英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全
上學(xué)期間，大家最熟悉的就是知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧？知識(shí)點(diǎn)在教育實(shí)踐中，是指對(duì)某一個(gè)知識(shí)的泛稱(chēng)。為了幫助大家更高效的學(xué)習(xí)，以下是小編為大家收集的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)大全，僅供參考，歡迎大家閱讀。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示正在發(fā)生的事情或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與now,listen,look等詞連用，結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞(am, is, are)+動(dòng)詞ing.
如：It is raining now.
外面正在下雨
It is six oclock now.
現(xiàn)在6點(diǎn)了
My parents are reading newspapers in the sitting room.
我父母正在客廳看報(bào)紙
Look! The children are having a running race now.
看！孩子們正在賽跑
問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移前，否定句在be動(dòng)詞后+not.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作，常與often, usually, sometimes, always, every day(week year…) on Sundays等詞連用。
結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)即he,she, it, Tom, my mother, the boy等詞時(shí)，動(dòng)詞后加s或es.
如：We have an English lesson every day.
我們每天都要上英語(yǔ)課
Do the boys run faster than the girls? Yes, they do.
男孩比女孩跑的快嗎？是的
問(wèn)句借助于do, does否定句借助于dont, doesnt，后面動(dòng)詞一定要還原。
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去的事情或存在的狀態(tài)，常與just now; a moment ago; … ago; yesterday; last ( week; month; year; Monday; weekend); this morning等詞連用。
結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（was; were）或主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。
注意：be動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式不可同時(shí)使用。
如：My earphones were on the ground just now.
我的耳機(jī)剛剛還在呢。
Where were you last week? I was at a camp.
你上個(gè)星期去哪了？我去野營(yíng)了
What did you do yesterday? I visited a farm
你昨天去干嘛了？我去參觀農(nóng)場(chǎng)了。
問(wèn)句有be動(dòng)詞將be動(dòng)詞移前，沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞借助于did，后面動(dòng)詞還原；
否定句有be動(dòng)詞在后面加not，沒(méi)有借助于didnt后面動(dòng)詞還原。
一般將來(lái)時(shí)
表示將要打算發(fā)生的事情或動(dòng)作，常與tomorrow, next week(year; Tuesday…), this week( weekend ;evening; afternoon;…)today等詞連用。結(jié)構(gòu)是主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are) going to + 動(dòng)原或主語(yǔ)+will +動(dòng)原。
如：What are you going to do tomorrow? I am going to have a picnic.
你明天要去干嘛？我要去野餐。
The children are going to have a sports meeting next week.
孩子們下個(gè)星期將參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。
Tom will/is going to see a play with his father this evening.
Tom今晚將和父母去看演出。
問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞或will移前；否定句在be動(dòng)詞或will后加not.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
can; cant; should; shouldnt; must; may后一定加動(dòng)詞原形。
如：The girl cant swim, but she can skate.
女孩不會(huì)游泳，但是會(huì)滑冰
Dont talk in class, you should listen to the teacher carefully.
不要再課上說(shuō)話，你應(yīng)該認(rèn)真聽(tīng)老師講。
祈使句
肯定祈使句以動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭；否定祈使句以dont加動(dòng)詞原形開(kāi)頭。
如：Open the box for me ,please.
請(qǐng)為我打開(kāi)盒子。
Liu Tao! Please get up earlier tomorrow.
劉濤，明天請(qǐng)?jiān)琰c(diǎn)起床！
Dont walk on the grass!
不要在草地上走！
Helen! Dont climb the tree,please.
海倫！不要爬樹(shù)。
go的用法
去干嘛用go +動(dòng)詞ing
如: go swimming; go fishing;
go skating;
go camping;
go running;
go skiing;
go rowing…
比較
than 前用比較級(jí)；as…as之間用原級(jí)。
如：My mother is two years younger than my father.
我媽比我爸年輕兩歲。
Tony jumps as far as Ben.
托尼跳得和本一樣遠(yuǎn)。
喜歡做某事
用like +動(dòng)詞ing或like+ to + 動(dòng)原。
如： Su Yang likes growing flowers.
蘇陽(yáng)喜歡種花。
The children like to play with lanterns at Spring Festival.
