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2017托福聽(tīng)力考試雙選題解題技巧
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：雙選題在托福聽(tīng)力中并不是一種題型，什么考點(diǎn)都能出，常常出現(xiàn)于主旨題，句子功能題，態(tài)度題，細(xì)節(jié)題中。初聽(tīng)文章時(shí)仍按照每種題型下的重點(diǎn)來(lái)把握信息和解題。下面由YJBYS小編告訴大家托福聽(tīng)力考試雙選題的解題技巧，歡迎參考!
雙選以細(xì)節(jié)題中最多，主要考查：
• 特征 (features, characteristics)
• 原因(reasons, factors, causes)
如何鎖定雙選題的信息點(diǎn)?
雙選多選答案的分布：可能集中于一句話or一段話中，也可能貫穿分布于整篇文章中。
雙選經(jīng)常帶有明顯的并列提示詞，提示詞hin重要，幫助鎖定雙(多)選信息。有時(shí)提示詞不明顯，需要參考具體題型解法，參考如but類的其他重點(diǎn)提示詞。
雙選題如何計(jì)分?
需要選對(duì)兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)，才能得分。
雙選題的正確率高嗎?
• 完美錯(cuò)過(guò)正確答案的很少，
• 最多的情況是選錯(cuò)1個(gè)。
那雙選題如何選對(duì)2個(gè)答案呢?
分為初階抓并列提示詞，進(jìn)階抓對(duì)比形容詞，高階練就排除選項(xiàng)的火眼金睛。
一、初階：
從并列提示詞入手，抓點(diǎn)得分。哪些屬于并列提示詞呢?并列提示詞對(duì)于文章和段落結(jié)構(gòu)起到很好的承托作用。我們先來(lái)欣賞一段散文，一起找一找里面的并列提示詞。
讀書(shū)樂(lè)
人們常把求知勤學(xué)叫作“寒窗苦讀”,而我大不以為然。讀書(shū)之樂(lè)，不一而足;苦誠(chéng)有之，樂(lè)亦無(wú)窮也。我雖年方十六，卻也已讀了十多年的書(shū)，自謂讀書(shū)有三樂(lè)”。
·一曰釋疑之樂(lè)。人是萬(wàn)物之靈，是已知萬(wàn)物中唯一有思想的生靈。既然有思想，就不免對(duì)紛繁復(fù)雜的大千世界生出許多疑問(wèn)來(lái)。然而一個(gè)人的思想是有限的，不可能解決所以的疑問(wèn)，有疑而不解，豈不令人遺憾?“丈夫當(dāng)日知其所亡”，這就是必須借助于讀書(shū)了。讀一本書(shū)，就像有幾十個(gè)，幾百個(gè)幾千個(gè)人在幫你打開(kāi)心中的疑惑。有時(shí)一個(gè)令你百思不得其解的問(wèn)題卻通過(guò)讀一本書(shū)而被輕而易舉地解決了，于是郁結(jié)在心頭的疑問(wèn)煙消云散。
·二曰啟思之樂(lè)。“書(shū)籍是人類智慧的鑰匙”，如果把人的創(chuàng)造力比作一座蓄水池的話，那么書(shū)就是泄水的閘門了。歷史上有很多創(chuàng)造發(fā)明正是受了書(shū)的啟發(fā)，例如當(dāng)年青霉素的發(fā)現(xiàn)者弗萊明，正當(dāng)他在苦苦尋找一種新型抗生素時(shí)，他偶然讀到了幾十年前的一本關(guān)于抗生素的書(shū)，里面提到了一種能消滅細(xì)菌的霉菌，不久以后，青霉素問(wèn)世了。當(dāng)然對(duì)于我們大多數(shù)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，讀書(shū)或許還談不上什么發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，但仍極具啟迪作用。比如讀《世界之謎》，書(shū)中的一連串的問(wèn)號(hào)把你帶到了一個(gè)無(wú)比美妙的未知世界，由此你的智慧得到了啟迪和發(fā)展，這不是讀書(shū)的妙處嗎?
