簡單英語語法知識

　　there be句式有時可以與情態(tài)動詞連用

　　■與 can / could 連用

　　There can be no doubt about that.

　　那是毫無疑問的。

　　Without heavy industry there can be no economic advance.

　　沒有重工業(yè)，就沒有經濟的發(fā)展。

　　If the police hadn’t closed the road there could have been a bad accident.

　　要不是警方關閉了道路，本來會發(fā)生嚴重車禍的。

　　■與may / might 連用

　　There might still be hope.

　　可能還有希望。

　　There may be a letter for me.

　　大概有我一封信。

　　There may be a storm tomorrow.

　　明天可能有風暴。

　　At the end there may be an index.

　　結尾處可能有索引。

　　There might be drinks if you wait for a bit.

　　如果你等一會兒，可能會有飲料。

　　There may be more importance in it than would seem.

　　它的重要意義可能要比看上去大。

　　■與must 連用

　　There must be a mistake.

　　一定是弄錯了。

　　He felt there must be something wrong.

　　他感到準有什么問題。

　　There must be somebody at home—ring again.

　　家里肯定有人——再按一下鈴。

　　There must be some book which could help.

　　一定有那么本書可以幫我們的忙。

　　That can’t be the only way. There must be other ways of solving the problem.

　　那不是解決問題的唯一辦法，肯定有另外的辦法。

　　■與 should 連用

　　There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.

　　對此不應有什么懷疑。

　　It is important that there should be afire escape.

　　要有一個太平梯，這很重要。

　　The widow begged that there should be no reprisals.

　　遺孀祈求不要去搞復仇。

　　■與 ought to 連用

　　There ought to be a comma here.

　　這兒應有一個逗號。

　　There shouldn’t be any doubt about it.

　　對此不應有什么懷疑。

　　There ought to be traffic lights at this crossroads.

　　這個十字路口應該有紅綠燈。

　　There ought to be enough of a fire left up there.

　　上面那兒殘留的火勢該夠大了。

　　There oughtn’t to have been any difficulty about it

　　此事本不應有什么困難。

　　■與 used to 連用

　　There used to be a small park just around the corner.

　　以前在那個拐角就有一個小公園。

　　There are more flowers than there used to he.

　　現在比過去花兒更多了。

　　There used to be a cinema here, didn’t there?

　　過去這兒是有一家電影院的，是嗎?

　　There used to be a hospital here.

　　原來這里有家醫(yī)院。

　　There used to be four cinemas in the town, now there is only one.

　　過去這座城市有四家電影院�，F在只有一家了。

　　從零開始學語法：情態(tài)動詞can與may的用法

　　can 的用法

　　一、表能力，有“能，會，能夠”的意思。例如：

　　-Can you drive a car? 你會開車嗎?

　　-Yes, I can. 我會。/ No, I can't. 我不會。

　　二、表允許，在口語中代替may，有“可以”的意思。

　　(見下面 may 的用法第四點)

　　三、表示可能性，常用于否定句和疑問句。例如：

　　Can it be true? 那會是真的嗎?

　　Today is Sunday. He can't be at school. 今天是星期天，他不可能在學校里。

　　很多同學都不太清楚 can 與 be able to 的異同吧，趕快來學習一下吧>>

　　may 的用法

　　一、表示許可或征求對方的許可，有“可以”的意思。例如：

　　You may go now. 你可以走了。

　　May I use your computer? 我用一下你的電腦可以嗎?

　　二、回答以 may 開頭的疑問句有如下表達法：

　　-May I smoke here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎?

　　-Yes, you may. / Yes, please. 請抽吧。

　　-No, you can't. / No, you mustn't. / No, you'd better not. 請不要抽煙。

　　三、表示猜測，通常只用于陳述句。例如：

　　You may be right. 你可能是對的。

　　四、在口語中 can 可以代替 may 表示許可，但 can 較隨便，may 更正式。例：

　　Can I use your bike, John? 約翰，我可以用一下你的自行車嗎?

　　May I have a look at your license please, sir? 先生，我可以看一下你的執(zhí)照嗎?

