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成人英語情態(tài)動詞綜合用法輔導(dǎo)
導(dǎo)語:情態(tài)動詞是表示語氣的單詞,但是不能獨立作謂語。下面YJBYS小編講解成人英語情態(tài)動詞綜合用法,歡迎參考!
情態(tài)動詞,在英文中主要用來表示說話人的看法、態(tài)度等。它很接近中文里的能愿動詞。從用法上來說,它有這樣幾個特點:
1)各個情態(tài)動詞自身都有一定的詞義。
2)情態(tài)動詞不能在句中獨立擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語。
3)情態(tài)動詞在句中不受任何人稱,性,數(shù)變化的影響。
4) 情態(tài)動詞后接的不定式(除ought外)都不帶to ,即接動詞原形。
英文中的情態(tài)動詞主要有:can , could ; may , might ; must ; ought ; need ; dare , dared ,另外,shall , will , should , would在一定的場合也可用作情態(tài)動詞。例如:
He can speak five languages .他會說五種語言。
She must have arrived home by now .現(xiàn)在她準(zhǔn)到家了。
We should study hard for our motherland . 我們應(yīng)該為祖國而努力學(xué)習(xí)。
They needn't be in such a hurry for there is enough time
for them . 他們還有足夠的時間,用不著這么慌張。
2)表示客觀上的可能性
You can borrow this useful book from the library .
你可以從圖書館借到這種有用的書。
A more suitable person than him for the job can not be found . 不可能找到比他更適合這份工作的人了。
Now people can skate on the lake .現(xiàn)在人們可以在湖上滑冰了。
When the storm stopped , the plane could take off .
當(dāng)風(fēng)暴停下來時,飛機可以起飛了不得。
3)表示主觀上的允許
Can I ask you some questions about it ?
我可以問你有關(guān)這件事的幾個問題嗎?:
You can not leave here till I come back .直到我回來你才能離開。
Such kind of thing can't happen any more later .
這類事以后不準(zhǔn)再發(fā)生了。
Can you tell me how to get to the airport ? 你能告訴我怎么去機場嗎?
Could you tell me how to get to the airport ?
您能告訴我怎么去機場嗎?
Could I be forgiven my negligence ? 請原諒我的疏忽,行嗎?
4)用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中)表示猜測、懷疑或驚詫
How can / could you be here ? 你怎么會在這兒?
She couldn't / can't be so stupid to do that .
她不可能蠢得去做那種事吧。
He couldn't / can't be over seventy .他不可能有七十多歲了。
Where could / can the boy be now ? 那孩子現(xiàn)在能在哪兒呢?
另外,could還常用于表示較客氣委婉的看法、提問及用于虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)中。這時候,could就不可以看作是can的過去式了。而是could自己獨特的用法。如:
Could you speak a little slowly ?
您能稍微說慢一點兒嗎?
I'm afraid that we couldn't give you any definite answer at this moment .
恐怕我們這時候還無法給予您任何確切的答復(fù)。
I could come earlier if asked .
如果要讓我早一點來,我可以來早一點。
We would appreciate it if you could offer us any help .
如果您能為我們提供幫助的話,我們將不甚感激。
You could have done better if you had worked harder at it .
如果你再加把勁,本來可以干得更好一些的。
may , might 或許,可能,可以
(might可以看作是may的過去式,這兩個詞除了時態(tài)不相同外,在表達(dá)意思的許多方面是相近的。當(dāng)然may 和might又都有一些各自不同的獨特用法。)
1)可能性
I may be busy from tomorrow on .從明天起我可能會忙起來。
You may catch sight of the sunrise from here when you get up before 5 in the morning .你在早晨五點鐘以前起來,或許能從這兒看到日出。
I wondered if they might agree with the idea .我想知道他們是否會同意這種想法。
She thought it might be wise to try her luck here .
她認(rèn)為在這兒碰碰運氣也不錯。
2)表示允許
May I come in ? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎?:
I'd like to have a smoke here if I may .
如果可以的話我想在這兒抽一支煙。
The librarian told her that she might return the book to the library in three days .
圖書館理員告訴她說,她可以在三天后還那本書。
At the press conference , a news reporter asked the chairman if she might trouble him with a question about Taiwan issue.
在記者招待會上,一位新聞記者問大會主席她是否能提一個有關(guān)臺灣的問題方面的問題。
3) may間或用來表示祝愿,也常用于表示目的或讓步的狀語從句中:
May that day come soon .但愿這天早日到來。
May you succeed in winning the first prize in the game .
祝愿你比賽奪冠成功。
May you continue in your efforts and achieve greatersuccesses .
祝愿你繼續(xù)努力并取得更大的成功。
4) might也常用于表示目的等狀語從句中,或用于虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)中:
I could not convince him , try as I might .我無論用什么樣的辦法也不能說服他。
They left off earlier on that day so that they might catch the first train .
那天,他們?yōu)榱粟s上頭班車動身早一些。
He died so that the others might live .
為了其他的人能活下去,他自己犧牲了。
If you had made better use of your time , you might have learned more .假若你將自己的時間利用得更好一些,你本可以學(xué)到更多東西的。
One error in calculation might ruin the whole project .
