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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法時(shí)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)要領(lǐng)
過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：I/he/she/it was working; we/you/they were working
(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，一般要有表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)
At that time she was working in Oxford. 那時(shí)，她正在牛津大學(xué)工作.
It was raining at 6 o'clock this morning. 今天早晨六點(diǎn)鐘天正下著雨.
What were you doing when I phoned you last night? 昨晚我給你打電話時(shí)你在干什么？
(2)可用來(lái)表示由過(guò)去某時(shí)持續(xù)到另一時(shí)間的過(guò)去動(dòng)作
He was studying in Cambridge between 1999 and 2001.
在1999年和2001年那段時(shí)間，他在劍橋?qū)W習(xí).
From January to March I was traveling in Egypt.
從3月份到4月份期間，我在埃及旅游.
(3)表示故事發(fā)生的背景
It was a sunny morning. Some people were sitting on the riverbank. Some were walking with their dogs. Several boys were playing football nearby...
一個(gè)陽(yáng)光明媚的清晨.河堤上坐著幾個(gè)人.有的人在溜狗.不遠(yuǎn)處有幾個(gè)男童在踢足球...
(4)與某些動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)，代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
這類動(dòng)詞有 come來(lái), go去, leave離開, start開始, stay逗留 等.主語(yǔ)必須是人.
He telephoned me, saying that his aunt was coming to see me soon.
他打電話給我，說(shuō)他姨很快就要看我了.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，這種情況常與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
We have lived here since last October. 自從去年十月份我們就一直住在這兒。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她學(xué)英語(yǔ)已有5年之久
(2) 表示某個(gè)已經(jīng)發(fā)生且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果的動(dòng)作，這種情況常不與任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
對(duì)不起，我把鑰匙弄丟了.門開不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已經(jīng)走了.如果你想見她的話，你得明天再來(lái)一趟.
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：I/ we shall work ， he/ she/ it/ you/ they will work
will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在疑問句中常用于第二人稱
(1)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
Perhaps I shall play a visit to France this winter.
我可能在今年冬天到法國(guó)觀光。
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七點(diǎn)你會(huì)在家嗎？
(2)“be going to +不定式”多用于口語(yǔ)中，表示打算、將要發(fā)生的事.
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你要干什么？
Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，暴風(fēng)雨快來(lái)了.
(3)“be +不定式”表示安排或計(jì)劃好了的動(dòng)作
When are they to hand in their plan? 他們的計(jì)劃什么時(shí)候交上來(lái)？
The queen is to visit Japan next year. 女王將于明年訪日.
(4)“be about +不定式”表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
He is about to retire. 他即將退休.
The English evening is about to begin. 英語(yǔ)晚會(huì)即將開始.
(5)come，go等動(dòng)詞用“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或時(shí)間表將要發(fā)生的事
He starts next week. 他下個(gè)星期出發(fā).
We leave very soon. 我們很快就離開.
(6)come，go等動(dòng)詞在口語(yǔ)中用“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”表示主語(yǔ)計(jì)劃將要作的動(dòng)作
They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約.
Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要啟程嗎？
過(guò)去完成時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：I/we/you/they had worked; he/she/it had worked
(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與由by，before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
We had learned 5000 words by the end of last month.
到上個(gè)月底為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)了五千個(gè)單詞.
I had finished the composition before supper. 晚飯前我就已經(jīng)把作文寫完了.
(2)表示過(guò)去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與由when，before等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用
When I woke up it had already stopped raining. 我醒來(lái)的時(shí)候雨就已經(jīng)停了.
I hadn't learned any English before I came here. 我來(lái)這兒之前沒學(xué)過(guò)英語(yǔ).
(3)用于賓語(yǔ)從句或間接引語(yǔ)中
I wondered who had taken the umbrella without permission.
我想知道誰(shuí)不經(jīng)允許就把雨傘拿去.
He told me that he had passed the exam. 他告訴我他已通過(guò)考試.
(4)某些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)打算要做卻沒有做成的事.