　　從零開始學語法：情態(tài)動詞must與have to的用法

　　must 的用法

　　一、表義務，“必須”。例如：

　　You must talk to them about their study. 你必須同他們談談關于他們學習的事。

　　二、在否定結構中表不許。例如：

　　You mustn't leave here. 你不能離開這兒。

　　三、表推測，暗含有很大的可能性。例如：

　　He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的臉色那么蒼白。

　　注意：之前我們說過 may 也可以表猜測，但是 may 暗含的可能性較小，must 暗含的可能性較大。另外否定的猜測是用can't。例如：

　　The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那寶寶不大可能是病了。他那么活躍。

　　四、表不可避免，“必然要，必定會”。例如：

　　All men must die. 人總有一死。

　　五、表主張，“堅持要，一定要”。例如：

　　If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你堅持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。

　　六、關于 must 的簡短回答：

　　-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必須馬上打掃膳廳嗎?

　　-Yes, you must. 是的。

　　-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必馬上打掃。

　　have to 的用法

　　一、have to 表客觀的需要和義務，must 表主觀的認識。例如：

　　I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我沒搭上火車，所以我只得打的。(客觀上需要打的)

　　I must study hard. 我必須努力學習。(主觀上認為應該努力學習)

　　二、在疑問句和否定句中，have to 多用助動詞 do 構成，must 則直接提前或加not。例如：

　　Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事嗎?

　　而且在否定句中，have to 表不需要，must 表不允許：

　　You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那兒。

　　You mustn't go there? 你不可去那兒。

　　2014高考英語抓分訓練：情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣、非謂語動詞、復合句(含答案解析)

　　一、情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣考點

　　I am a middle school student. I have many dreams. If there 1.________ (be) not so much homework, I would have more time to do what I like to do. How I wish I 2.________ (listen) to my favourite music for an hour a day and 3.________ (play) table tennis for an hour in the morning. It's my desire that we 4.________ (hold) evening parties or 5.________ (organize) some interesting activities at weekend. I suggest that t here 6.________ (be) not so many tests. You can imagine what life 7.________ (will) be if I8.________ (realize) my dream. But I must face the exams. Without good marks, I 9.________ (will) not enter my ideal university. Anyway, it's high time that I 10.________ (encourage) myself and worked hard from now on.

　　二、不定式考點

　　Dear Editors，

　　My name is Adam Rouse. I'm 19 years old and I used 1.________ (be) a heavy smoker. I first started 2.________ (smoke) when I was only 15 alt hough I know it is very harmful 3.________ (smoke) at any time.

　　I read your magazine and know that there are some organizations 4.________ (help)people stop smoking.Participants learn 5.________ (recognise) smoking triggers and they try 6.________ (set) a date in the future when they will stop 7.________ (smoke)on purpose.Now, I am looking for some ideas 8.________ (help) myself 9.________ (give) up smoking and I expect myself 10.________ (accept) as a member of your organizations.

　　Yours sincerely，

　　Li Lei

　　三、分詞考點

　　Many years ago, a young foreigner 1.________ (call) Marco Polo travelled all the way from Italy to China. From then on a window to the east has been 2.________ (open) for westerners.

　　Two kinds of gold coins once 3.________ (make) by Europeans showed their respects to the great explorer.

　　Marco Polo was 4.________ (bear) in 1254. He l ived in Venice, a rich city in Italy. Marco's father and uncle were merchants. They had travelled to the east. So when Marco was young, he enjoyed 5.________ (listen) to the stories about the places 6.________ (visit) by his father. His father decided 7.________ (take) him on a trip. When Marco Polo was just 17, he left his country for China. They were among the first to go along the silk road. They had a lot of trouble in 8.________(explore). So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo, but he was very brave. After about four years, Marco met Kublai Khan who gave him a job. Marco spent 17 years 9.________ (work) for him. He visited most parts of China. He learned lots of 10.________ (interest) things about Chinese life. When he returned home, he let others know about things like coal and paper money. He wrote about his trip in a famous book.

　　四、動名詞考點

　　Everyone needs friends. There is an old 1.________ (say): friends are God's way of 2.________ (take) care of us. But how do you find real friendship and keep it?

