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基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí)
導(dǎo)語(yǔ):英語(yǔ)有很多時(shí)態(tài),都是怎么用的呢?下面是YJBYS小編整理的基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)學(xué)習(xí),歡迎參考!
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行的形式
I / we / they have been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
He / she / it has been + 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行的功用
1) 表示一個(gè)在過(guò)去開(kāi)始而在最近剛剛結(jié)束的行動(dòng),如:
Ann is very tired. She has been working hard.
Why are you clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
2) 表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始但仍在進(jìn)行的行動(dòng),如:
It has been raining for two hours. (現(xiàn)在還在下)
Jack hasn’t been feeling very well recently.
3) 表示一個(gè)從過(guò)去開(kāi)始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的'一個(gè)階段內(nèi),重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動(dòng),如:
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為的結(jié)果、影響,而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作行為本身,如:
Tom’s hands are very dirty. He has been repairing the car.
The car is going again now. Tom has repaired it.
注意:
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有否定結(jié)構(gòu)、而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)沒(méi)有否定結(jié)構(gòu)。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示做完的時(shí)期以及已有的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)不可以。
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)中,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)有時(shí)也可用否定結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping at all well. 自從上周發(fā)生了那次不幸事故之后,我一直睡得很不好.
He hasn’t been working for me and I haven’t has that much contact with him. 他并沒(méi)有給我工作過(guò),我和他沒(méi)有過(guò)那許多接觸。
否定句構(gòu)成:
主語(yǔ)+has/have+not+been+現(xiàn)在分詞
一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成:
Have/has+主語(yǔ)+been+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他
過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)
形式
should / would have done sth.
用法
1、 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,并往往會(huì)對(duì)過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間產(chǎn)生影響。
I thought you'd have left by this time. 我想這會(huì)兒你已經(jīng)走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock. 他告訴他們他會(huì)在8點(diǎn)以前干完。
I guessed that Helen would have told her something. 我猜海倫會(huì)告訴她一些情況的`。
2、 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)還常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,表示與過(guò)去的事實(shí)相反。
將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
形式
will/shall have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于第一人稱(chēng),而 will have been+現(xiàn)在分詞用于其他人稱(chēng)。
用法
正如將來(lái)完成時(shí)一樣,它通常與一個(gè)以by開(kāi)頭的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)連用:
By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years.
到今年年底他當(dāng)演員就滿(mǎn)30年了。
將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)完成時(shí)的關(guān)系和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的`關(guān)系一樣。即在以下情況下可以用將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)而不用將來(lái)完成時(shí):
1. 動(dòng)作本身就是連續(xù)的:
By the end of the month he will have been living/working/studying here for ten years.
到了月底他在這里居住/工作/學(xué)習(xí)就滿(mǎn)十年了。
2. 一種經(jīng)常進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作被表示為連續(xù)的動(dòng)作:
By the end of this month he will have been training horses/climbing mountains for twenty years.
到了這個(gè)月底他馴馬/登山就滿(mǎn)20年了。
但是如果提到所馴馬匹或所攀登的山峰的數(shù)目,或用任何方式把動(dòng)作分割為一次又一次的動(dòng)作,就必須用將來(lái)完成時(shí):
By the end of the month he will have trained 600 horses/climbed 50 mountains.
到本月底,他馴服的馬就有600匹/攀登的山峰就有50座了
將來(lái)完成時(shí)
形式
will/shall+完成式用于第一人稱(chēng),will+完成式用于其他人稱(chēng)。
用法
它常與表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用,而后者常以by開(kāi)頭:
by then到那時(shí)
by that time到那時(shí)
by the 24th到24號(hào)那天
By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years.
到下月底,他在這兒就夠十年了。
這一時(shí)態(tài)用來(lái)表示在將來(lái)的一個(gè)特定時(shí)刻將成為過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或在該時(shí)刻剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作。假設(shè)現(xiàn)在是12月3日,大衛(wèi)對(duì)他將參加的12月13日的考試很擔(dān)心。
某個(gè)籌劃舉辦聚會(huì)的'人可能說(shuō):
We’d better wait till 14 December. David will have had his exam by then, so he’ll be able to enjoy himself.
我們最好還是等到12月14日。到那時(shí)大衛(wèi)就考完試了,這樣他就能夠玩得痛快。
同時(shí)請(qǐng)注意以下句子:
I save £50 a month and I started in January. So by the end of the year I will/shall have saved £600.
我每月儲(chǔ)蓄50英鎊,是從1月份開(kāi)始的。這樣的話,到年底我就有600英鎊的存款了。
Bill (looking at Tom’s cellar): You’ve got over 400 bottles. How long will that last you? Two years?
比爾(瞧著湯姆的地下室):你有四百多瓶酒。夠你喝多久?兩年?
Tom: Not a hope. I drink eight bottles a week. I’ll have drunk all these by the end of this year.
湯姆:不可能。我每星期喝八瓶。到今年年底我就會(huì)把所有這些酒都喝完了。
過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去未來(lái)某一時(shí)間的`動(dòng)作,常與由介詞by等引導(dǎo)的表示到過(guò)去未來(lái)的某時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞連用。
形式
由should/would have been + v-ing構(gòu)成;
否定形式should/would+not have been + v-ing;
疑問(wèn)形式是將should/would提前。
基本用法
過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去將來(lái)某一時(shí)間。動(dòng)作是否繼續(xù)下去,視上下文而定。如:
He said that by the end of the spring term he would have been studying English for three years.
他說(shuō)到春季(即下)學(xué)期末,他將學(xué)了三年英語(yǔ)了。
He told me that by the end of the year. he would have been living there for thirty years.
他告訴我,到年底他在那里住了有30年了。
過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某時(shí)開(kāi)始,一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)刻,到那個(gè)時(shí)刻,該動(dòng)作可能剛剛終止,也有可能還在繼續(xù)。
形式
had been + V-ing形式
用法
1. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所表示的動(dòng)作與過(guò)去的時(shí)間的關(guān)系,可以用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)表示,也可以通過(guò)上下文來(lái)表示。例如:
By the end of last month they had been working here for about ten days. 到上個(gè)月為止,他們?cè)谶@里工作大約有十天了。
She said that she had been listening to radio after school. 她說(shuō)她放學(xué)后一直在聽(tīng)收音機(jī)。
2. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,但其結(jié)果仍然影響到過(guò)去的某一時(shí)刻。例如:
It had been raining and the street was still wet. 天一直在下雨,街道仍然很濕。
3. 像 work、study、stay、sing、teach等延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí),用過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻,通常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性和不間斷性。例如:
She had been studying for two hours when her classmate came to visit her. 當(dāng)她的同學(xué)來(lái)看她的時(shí)候,她學(xué)習(xí)有兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。
4. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)主要表示過(guò)去某時(shí)的'一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如:
I was writing a letter when she came to see me. 當(dāng)她來(lái)看我時(shí)我正在寫(xiě)信。
I had been writing a letter for two hours by the time she came to see me. 當(dāng)她來(lái)看我的時(shí)候,我已經(jīng)寫(xiě)了兩個(gè)小時(shí)的信了。
5. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)的不同。過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)間前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況,這個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間可以用by,before等介詞短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)表示;或者表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在另一個(gè)過(guò)去動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成。例如:
They had just had breakfast when Tom came in. 湯姆來(lái)時(shí),他們剛吃過(guò)早飯。
They had been having breakfast for ten minutes when Tom came in. 湯姆來(lái)時(shí),他們已經(jīng)吃了十分鐘的早飯了。
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