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since時(shí)間從句的謂語形式和意義

時(shí)間:2024-11-05 15:49:56 基礎(chǔ)英語 我要投稿
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since時(shí)間從句的謂語形式和意義

  導(dǎo)語:since意為自···以來,下面YJBYS小編講解since時(shí)間從句的謂語形式和意義 ,歡迎參考!

since時(shí)間從句的謂語形式和意義

  首先請(qǐng)看題目:

  — What was the party like?

  — Wonderful. It’s years ________ I enjoyed myself so much.

  A. after B. before C. when D. since

  正確選項(xiàng)為 D。意為:“你覺得這次聚會(huì)怎么樣?” “棒極了,我好多年都沒有這么痛痛快快地玩了。”這里的It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much = I haven’t enjoyed myself so much for years. 為什么 “enjoy” 的意義在這里變成了否定的呢?

  這是因?yàn)閑njoy是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用在since時(shí)間從句中時(shí),其意義不同于非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

  一、在 since 時(shí)間從句中用非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí),時(shí)間的計(jì)算應(yīng)從該動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)開始;若是用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,時(shí)間的計(jì)算則應(yīng)從該動(dòng)作結(jié)束之時(shí)開始。例如:

 、 I haven’t seen him since he left Wuhan. 自從他離開武漢以來,我一直沒見過他。(這里的left為非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,時(shí)間的計(jì)算應(yīng)從left的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)開始。)

 、 I haven’t seen him since he lived in Wuhan. 自從他不住在武漢以來,我一直沒見過他。(這里的lived為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,時(shí)間的計(jì)算應(yīng)從lived的動(dòng)作結(jié)束之時(shí)開始。)

  以上的句①和句②的意思基本相同。句②since從句中的謂語lived的意義是否定的,而習(xí)慣上又不能將其改為 didn’t live。又如:

  She has stayed at her uncle’s since she was ill. 她自病愈以來就一直住在她叔叔家里。(這里was ill是持續(xù)性的“狀態(tài)”,用在since從句中同樣表示這種“狀態(tài)”的結(jié)束,也就是“不生病”或“病愈了”)

  二、任何語法都不是絕對(duì)的,例外情況總是存在的。

  1. 有時(shí)候,since從句中的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞同樣可以表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)可以從動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)生之時(shí)開始,但通常在since之前加上 “ever” 以加強(qiáng)since的語意。如:

  I’ve known her ever since I was a child. 我自孩提時(shí)代起就認(rèn)識(shí)她了。

  I haven’t been to the cinema ever since I owned the TV set. 自從我擁有了這臺(tái)電視機(jī),我就沒有去電影院看過電影。

  注:since從句中如果用非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,即使用ever來加強(qiáng)語義,也絕不意味從句中動(dòng)作有什么持續(xù)性。如:

  My granny has been catnapping ever since the film began. 自電影一開始,我奶奶就一直在打瞌睡。

  2. 若將since從句中持續(xù)性的謂語改為完成時(shí)態(tài)來加強(qiáng)語意,同樣也可使持續(xù)性動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,但在since從句中用完成時(shí)態(tài)并不是很常見。如:

  He has been looking for a job since he has been laid off. 自從他下崗以來就一直在找工作。

  I haven’t heard from him since he has lived abroad. 自從他在國(guó)外居住以來我一直沒有收到他的來信。

  三、在“It is + 時(shí)間 + since-從句” 的結(jié)構(gòu)中,情況則不一樣。它表示從過去某一時(shí)刻起到現(xiàn)在(說話時(shí)刻)為止的一段持續(xù)時(shí)間的總和,從句中通常都用一般過去時(shí),但無論用持續(xù)性還是非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞都表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成,時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)該是在動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)完成的那一刻開始算起。例如:

 、 It is six years since I joined the Party. 我入黨已經(jīng)有六年了。

 、 It is six years since I was in Beijing. 我不在(離開)北京已經(jīng)有六年了。

  在句②中,無論在 since 從句前加 ever 還是在從句中用 have been 都無法表達(dá)“我已經(jīng)在北京呆了六年”的意思。又如:

  It is about five years since my father (has) smoked. 我父親不吸煙已經(jīng)約五年了。

  (= It is about five years since my father gave up smoking.)

  所以,本文開頭的那道高考題“It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much.” 應(yīng)譯為“我好多年都沒有這么痛痛快快地玩了。”這樣才與上下文邏輯上一致。

  四、但是,如需要 since 從句表示某一持續(xù)性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從發(fā)生之時(shí)起一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的時(shí)刻,則可將 since 改為 that,并且謂語必須用完成時(shí)態(tài)。試比較:

 、 It is about seven years since we (have) lived in the countryside. 我們約7年不住在鄉(xiāng)下了。

 、 It is about seven years that we have lived in the countryside. 我們住在鄉(xiāng)下約有7年了。

  = We have lived in the countryside (for) about seven years.

  其實(shí),句②就是一個(gè)“It is + time + that”所構(gòu)成的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。

  注意:強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的謂語絕不可用非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式,但可用其否定式。因?yàn)榉穸ㄊ奖硎驹搫?dòng)作沒有發(fā)生,是一種狀況,這種狀況是可以持續(xù)的。比較:

  (正)① It is three weeks that he hasn’t come here.

  (正)② He hasn’t come here for three weeks.

  (誤)③ It is three weeks that he has come here.

  (誤)④ He has come here for three weeks.

  (但句若④理解成“他到這兒來了,打算呆三個(gè)星期”則是正確,那么 for three weeks 作“目的狀語”而非“時(shí)間狀語”了。)

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