孩子們喜歡在春節(jié)去玩花燈。
想要做某事
用 would like +to+動(dòng)原或want + to +動(dòng)原。
例：Id like to visit the History Museum.=I want to visit the History Museum.
some
用于肯定句中，在否定句和問(wèn)句中改為any,但當(dāng)表示委婉語(yǔ)氣時(shí)仍用
如：Can I have some writing paper? Would you like some orange juice?
代詞
人稱(chēng)代詞主格做主語(yǔ)用一般放在句首或動(dòng)詞前，主格分別是 I you he she it we you they。
賓格做賓語(yǔ)用，一般放在動(dòng)詞或介詞后
如：Open them for me. Let us …, join me等。
賓格分別是me you him her it us you them。
形容詞性物主代詞放在名詞前，不能單獨(dú)使用，分別是my your his her its our your their
名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形物加名詞，它只能單獨(dú)使用后面不好加名詞，分別是mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs。
介詞
介詞后要么不加動(dòng)詞，加動(dòng)詞只能加動(dòng)詞ing形式
如：be good at running;
do well in jumping;
時(shí)間介詞
季節(jié)前，月份前用介詞in
如：in summer；in March
具體的哪一天如星期幾，幾月幾日用介詞on
如：on Saturday; on the second of April; on Wednesday morning
在幾點(diǎn)鐘前用介詞at
如： at a quarter to four;
只在上下午晚上用in
如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening;
但在夜間用at night。
另：季節(jié)，月份和星期前不好加the.
名詞復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成的方法
有規(guī)則的有：
(1)直接在名詞后加s
如orange—oranges; photo—photos;
(2) 以x, s, sh, ch 結(jié)尾的加es
如：box—boxes; glass—glasses; waitress—waitresses; watch—watches;peach--peaches
(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es
如：study—studies；library—libraries; hobby—hobbies; family—families;
(4)以f, fe結(jié)尾的改f, fe 為v＋es如：knife—knives; thief—thieves（注:以o結(jié)尾的我們學(xué)過(guò)的只有mango加es, mango—mangoes其余加s,）
不規(guī)則的有：
man—men; woman—women; people—people; child—children
動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加s
如：run—runs; dance—dances
(2)以s,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾的加es
如：do—does;go—goes;wash—washes;catch—catches
(3)以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加es
如：study—studies; carry—carries;
現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ing
如：sing—singing; ski—skiing;
(2)雙寫(xiě)詞尾加ing
如：swim—swimming; jog—jogging;run—running;
(3)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的去e加ing
如：ride—riding; dance—dancing; make—making;
規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成
(1)直接在動(dòng)詞后加ed
如：clean—cleaned; milk—milked; play—played;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的直接加d
如：dance—danced; taste—tasted;
(3) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加ed
如：study—studied;carry—carried;
(4)雙寫(xiě)詞尾加ed
如：stop—stopped; jog—jogged;
不規(guī)則的有：am,is—was; are—were; do,does—did; have,has—had; go—went; meet—met; sit—sat; see—saw; get—got; tell—told; run—ran; come—came; steal—stole; read—read;
形容詞副詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成
規(guī)則的：
(1)直接在形容詞或副詞后加er
如；small—smaller; low—lower;
(2)以e結(jié)尾的加r
如：late—larer;
(3)雙寫(xiě)詞尾加er
如：big—bigger; thin—thinner; fat—fatter;
(4) 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的改y為i加er
如：heavy—heavier; early—earlier;
不規(guī)則的有：
good, well—better(最高級(jí)為best); many, much--- more(最高級(jí)為most); far---farther;
rain與snow的用法
(1)作為名詞意思是雨水和雪是不可數(shù)名詞
如：There is a lot of rain there in spring. 那兒的春天有很多雨水。
(2) 作為動(dòng)詞意思是下雨和下雪，有四種形式分別是：
動(dòng)詞原形rain， snow；
第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)rains ，snows；
現(xiàn)在分詞raining； snowing
過(guò)去式rained； snowed;
如：①Look! It is raining now. 瞧！天正在下雨。
�、贗t often rains in Nantong in summer.南通夏天經(jīng)常下雨。
�、� It rained yesterday.昨天下了雨。
�、躀t is going to rain tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
(3)形容詞為rainy 和snowy 意思是有雨的和有雪的
如：It is often rainy here in spring.這兒的春天經(jīng)常是有雨的。
If it is rainy tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.如果明天是有雨的，我將呆在家里。
比較級(jí)
注意只有同類(lèi)事物才可進(jìn)行比較。
如：My eyes are bigger than hers.Your school bag is heavier than mine. My computer is nicer than Nancy’s. My brother is stronger than me.
have, has
表示某人有(has用于第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù))；There is/ are;
There was/ were 表示某地存在有
注意There be 句型的就近原則
單數(shù)或不可數(shù)用there is /was;
復(fù)數(shù)用there are/ were.