·三曰神游之樂(lè)。這世界的確是太闊大了。大至宇宙，小至原子。遠(yuǎn)的不用說(shuō)，就連我們所生活的世界各地的佳境名勝，在人短暫一生中游歷殆盡也是不可能的。這時(shí)，書(shū)又成了一種最理想的交通工具，上天入地極大至微，只要是人類思想所及的地方，他便能帶你暢游一番。佳境在目，歌聲若聞，山水皆伸手可及，這又是讀書(shū)一樂(lè)。
當(dāng)然，讀書(shū)之樂(lè)不止這三種，又如正己之樂(lè)，知理之樂(lè)，可謂不可勝數(shù)也。誠(chéng)然，有樂(lè)也必有苦，然苦能生樂(lè)，又何苦之有?
都找到了嗎?這篇文章中的并列提示詞就是起始段的“三樂(lè)”，以及二三四段的“一曰釋疑之樂(lè)，二曰啟思之樂(lè)，三曰神游之樂(lè)。”如果托福聽(tīng)力題目這么容易的話，我們就要偷著樂(lè)了。實(shí)際考試考點(diǎn)會(huì)稍作設(shè)計(jì)，沒(méi)有這么容易判斷，BUT，一般在要出雙選題的地方，也會(huì)像這篇文章一樣，有比較明顯的總領(lǐng)句，如there be結(jié)構(gòu)：There are several reasons;或省略there be：Two changes took place.然后下面再分述2-3個(gè)理由/變化。我們需要抓住的正是there be后面的“一曰，二曰，三曰”�？赏懈Ｂ�(tīng)力中可不一定有“一二三”，那我們就來(lái)看一下There be后列舉的幾種正常與非正常打開(kāi)方式。
1)“First”列舉后必跟第二點(diǎn)并列
正常打開(kāi)：Second
非正常打開(kāi)：now, OK, Next, And, also, the important aspect
最常見(jiàn)的分述方式就是列舉了，說(shuō)話人為了使自己的語(yǔ)言也有邏輯性，往往會(huì)在總領(lǐng)句后用first來(lái)表述第一點(diǎn)理由，我們首先抓住這一點(diǎn)。比如31-1中解釋教授講課順序的理由時(shí)：“Now, there are some very good reasons to approach the material in this way. First, well, we don't have very much ancient Greek music studied. Only about 45 pieces survived uh...these are mostly records of poems and songs.” 隨著敘述的推進(jìn)，說(shuō)話人可能忘記用計(jì)數(shù)表示列舉，而改用其他代表說(shuō)話邏輯的詞來(lái)引出第二點(diǎn)理由“What we do know about - and this really is the most important reason I am approaching today's lecture the way I am - is the Greek philosophy about music and its continuing influence on western attitudes toward music. ” 雖然從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)說(shuō)好像并不對(duì)稱，但事實(shí)上應(yīng)該被我們采用為答案。
鎖定這兩處并列提示詞，我們看到題目時(shí)，就可以鎖定答案了：
What two reasons does the professor give for approaching the lecture material as he does? 【Click on 2 answers】
A. we have a limited idea of what ancient Greek music sounded like
B. the Greek philosophy of music influenced western thought
C. Greek music shared many characteristics with other types of ancient music
D. Greek melodies were admired by musicians from other countries
2)“One is” 后面必出現(xiàn)第二點(diǎn)并列
正常打開(kāi)：the other is
非正常打開(kāi)：夾雜混淆視聽(tīng)的其他并列詞，而隱藏考點(diǎn)并列詞
有同學(xué)提問(wèn)說(shuō)：既然有無(wú)用的并列詞，那筆記應(yīng)該怎么記呢?
• 答：在看到題目之前，凡并列詞都需要記錄，格外注重自問(wèn)自答/師生問(wèn)答。
比如：22-3中的一題
According to theprofessor, what are the two main goals of Pleistocene rewinding? 【 Click on 2 answers】
A. To restore some evolutionary processes that ended during the Pleistocene epoch
B. To help prevent the extinction of certain species of megafauna
C. To increase populations of native animal species in the western United States
D. To create a living laboratory where animal interactions can be observed
就是采取正常引入方式：“Now, the advocates of Pleistocene rewilding cite two main goals. One is to help prevent the extinction of some endangered megafauna by providing new refuges, new habitats for them. The other is to restore some of the evolutionary and ecological potential that has been lost in North America.”