　　The Care and Keeping of Friends by American author Sally Seamans tells young students some smart ways of 3.________ (find) friends. Sally says 4.________ (arrive) at friendship is just like 5.________ (plant) a tree. You plant the seed and take care of it to make it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a hard day, a good friend should l isten to your complaints and do their best 6.________ (help). To make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your life. But things can't always be happy. Even the best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friends? You have to talk to them. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn't want 7.________ (talk), you could write a letter.

　　Sally says there are three steps to 8.________ (be) friends again. Tell him or her how you are feeling, say what your friend has done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. The book also has advice on some small but important things like 9.________ (celebrate) your friends' success. Even if you haven't had a real friend before, you will start 10.________ (think) of having one if you read this book, because the book tells that friendship is the most important thing in your life.

　　五、名詞性從句考點

　　Three years had passed and things were even worse than before. One can hardly imagine 1.________ the poor people suffered. Most of the workers lost their jobs and in order to provide for their families they sold everything 2.________ they had in their houses. They could neither get food nor clot hing. Many of them fell ill and died.

　　Now they began to understand 3.________ the factory owners were their enemies. But they believed that 4.________ the government knew 5.________ hard their conditions were, they would give them some help . In a meeting they decided 6.________ they should send some of their men to London to tell the government of the truth. Jackson was chosen to be one of them to go to the capital. He felt proud 7.________ he could do something for his friends.

　　A few days later, when Jackson came back from London and was asked to tell about 8.________ had happened there, he replied in a low voice, “I will never forget 9.________ we workers were treated there, and I will never forgive those who refused to hear us. Friends, let us do all we can to struggle against the capitalists and the government 10.________ supports them.”

　　六、定語從句考點

　　Some day, if you are lucky, you may see a bongo. But the only way 1.________ most people will see it is in a zoo. They are found in Africa, 2.________ they lived deep in forests. Even in Africa, very few people ever get to see a bongo. The bongo does not come out of the forest very often. It is an animal 3.________ keeps to itself.

　　The bongo has beautiful colouring. Its hair is bright brown mixed with orange and red. Down its back an d across its sides the bongo has yellowwhite strips. Animals 4.________ look for food at night usually have big eyes. This helps them see better at night. The forests in 5.________ bongos live are very dark. The eyes of bongos are very big. So, they have not trouble in living in the darkness.

　　Bongos in zoos do not like to go outside on bright days. They only go outside on those days when it is dark or very cloudy.

　　七、狀語從句考點

　　Two travelling angels stopped to spend the night in the home of a wealthy family. The family was rude and refused to let the angels stay in the mansion's guestroom. Instead the angels were given a small space in the cold basement. 1.________ they made their bed on the hard floor, the older angel saw a hole in the wall and repaired it. When the younger angel asked 2.________， the older angel replied, “Things aren't always 3.________they seem.”

　　The next night the pair came to rest at the house of a very poor, 4.________ very hospitable farmer and his wife. After sharing what little food they had，the couple let the angels sleep in their bed 5.________ they could have a good night's rest. 6.________ the sun came up the next morning the angels found the farmer and his wife in tears. Their only cow, 7.________milk had been their sole income, lay dead in the field. The younger angel was infuriated and asked the older angel, “How could you have let this happen?” “The first man had everything, yet you helped him，” she accused. “The second family had little 8.________ was willing to share everything and you let the cow die.”

　　“Things aren't always what they seem, ” the older angel replied.“9.________ we stayed in the basement of the mansion, I noticed there was gold stored in the hole in the wall. 10.________ the owner was so obsessed with greed and unwilling to share his good fortune, I sealed the wall and he wouldn't find it. Then last night as we slept in the farmer's bed, the angel of death came to his wife. I asked God if the angel could take the cow instead.”

　　八、復合句考點

　　Gandhi was honoured as the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected and beloved by the Indians with the belief 1.________ he is an Indian national hero. He was born in India in 1869. 2.________ is recorded, he got married at the age of 13, following the local custom. In 1888 he sailed to England, 3.________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. 4.________ his return to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case. In South Africa he was surprised to find 5.________ the problem of racial discrimination was serious. There he formed an organization and this was 6.________ he started to fight for equal rights. Gandhi returned to India in 1915, 7.________ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country. 8.________ in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison and it was still not sure9.________ they could gain independence, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in and India won its independence in 1947. Unfortunately, Gandhi was shot by an Indian 10.________ opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.