計算中出一點錯就可能毀掉整個工程。
注意:在回答以may引導(dǎo)的問句時,一般說來避免使用may,以免顯得太嚴(yán)厲、或不太客氣,而改用其他方式。例如:
——May I come in ? ——Yes , please .請進(jìn)。
我可以進(jìn)來嗎? ——Sure . / Certainly . .請進(jìn)。
——Please don't . .請不要進(jìn)來。
——No , you mustn't .不行。
must 應(yīng)該,必須,一定
1) 表示出于職責(zé)、義務(wù)該做某事
We must protect people's rights .我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)人民的利益。
Everyone must be loyal to his motherland .
每個人都應(yīng)該忠于自己的祖國。
You must serve the people when you grow up .
你們長大成人時應(yīng)該服務(wù)于人民。
Students must work hard at their study .
2)表示出于主觀意識而必須要做某事
We must speed up the pace of our economic reform .
我們必須加速經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的步伐。:
We must keep steps to the scientific development .
我們一定要與科學(xué)的發(fā)展保持一致步調(diào)。
You must hurry up or you'll be late .
你必須得快點兒,不然會遲到的。
在這種用法中must表示出于主觀意識而必須要做某事;have to卻表示由于某種客觀原因而不得不做某事。除此以外,have to自身有時態(tài)的變化形式。如:
I have to go now for I've got a meeting 15 minutes later.我現(xiàn)在必須要走了,因為我15分鐘后有個會要開。
He has to be back home by five to fetch his son from kindergarten .
他必須在五點鐘前回家去幼兒園接他的兒子。
Jenny had to tidy up the room before her mother came back .
珍尼不得不在她媽媽回家以前將房間整理好。
We'll have to reconsider the whole thing .
我們將不得不重新考慮整個事情。
注意:在這種用法中,回答以must引導(dǎo)的問句時,若是否定答復(fù),不可以用mustn't 而需要用needn't 或是don't have to,因為mustn't意思是"絕不能、一定不要",而沒有"不必"的意思。例如:
——Must we hand in our exercises today ? 我們今天必須交作業(yè)嗎?
——Yes , you must .是的,必須交。
——No , you needn't (or , you don't have to )。
不,不必今天交。
3)表示禁止(用于否定句)
You must not speak ill of others .
你一定不要說別人的壞話。
Cars must not parked here . 這里禁止停車。
Smoking must not allowed in the office .嚴(yán)禁在辦公室吸煙。
You mustn't talk to girls like that .你絕不能那樣對女孩子說話。
4)表示猜測、推測must常用于肯定句中表示猜測。對現(xiàn)在或未來的事進(jìn)行猜測時,后接動詞原形;對已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行猜測時,后接have 過去分詞。例如:
You must be tired after working so long .你工作這么久以后,肯定累了吧。
It must be that naughty boy crying outside .肯定是那個調(diào)皮的孩子在外面大叫。
The idea must be accepted by the society sooner or later.
這種想法肯定或遲或早會被社會所接受的。
It must have rained last night for it is so wet outside .
外面這么濕,昨晚肯定下雨了。
I didn't see you in class yesterday. You must have been
absent .我昨天上課沒見著你,你肯定沒有來。
Ought (后接帶to的不定式構(gòu)成謂語動詞)應(yīng)該
Ought (后接帶to的不定式構(gòu)成謂語動詞)應(yīng)該
1)表示出于職責(zé)、義務(wù)該做某事
You ought not to be so careless in your work .你不應(yīng)該在工作上如此粗心大意。
We ought to study hard for the sake of our motherland.
我們應(yīng)該為了我們的祖國而努力學(xué)習(xí)。
His doctor said to him that he oughtn't to smoke so much .
他的大夫說他不應(yīng)該抽這么多煙。
Oughtn't you to give us a chance to try ?
你難道不應(yīng)該給我們一個嘗試的機會嗎?
2) 表示極有可能發(fā)生某事
As an auto repairman , Dick ought to know what is wrong with the car .
狄克作為一個汽車修理工總該知道這部車的毛病所在吧。
If we set off right now , we ought to be able to get there in time .
如果我們馬上出發(fā),我們應(yīng)當(dāng)能夠按時到達(dá)那里。
Tomorrow ought to be a nice day for we have such a fine sunset today .
今天有這么好的晚霞,明天準(zhǔn)是個晴天。
need(用于否定句和疑問句)需要
There are still one and a half hours to go , we needn't be insuch a hurry .
還有一個半小時,我們無需如此慌慌張張。
I hardly need say how much we missed you .不用說我們是多么想念你啊。
Need you go so soon ?你需要這么早就去嗎?
You need have no anxiety on my account .你不必為我而著急。
dare , dared(用于否定句、疑問句和疑問句)敢
Dare you stay here alone in the night ? 你敢在夜里呆在這兒嗎?
Nobody dared mention that matter. 沒有人敢提那件事。
How dared you say that to her ? 你怎么敢對她說那件事?
Even if you dare do it , I won't allow you to because it's too dangerous .
即使你敢做,我也會讓你做那件事,因為太危險了。
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