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5大基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)
零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)英語(yǔ),大家要學(xué)好語(yǔ)法知識(shí),下面5大基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí),你能記住多少?一起來(lái)看看。
名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
1.一般情況,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”結(jié)尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù):man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japane
6. 不可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)就是原型: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea
名詞的格
(1) 有生命的東西的名詞所有格:
a) 單數(shù)后加 ’s 如: Lucy’s ruler my father’s shirt
b) 以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加 ’如: his friends’ bags
c) 不以s 結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)后加 ’s children’s shoes
并列名詞中,如果把 ’s加在最后一個(gè)名詞后,表示共有, 如:
Tom and Mike’s car 湯姆和邁克共有的小汽車(chē)
要表示所有物不是共有的,應(yīng)分別在并列名詞后加’s
Tom’s and Mike’s cars 湯姆和麥克各自的'小汽車(chē)
(2)表示無(wú)生命東西的名詞通常用“ of +名詞”來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系:如:
a picture of the classroom a map of China
不定冠詞,定冠詞種類(lèi)
1. (1)不定冠詞:a / an a unit / an uncle
元音開(kāi)頭的.可數(shù)名詞前用an :
an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /
(2)定冠詞:the
the egg the plane
2. 用法:定冠詞的用法:
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物: The ruler is on the desk
(2)復(fù)述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.
(3)談話(huà)雙方都知道的人或物:The boys aren’t at school.
(4)在序數(shù)詞前: John’s birthday is February the second.
(5)用于固定詞組中: in the morning / afternoon / evening
不用冠詞的情況
(1)專(zhuān)有名詞前:China is a big country.
(2)名詞前有定語(yǔ):this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:This is my baseball.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人和事:Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.
(4)在節(jié)日,日期,月份,季節(jié)前:Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.
(5)一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.
(6)球類(lèi) 棋類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.
但樂(lè)器前要用定冠詞:I play the guitar very well.
(7)學(xué)科名稱(chēng)前:My favorite subject is music.
(8)在稱(chēng)呼或頭銜的名詞前:This is Mr Li.
(9)固定詞組中:at noon at night by bus
語(yǔ)法知識(shí)三:常用介詞:in, on, at, behind等
1.at表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。(在某時(shí)刻、時(shí)間、階段等)。
at 1:00(dawn,midnight,noon)在一點(diǎn)鐘(黎明、午夜、中午)
2.on
1)表示具體日期。
注:(1)關(guān)于"在周末"的幾種表示法:
at(on)the weekend在周末---特指
at(on)weekends在周末---泛指
over the weekend在整個(gè)周末
during the weekend在周末期間
(2)在圣誕節(jié),應(yīng)說(shuō)at Christmas?而不說(shuō)on Christmas?
2)在(剛……)的'時(shí)候。
On reaching the city he called up his parents.
一到城里他就給父母打了一個(gè)電話(huà)。
3.in
1)表示"時(shí)段"、"時(shí)期",在多數(shù)情況下可以和during互換,前者強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)比,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)持續(xù)。 in(during)1988(December,the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世紀(jì))
動(dòng)詞的四種時(shí)態(tài)
(1)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成
1. be動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。
2. 行為動(dòng)詞:主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。
當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí),要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)。
動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般過(guò)去時(shí):
動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式詳解 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的`構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:
A、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞
、 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
、 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類(lèi))
、 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少)如 stopped
B、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般將來(lái)時(shí):
基本結(jié)構(gòu):
、賐e going to + do;
、趙ill+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí): am,is,are+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞
動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:
、 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
、 以e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
、 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母的(此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting.
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