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讓步狀語從句的語法

時(shí)間:2024-07-16 18:15:28 基礎(chǔ)英語 我要投稿

讓步狀語從句的語法

  導(dǎo)語:讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種,其本身也是狀語從句。一般翻譯為“盡管……即使……”就是我們?nèi)粘I钪杏玫?ldquo;退一步說……”的感覺。下面YJBYS小編向大家介紹讓步狀語從句的語法,希望對你有用!

  引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些:though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑問詞,疑問詞-ever。下面對這些連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句作一說明。

  (1)though, although表示“雖然,縱然”之意。

  這兩個(gè)連詞意思大致相同,在一般情況下可以互換使用。在口語中,though較常使用,although比though正式,二者都可與yet, still或nevertheless連用,但不能與but連用。例如:

  Although/Though he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經(jīng)精疲力竭了,但仍然繼續(xù)工作。

  Although/Though he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀(jì)大了,身體還很健壯。

  值得注意的是,although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:

  She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學(xué)習(xí),考試卻及格了。

  (2)as, though表示“雖然……但是”,“縱使……”之意。

  as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句必須以部分倒裝的形式出現(xiàn),被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動(dòng)詞原形,though間或也用于這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)中,但although不可以這樣用。例如:

  Object as you may, I’ll go.(=Though/Although you may object, I’ll go.) 縱使你反對,我也要去。

  Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但幾乎沒取得什么進(jìn)步。

  Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.(=Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.)雖然他是一個(gè)孩子,但他知道該做什么。

  Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快,你也不能這么快讀完這本書。

  (3)even if, even though 表示“即使……”,“縱使……”之意。

  這兩個(gè)復(fù)合連詞的意思基本相同。它們?苫Q使用,但意義有細(xì)微差別。even if引導(dǎo)的讓步從句含有強(qiáng)烈的假定性,而even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),是以從句的內(nèi)容為先決條件的,也就是說,說話人肯定了從句的事實(shí)。例如:

  We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好,我們也要作一次旅行。

  Even if he is poor, she loves him. (=He may be poor, yet she loves him.)即使他很窮,但她還是愛他。

  Even though he is poor, she loves him. (=He is poor, yet she loves him.)盡管他很窮,但她還是愛她。

  (4)whether...or...表示“不論是否……”,“不管是……還是……”之意。

  由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。例如:

  You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個(gè)典禮。

  Whether you believe it or not, it's true.無論你是否相信,這都是真的。

  (5)“no matter+疑問詞”或“疑問詞-ever”的含義為“……都……;不管……都……”,它們引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句可以互換。例如:

  No matter what happened, he would not mind. (=Whatever happened, he would not mind.)無論發(fā)生了什么,他都不會介意的。

  No matter who you are, you must keep the law.(=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.不管你是誰,你都要遵紀(jì)守法。

  但“no matter+疑問詞”結(jié)構(gòu)只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,而“疑問詞-ever”還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:

  Whatever (=No matter what) you say, I won’t believe you. (Whatever 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么,我都不會相信你。

  I'll eat whatever (≠no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導(dǎo)賓語從句)你給我吃什么,我就吃什么。

  Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導(dǎo)主語從句) 不管誰來都受到歡迎。

  此外,有時(shí)while也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,但一般要位于句首。例如:

  While I like the colour, I don't like the shape.我雖然喜歡那顏色,但不喜歡那形狀。

  綜上所述,我們可以看出,學(xué)習(xí)讓步狀語從句的關(guān)鍵是關(guān)聯(lián)詞的選用;其次,要注意的是由as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句要用倒裝語序。

  讓步狀語從句表示:雖然,盡管,即使等概念,由although(盡管), though(盡管), however(無論怎樣), whatever(無論什么), whoever(無論誰), whomever(無論誰), whichever(無論哪個(gè)), whenever(無論何時(shí)), wherever(無論哪里), whether(是否), no matter (who, what, where, when, etc) (無論……), even if(即使), even though(即使)等詞引導(dǎo)。

  如: We won’t be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times.我們就是失敗十次也不泄氣。

  It was an exciting game, though / although no goals were scored.那是一場精彩的球賽,盡管一個(gè)球都沒進(jìn)。(though, although不能與 but連用)

  Whether you believe it or not, it’s true.不管你信不信,這是真的。

  However (=No matter how) expensive it may be, I’ll take it.無論它有多貴,我也要買下它。

  Don’t let them in, whoever(=no matter who) they are.不管他們是誰,別讓他們進(jìn)來。

  No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.無論我說什么或怎么說,他總認(rèn)為是我錯(cuò)。

  特別提醒

  1.no matter

  what(who,which,when,etc。)與whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc。)的區(qū)別:

  當(dāng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),兩者相同,可以互換,但當(dāng)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句和同謂語從句)時(shí)則只能用whatever(whoever,whichever,whenever,etc)。如上面最后兩個(gè)例句可改為:

  e.g. However pure the water looks,I do not want to drink it。

  I want to marry the man I love, no matter who he may be。

  下面句字不能用no matter結(jié)構(gòu):

  Whoever comes back firs is supposed to win the prize.(主語從句)

  I am ready to do whatever you want me to .(賓語從句)

  例證:

  Whatever you did, I will accept.為讓步狀語從句.

  I will except whatever you did.為賓語從句.

  2. as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的用法:

  引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),as意為“雖然,盡管”,通常從句要倒裝,倒裝的方法是將從句的表語或狀語放在as之前,而用though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)句字則不必倒裝(口語中也可倒裝)。

  e.g. Heavily as it was raining outside, they started out very early.

  Young as he is, he knows a lot=Though he is young 或Young though he is, he….

  他雖然年輕,但懂得很多。(though 也有這種用法,可以替換as,但although沒有這種用法)

  though還可以用作副詞,放在句末。如:

  It was hard work;; I enjoyed it, though=It was hard work, but I enjoyed it.那工作很苦,但是我喜歡干。

  3.用though/although, as 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),句中不能用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折語氣。

  不能說:Though he looks weak, but he is healthy.

  而要說:Though he looks weak, he is healthy.

  或者說:He looks weak, but he is healthy.

  我自己認(rèn)為讓步就是存在一定條件下的說法.

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