而32-4中的這題就“不太正常”：
According to the professor, what interior features of the house Irwin designed were especially beneficial? [Choose two answers]
A. Circular rooms with windows in the ceiling
B. Floors that were easy to clean
C. A large, spacious common area
D. A single-fireplace system that heated the entire house
其中有提示詞提領(lǐng)的地方比較好判斷“Yeah. The rooms inside the house were also hexagonal, six-sided. Hen. So one important thing was that the rooms were arranged around a chimney in the center of the house, which could provide heat for the whole house through flues, uh, small air passageways into each room, as opposed to having a fireplace in every room, which would require more cleaning and make the air inside the house dirtier.“
而另一處答案點(diǎn)則隱藏在后面的一處師生問(wèn)答處
“Professor：OK. Think about cleaning. What part of a room is usually the hardest to clean? Like...to sweep with a broom.
Student：Oh! The corners. Because in square or rectangular rooms, the corners are at 90 degree angles. It’s hard to reach all the dust that gathers in the corners. But if Irwin's rooms were closer to a circle than a square, it would be easier to reach all the dust and dirt with a broom. Right?
Professor：Exactly.”
二、進(jìn)階：對(duì)比型雙選
解題關(guān)鍵：對(duì)比形容詞
在聽(tīng)到有對(duì)比形容詞的時(shí)候，如Traditional- unconventional，如Large-small ，往往代表兩種性質(zhì)相反的事物A，B，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)考察這兩種事物A，B特性的雙選題。如27-3中的一題，Compared to small animals, what disadvantages do large animals typically have? Click on 2 answers
A. large animals require more food
B. large animals have fewer offspring
C. large animals use relatively more energy in digesting their food
D. large animals have greater difficulty staying warm
題干中就出現(xiàn)“small animal”和“large animal”的明顯對(duì)比，而原文中則通過(guò)“fewer”“more”的數(shù)量對(duì)比來(lái)引出考點(diǎn)：“Biologically speaking, sauropods shouldn’t have been successful. Large animals like elephants, say, they require much more food and energy and have fewer offspring than smaller animals.”
三、高階：無(wú)明顯提示詞,練就排除易混選項(xiàng)的火眼金睛
這種情況下的雙選即無(wú)明顯提示詞，選項(xiàng)答案點(diǎn)在原文中分布也相對(duì)分散，給我們的判斷造成了很大的困難。這時(shí)，除了在聽(tīng)文章時(shí)要通過(guò)我們?cè)诩?xì)節(jié)題中所提到的其他重點(diǎn)提示詞來(lái)提煉信息，更需要在解題時(shí)通過(guò)選項(xiàng)中的“蛛絲馬跡”，來(lái)幫助我們排出正確選項(xiàng)，提高答題的正確率。
比如32-C1中的這題：
What does the woman suggest the man should do to have the best chance of selling his book to the bookstore? [Choose two answers]
A. Ask his professor if the same book will be used next semester
B. Sell the book back as soon as the buyback period begins
C. Make sure the book is in good condition
D. Bring the original sales receipt with the book
我們暫且不看原文，而從題干和選項(xiàng)所呈現(xiàn)的事實(shí)中來(lái)判斷。這篇提問(wèn)男生如何才能有“best chance”向書(shū)店賣出他的書(shū)(此處是二手書(shū))，best chance就限定我們一定要選出一個(gè)“機(jī)會(huì)最大”的選項(xiàng)，也就意味著要有比較的可能性，才有最高級(jí)。逐個(gè)看選項(xiàng)：A.問(wèn)教授是否下學(xué)期還會(huì)用同樣的書(shū)。做題時(shí)可以自問(wèn)：如果下學(xué)期還用一樣的書(shū)，男生的機(jī)率就最大了嗎?相比較其他同學(xué)賣二手書(shū)的同學(xué)，他有何優(yōu)勢(shì)呢?并沒(méi)有。再看B.趁回購(gòu)期一開(kāi)始就來(lái)賣。這里就具備了比較的條件，時(shí)間“先”“后”，比別人早來(lái)，可以更快賣出書(shū)。C呢，書(shū)保存得很完好。此處的比較是書(shū)的狀態(tài)“好”“壞”的對(duì)比，有對(duì)比，就有突出的可能。比別人書(shū)的狀態(tài)好，就能更快賣出。所以C也說(shuō)得通。D.附上書(shū)的發(fā)票。這個(gè)可以是buyback的一個(gè)必須條件，但體現(xiàn)不出差別，因?yàn)閯e的同學(xué)也可以把發(fā)票帶來(lái)。
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