得早, 有時(shí)起得晚。

  11. in the corner 、on the corner 和at the corner

  三個(gè)詞均為"在……角"。in the corner 為"在……角里";on the corner為"在……角上""在……拐角上"; at the corner為"在……角邊"。下圖可表示三個(gè)詞的區(qū)別:

  in the corner on the corner (on)at the corner

  例如:The bank is on (at) the corner. 銀行就在拐角上。

  In the corner of the office stands a desk, on the corner of which lies a bag.

  在辦公室的角落有一張桌子,在桌角上放著一個(gè)口袋。

  corner作"拐角"解,與之搭配的介詞,美國(guó)英語(yǔ)多用on,英國(guó)英語(yǔ)通常用at;corner作角(即180o以內(nèi)的角)解時(shí)與之搭配的介詞用in,在……內(nèi)部的"角",習(xí)慣上用in the corner of….

  例如:誤:The girl sat at the corner in the classroom

  正:The girl sat in the corner in the classroom.

  那個(gè)女孩子坐在教室的角落里。

  訓(xùn)練

  1、Don't sit the corner of the table.

  A. on B. in C. to D. at (A)

  2. The boy sat _____ the corner of the room.

  A. at B. in C. on D. to (B)

  3. People came _____ the four corners of the earth.

  A. in B. at C. from D. on (C)

  4.The house stands ____ the corner.

  A. from B. to C. in D. on (D)

  典型錯(cuò)誤例析

  1. 承蒙相助,不勝感激。

  誤:That's very kind to you to help me.

  正:That's very kind of you to help me.

  析:在得到對(duì)方幫助、善待時(shí), 你要表示自己的感激之情,常用 That(It) is very kind of you (to do sth.)。而be kind to 意為"(某人)對(duì)(某人)好"。

  2.我想盡可能早點(diǎn)見(jiàn)到他。

  誤:I would like seeing him as soon as possible.

  正:I would like to see him as soon as possible.

  析:would like ='d like, 用來(lái)表示"想要、希望、愿意",后跟動(dòng)詞不定式,不跟動(dòng)名詞。

  3.我對(duì)他的漢語(yǔ)有些擔(dān)憂。

  誤:I'm worried for his Chinese. 正:I'm worried about his Chinese.

  析:"對(duì)……擔(dān)憂"應(yīng)用 be worried about 。

  4.兩個(gè)月太長(zhǎng)了。

  誤:Two months are quite a long time.

  正:Two months is quite a long time.

  析:表示重量、時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的名詞作主語(yǔ),盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但仍作為一個(gè)整體看待,動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如:

  Ten dollars is enough. 十美元夠了。

  5.全家人打算在那兒呆兩個(gè)月。

  誤:The whole family are going there for two months.

  正:The whole family is going there for two months.

  析:在這里family指整個(gè)家庭,所以動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。試比較:My family are very well. 我全家都很健康。(這里指家庭成員,動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù))

  6.我看見(jiàn)他們正在踢足球。

  誤:I saw them play football.

  正:I saw them playing football.

  析:在see、hear、watch等動(dòng)詞后,既可接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式,又可帶現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),但它們所表示的意義不同。用不定式時(shí)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生了,即動(dòng)作的全部過(guò)程結(jié)束了。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生,即處于發(fā)生的過(guò)程 中,還沒(méi)有結(jié)束。

  7.我對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣。

  誤:I'm interesting in science.

  正:I'm interested in science.

  析:interesting "令人感興趣的",可用作標(biāo)語(yǔ),其主語(yǔ)是物,也可以用作定語(yǔ),修飾人或物。interested"感興趣的",常用于be(become) interested的結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)是人。

  8.她沒(méi)乘車去,而是步行的。

  誤:She went there on foot instead by bus.

  正:She went there on foot instead of by bus.

  正:She didn't go there by bus. She went there on foot instead.

  析:instead"代替",表示前面的事情沒(méi)有做,而是做了后面的事,一般位于句首或句尾,但不能位于句中,且不能接并列成分。instead所在的那個(gè)句子一般是肯定形式,前面的那個(gè)句子一般是否定形式。而instead of具有否定意義,后可接一個(gè)并列成分。

  9.那個(gè)男孩有那么多奇怪的問(wèn)題。

  誤:The boy had such many strange questions.

  正:The boy had so many strange questions.

  析:表示"這樣(那樣)多",可用so many(用于復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)或so much (用不可數(shù)名詞)。它們是固定搭配,so 不能用such代替。

  10.請(qǐng)讓他把音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)兒。

  誤:Ask him to turn off it, please.

  正:Ask him to turn it down, please.

  析:表示通過(guò)使用開(kāi)關(guān)或調(diào)節(jié)器,將電器或類似用品(收音機(jī)、電視機(jī)等)的聲音、亮度等調(diào)低、關(guān)小,用turn down, 其中down是副詞,若是代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),則要把代詞放在turn和down之間。

  11.下周我將乘飛機(jī)去上海。

  誤:I'll fly to Shanghai by air next week.

  正:I'll fly to Shanghai next week.

  正:I'll get to Shanghai by air(plane) next week.

  析:fly to some place =go to some place by air(plane), 它不能再與by air 連用,以免重復(fù)。

  12.我每周看一次電影。

  誤:I go to the cinema once every week.

  正:I go to the cinema once a week.