I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本打算來(lái)看你，但有人來(lái)找，脫不開身.
We had hoped to catch the early bus, but found it was gone.
我們本來(lái)希望乘早班車，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)車已開了.
(5)用于表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件從句中
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
如果你昨天來(lái)的話，你就已經(jīng)見到他的面了.
She would have come if she hadn’t been so busy.
要不是這么忙的話，她就已經(jīng)來(lái)了.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：I/we/you/they have worked; he/she/it has worked
(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻發(fā)生，且延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，這種情況常與表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
We have lived here since last October. 自從去年十月份我們就一直住在這兒。
She has studied English for 5 years. 她學(xué)英語(yǔ)已有5年之久
(2) 表示某個(gè)已經(jīng)發(fā)生且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或結(jié)果的動(dòng)作，這種情況常不與任何時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
對(duì)不起，我把鑰匙弄丟了.門開不了了.
She has left. If you want to see her, you'll have to come tomorrow.
她已經(jīng)走了.如果你想見她的話，你得明天再來(lái)一趟.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：I am =I’m working , she/he/it is = he’s等 working
, We/you/they are =We’re等working
(1)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
Please don’t make so much noise, I’m writing a composition.
不要吵鬧,我正在寫作文.
Let’s set off, it isn’t raining now.咱們出發(fā)把,現(xiàn)在天不下雨了.
(2)有時(shí)通過(guò)上下問可以判斷出應(yīng)采用何種時(shí)態(tài)
Its four o’clock in the afternoon, the children are playing football on the sports ground.現(xiàn)在是下午4點(diǎn),孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上踢足球.
(3)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行而說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
We are working in a factory these days.這幾天我們?cè)谝患夜S工作.
They are compiling a dictionary.他們?cè)诰幰槐驹~典.
(4)在口語(yǔ)中表示主語(yǔ)計(jì)劃將要做的動(dòng)作
They are leaving for New York tomorrow.明天他們將要?jiǎng)由砬巴~約.
(5)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與always等副詞連用時(shí)帶有感情色彩
He's always quarrelling with others.他老喜歡跟別人吵架.
She is constantly worrying about her son's health. 她不停地為她兒子的健康擔(dān)心著.
The boy is forever asking questions.那個(gè)男孩老是提問問題.
(6)有的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)句子和一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)同義。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示問者的關(guān)切心情
How are you feeling today? 你今天感覺如何？
I am looking forward to your next visit.我盼望你下次再來(lái).
Why are you looking so sad? 為什么你看起來(lái)這么愁眉苦臉的樣子呢？
(7)有的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“逐漸”的含義
Our study is becoming more interesting. 我們的學(xué)習(xí)變得越來(lái)越有趣了.
The leaves are turning red. 樹葉漸漸地變紅了.
Wait a moment， I am finishing my supper. 等一會(huì)兒，我的晚飯就要吃完了.
(8)“be”動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)�！癰e”動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為是短暫的、和平常不一樣的、甚至是偽裝的.
He is being foolish. 他在裝傻.
He is being honest. 他表現(xiàn)得特別老實(shí).
I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此時(shí)他為何如此自私.
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：I/we/you/they worked, he/she/it worked
(1)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)
We didn’t have classes last week.上周我們沒有上課.
(2)表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
I went to the cinema once a week when i was at school.
我上學(xué)時(shí)每周去看一次電影.
When i was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside.
我在鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)經(jīng)常去河邊散步.
(3)敘述過(guò)去連續(xù)發(fā)生的一件件事
She got up early, fetchet water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.
她早早起床,提水,打掃房間然后出去散步.
(4)在條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中代替過(guò)去一般將來(lái)時(shí)
They side they would let me know as soon as they got there.
他們說(shuō)只要他們一到達(dá)那兒就會(huì)馬上讓我知道.
He side he would not go if it rained.他說(shuō)如果下雨他就不去.
(5)用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣
If only i were a bird.要是我是只鳥就好了.
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