本身就是復(fù)數(shù)的詞
眼鏡glasses; 耳機(jī)earphones; 鞋shoes;褲子trousers等詞本身是復(fù)數(shù)。
如：My glasses were on the chair just now.
但如果表示這雙，這副，一雙的時(shí)候用單數(shù)
如：There is a pair of chopsticks on the plate. This pair of earphones is for you.
五個(gè)元音字母分別是
Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu;
一個(gè)的用法
a用于輔音前不是輔音字母前；an 用于元音前不是元音字母前。
如：There is an ’s’, a ‘t’, a ‘u’, a ‘d’ ,an ‘e’, an ‘n’,and a ‘t’ in the word ‘student’.
時(shí)間表示法
有兩種：
�。�1）直接讀時(shí)鐘和分鐘。
如6:10讀成 six ten; 7:30讀成seven thirty; 8:45讀成eight forty-five;
(2)用to與past表示。
在半小時(shí)包括半小時(shí)以內(nèi)用幾分past幾點(diǎn)
如：6：10讀成ten past six; 7:30讀成half past seven;
過(guò)了半小時(shí)用下一個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)差幾分
如7：45讀成a quarter to eight; 9:50讀成ten to ten;
基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的方法
基變序有規(guī)律，結(jié)尾加上th; 一二三特殊例，結(jié)尾字母t、d(即first, second, third);
八去t， 九去e， ve要用f替（即eigh—eighth; nine—ninth; five-- fifth ;twelve—twelfth）；
ty改y為ie后加th別忘記(即整十?dāng)?shù)如twenty—twentieth；forty—fortieth);
幾十幾十位為基個(gè)位為序（如第二十一為twenty-first）。
另外強(qiáng)調(diào)序數(shù)詞前一定要加the。
日期的表示法
用the+序數(shù)詞+ of +月
如:三月三日 the third of March;
12月25日 the 25th of December.
both 表示兩者都
如：My parents are both teachers.
all表示三者以上都
如：The students are all very excited.
節(jié)日的表示法
有day的節(jié)日前用on.
沒(méi)有day的節(jié)日前用at,
如：at Christmas; on Christmas Day; at New Year; on New Year’s Day.
激動(dòng)興奮的
excited表示激動(dòng)的，興奮地主語(yǔ)是人；
exciting表示令人激動(dòng)的，令人興奮的主語(yǔ)是事情
如：The running race is very exciting, so all the students are very excited.
賽跑非常令人激動(dòng)，因此所有的學(xué)生都很激動(dòng)。
比較
兩者比較用比較級(jí)，三者以上比較用最高級(jí)
如：Who runs faster, the boy or the girl? The boy does
誰(shuí)跑得更快，男孩還是女孩？男孩。
Which season do you like best? I like autumn best.
你最喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)？我最喜歡秋天。
Which season do you like better, summer or winter? I like winter better.
你更喜歡哪個(gè)季節(jié)，夏天還是冬天？我更喜歡冬天。
動(dòng)詞還原的用法
前面用了do, does did, don’t, doesn’t didn’t后面動(dòng)詞要還原。
如：Did she watch TV last night?
Helen doesnt like taking photos.
到了
到達(dá)用get to
但注意到家，到這兒，到那兒不可以加to
如：get home; get here; get there,
另外go home; come here; go there也一樣。
長(zhǎng)著和穿著
長(zhǎng)著什么用with
如：the girl with big eyes 大眼睛的女孩；
穿著什么用in
如：the man in black穿黑衣服的男人
或：the woman in the white skirt 穿白色短裙的婦女
讓某人做某事
用let sb后加動(dòng)詞原形
如：Let’s water the flowers together.