  析:表示在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)出現(xiàn)一定的次數(shù),用"次數(shù)+一段時(shí)間"這一結(jié)構(gòu)。如 twice a week(month、year) 每周(月、年)兩次。

  13.包里裝滿了書(shū)。

  誤:The bag is full with books.

  正:The bag is full of books.

  正:The bag is filled with books.

  析:be full of =be filled with, 意為"某容器裝滿了某物",其主語(yǔ)多為容器。

  14.我們每個(gè)人都有一本詞典。

  誤:Each we have a dictionary.

  正:We have a dictionary each.

  正:Each of us has a dictionary.

  析:each可用作同位語(yǔ),放在主語(yǔ)、助動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞之后或句末,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。each of 可和人稱代詞的賓格連用,謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。

  15.手術(shù)持續(xù)了五個(gè)小時(shí)。

  誤:The operation kept five hours.

  正:The operation lasted for five hours.

  析:動(dòng)詞last可用來(lái)表示某事物持續(xù)存在下去,也可用于下列情況:某物的數(shù)量達(dá)到在需要的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)夠用,即可說(shuō)那樣?xùn)|西持續(xù)(多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)。而keep為"保存、保持"之意,與題意不符。

  16.你知道他們的飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)北京嗎? 誤:Do you know what time does their plane leave Beijing?

  正:Do you know what time their plane leaves Beijing?

  析:賓語(yǔ)從句不論其原來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)如何,都使用陳述句語(yǔ)序,即:不顛倒主謂語(yǔ),也不另加助動(dòng)詞。

  17.昆明的天氣比蘭州的好。

  誤:The weather of Kunming is better than Lanzhou.

  正:The weather of Kunming is better than that of Lanzhou.

  析:在比較句型中,比較的內(nèi)容應(yīng)前后一致。本句是拿"昆明的天氣"與"蘭州的天氣"比較,而不是與"蘭州"這個(gè)地名相比較。

  18.他告訴我們太陽(yáng)是圓的。

  誤:He told us that the sun was round.

  正:He told us that the sun is round.

  析:在含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中,主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí),從句可根據(jù)需要選用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài),但從句若陳述的真理性、普遍性的事情等時(shí),則常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

  19.沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。

  誤:No news are good news.

  正:No news is good news.

  析:news盡管看上去是復(fù)數(shù)形式,但常用作不可數(shù)名詞,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用 單數(shù)形式。

  20.那臺(tái)電視機(jī)現(xiàn)在立在我們起居室的角落里。

  誤:That TV set is now standing at the corner of our sitting room.

  正:That TV set is now standing in the corner of our sitting room.

  析:"在室內(nèi)角落處"應(yīng)說(shuō)in the corner; 而at(on) the corner (of)表示"在(街、墻)的拐角處"。

  21. 他正在忙著做家務(wù)。

  誤:He is busy to do his housework.

  正:He is busy doing his housework.

  正:He is busy with his housework.

  析:be busy doing 表示"忙于做……",doing不能改為to do; be busy with 也表示"忙于做……",但后面只能接名詞,不能接動(dòng)詞的"-ing"形式。

  22.我不得不告訴你這件事,對(duì)嗎?

  誤:I had to tell you about it, hadn't I?

  正:I had to tell you about it, didn't I

  析:have to 意為"不得不",其疑問(wèn)句式的構(gòu)成不能用have,而要根據(jù)不同的人稱和世態(tài),選用助動(dòng)詞do 、does 或did。

  特別提醒:

  含有動(dòng)詞意義的介詞

  在英語(yǔ)中,有一些介詞表示的卻是動(dòng)詞的含義,主要有:

  1.at : 在與表達(dá)感情的形容詞連用時(shí),可代替"聽(tīng)""看"等動(dòng)詞,如:

  She was greatly surprised at the bad news. 她聽(tīng)到這個(gè)壞消息時(shí),大吃一驚。

  2.to : 在與go, come , invite等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí), 可代替 "參加""出席" 等動(dòng)詞, 如:

  Prof. Wang has gone to a meeting. 王教授去開(kāi)會(huì)去了。

  3.for;在與go, come , return等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),可代替后面表明 "目的" 動(dòng)詞, 如:

  What did he come for? He came for his wallet.他來(lái)干么?他來(lái)取錢包。

  4.for : 在與start, leave, set等表示離開(kāi),啟程等動(dòng)詞連用時(shí),相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的 "走""到""往" 等意思,如:

  They start for Shanghai at five early tomorrow morning明早五時(shí),他們出發(fā)去上海。

  5.有些介詞短語(yǔ)作連系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ),有動(dòng)詞含義,如:What is he at? 他在干什么?

  6.有些介詞短語(yǔ)可代替動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ),作定語(yǔ),自然會(huì)有動(dòng)詞意義,如: It's time for breakfast.現(xiàn)在是早餐的時(shí)間了/ 該吃早飯了。

  7.with,在類似下列的句子中,意為use,如:

  He often writes with my pen他時(shí)常以我的鋼筆寫. 他常有我的鋼筆寫字。

  8.by與表示交通工具的單詞連用,相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的 "坐""乘" 等意思,如:

  Are you going to travel by plane or by train?他坐火車去工作? 你們打算乘飛機(jī)還是坐火車去旅行?

  但是不能說(shuō)這些介詞就等于這些動(dòng)詞,更不能用它們充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。

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