　　一、情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣考點

　　1.were 2.listened 3.played 4.(should) hold

　　5.(should) organize 6.(should) be 7.would

　　8.realized/ should realize/ were to realize 9.would

　　10.encouraged

　　二、不定式考點

　　1.to be 2.smoking/to smoke 3.to smoke 4.to help

　　5.to recognise 6.to set 7.smoking 8.to help

　　9.(to)give 10.to be accepted

　　三、分詞考點

　　1.called 2.opened 3.made 4.born 5.listening

　　6.visited 7.to take 8.exploring 9.working

　　10.interesting

　　四、動名詞考點

　　1.saying 2.taking 3.finding 4.a rriving 5.planting

　　6.to help 7.to talk 8.being 9.celebrating

　　10.thinking/to think

　　五、名詞性從句考點

　　1.how 2.that 3.that 4.if 5.how 6.that 7.that 8.what 9.how 10.that

　　六、定語從句考點

　　1.that 2.where 3.that/which 4.that/which 5.which

　　七、狀語從句考點

　　1 .As/When 2.why 3.what 4.but 5.where

　　6.When 7.whose 8.but 9.When 10.Since/Because

　　八、復合句考點

　　1.that 2.As 3.where 4.On/After 5.that 6.how

　　7.when 8.Though/Although 9.whether 10.who

　　小升初英語語法大全：情態(tài)動詞must與have to的用法

　　must 的用法

　　一、表義務，“必須”。例如：

　　You must talk to them about their study. 你必須同他們談談關于他們學習的事。

　　二、在否定結構中表不許。例如：

　　You mustn't leave here. 你不能離開這兒。

　　三、表推測，暗含有很大的可能性。例如：

　　He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他肯定是病了。他的臉色那么蒼白。

　　注意：之前我們說過 may 也可以表猜測，但是 may 暗含的可能性較小，must 暗含的可能性較大。另外否定的猜測是用can't。例如：

　　The baby can't be ill. He is so active. 那寶寶不大可能是病了。他那么活躍。

　　四、表不可避免，“必然要，必定會”。例如：

　　All men must die. 人總有一死。

　　五、表主張，“堅持要，一定要”。例如：

　　If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 如果你堅持要走，至少也要等雨停了再走。

　　六、關于 must 的簡短回答：

　　-Must I clean the dining room at once? 我必須馬上打掃膳廳嗎?

　　-Yes, you must. 是的。

　　-No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必馬上打掃。

　　have to 的用法

　　一、have to 表客觀的需要和義務，must 表主觀的認識。例如：

　　I missed the train, so I had to take a taxi. 我沒搭上火車，所以我只得打的。(客觀上需要打的)

　　I must study hard. 我必須努力學習。(主觀上認為應該努力學習)

　　二、在疑問句和否定句中，have to 多用助動詞 do 構成，must 則直接提前或加not。例如：

　　Did he have to do it? = Must he do it? 他得做那件事嗎?

　　而且在否定句中，have to 表不需要，must 表不允許：

　　You don't have to go there. 你不需要去那兒。

　　You mustn't go there? 你不可去那兒。

　　2011年中考英語試題單項選擇之情態(tài)動詞和系動詞（1）

　　(2010 .河北省卷,31. 1) -Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?

　　-Yes, you ________.

　　A. must B. can C. may D. need

　�。�2010湖南省婁底市5. 1） -Must I be in hospital for a week， Doctor? ?

　　-No， you . You can go back home tomorrow.?

　　A.mustn’t B.needn’t C. must?

　　（2010湖南省婁底市7. 1） -What do you think of the cake??

　　-I like it very much. It tastes .?

　　A.good B.terrible C. well

　　(2010.江蘇省鹽城市3.1)The desk is not dirty.You_______clean it.

　　A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t C.can’t

　　(2010.四川省內江市23. 1)-What is your mother going to do this Saturday?

　　--I’m not sure.She_____go to see my grandmother.

　　A.can B.must C.may

　�。�2010.四川省自貢市31. 1）-May we leave the classroom now?

　　--No,you _________.You_________to leave until the bell rings.

　　A.must;are allowed B.can’t ,aren’t supposed

　　C.needn’t ;aren’t allowed

　　答案：ABACCC

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