是該做…的時(shí)候了用It’s time for+名詞或It’s time to +動(dòng)原。
幫助某人做某事是help sb with sth
如：幫我學(xué)英語(yǔ)是 help me with my English
樹(shù)上
外來(lái)的東西在樹(shù)上用in the tree
如：the bird in the tree;
樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的用on the tree
如：the apples on the tree
運(yùn)動(dòng)和樂(lè)器
球類(lèi)之前不加the;樂(lè)器之前必須加the如：play the piano; play football
一周中的第一天是Sunday;
一年中的第一個(gè)月是January
get后加比較級(jí)表示變得更怎么樣
如：get stronger; get longer
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1、名詞
(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)
(2)不可數(shù)名詞
(3)專(zhuān)有名詞
(4)名詞所有格
2、代詞
(1)人稱(chēng)代詞：主格和賓格形式
(2)物主代詞：形容詞與名詞性形式
(3)反身代詞：myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
(4)指示代詞this, that, these, those
(5)不定代詞some, any, no, etc.
(6)疑問(wèn)代詞what, who, whose, which, etc.
3、數(shù)詞
(1)基數(shù)詞
(2)序數(shù)詞
4、介詞和介詞短語(yǔ)詞：匯表中所列介詞的基本用法
5、連詞：詞匯表中所列連詞的基本用法
6、形容詞(比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))
(1)作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的基本用法
(2)比較等級(jí)(原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí))的基本用法
�、贅�(gòu)成-er, -est; more, the most
�、诨揪湫�
as+原級(jí)形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原級(jí)形式+as. . .
比較級(jí)形式+than. . .
the+最高級(jí)形式+. . . in ( of). . .
7、副詞(比較級(jí)和最高級(jí))
(1)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度等的基本用法
(2)疑問(wèn)副詞when, where, how
(3)比較等級(jí)(原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí))
�、贅�(gòu)成-er, -est; more, the most
②基本句型
as+原級(jí)形式+as. . .
not as ( so)+原級(jí)形式+as. . .
比較級(jí)形式+than. . .
the+最高級(jí)形式+. . . in ( of). . .
8、冠詞：一般用法
9、動(dòng)詞
(1)行為動(dòng)詞或?qū)嵙x動(dòng)詞：①及物動(dòng)詞②不及物動(dòng)詞
(2)連系動(dòng)詞be, look, turn, get,become, etc.
(3)助動(dòng)詞be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
(4)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can, may, must, need, etc.
10、時(shí)態(tài)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
I get up at six oclock every morning.
He doesnt speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell himto come to my place.
Ill go to see you tonight if Im free.
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí)
�、賡hall ( will)+動(dòng)詞原形
I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
②be going to+動(dòng)詞原形
Im going to help him.
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
Were reading the text now.
Theyre waiting for a bus.
(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
(6)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
(7)過(guò)去完成時(shí)
We had learned four English songs by theendof last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heardfromhim since he left Beijing.
(8)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
11、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)，含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，一般將來(lái)時(shí))
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
English is taught in that school.
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
The song was written by that worker.
(3)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
She must be sent to hospital at once.
(4)一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
The homework will be done in two hours .
12、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
(1)動(dòng)詞不定式(全部掌握)
①作主語(yǔ)
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
�、谧髻e語(yǔ)They began to read.
③作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
�、茏鞫ㄕZ(yǔ)
I have an important meeting to attend.
⑤作狀語(yǔ)
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
�、抻迷趆ow, when, where, what, which等之后
I dont know how to usea computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didnt know what to do next.
(2)動(dòng)詞的-ing形式
(3)動(dòng)詞的-ed形式
13、構(gòu)詞法
(1)合成法：classroom, something, reading-room
(2)派生法：worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness, cloudy, unhappy
(3)轉(zhuǎn)化法：hand (n. )—hand (v. ) dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )
(4)縮寫(xiě)和簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)
14、句子種類(lèi)
(1)陳述句(肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑問(wèn)句:一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句
(3)祈使句(肯定式和否定式)
(4)感嘆句
15、句子成分
(1)主語(yǔ)
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
(2)謂語(yǔ)(主謂一致)
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
(3)表語(yǔ)
Her sister is a nurse.
Its me.
Im ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
(4)賓語(yǔ)
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
(5)直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
(6)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
(7)定語(yǔ)
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
(8)狀語(yǔ)
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
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