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專四英語中19種修辭及例句

時(shí)間:2024-07-11 18:37:41 專業(yè)四級(jí)八級(jí) 我要投稿
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專四英語中19種修辭及例句

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專四英語中19種修辭及例句

  1.Simile 明喻

  明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對(duì)比.這種共性存在于人們的心里,而不是事物的自然屬性.

  標(biāo)志詞常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.

  例如:

  1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.

  2.I wandered lonely as a cloud.

  3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.

  2.Metaphor 隱喻,暗喻

  隱喻是簡(jiǎn)縮了的明喻,是將某一事物的名稱用于另一事物,通過比較形成.

  例如:

  1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.

  2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

  3.Metonymy 借喻,轉(zhuǎn)喻

  借喻不直接說出所要說的事物,而使用另一個(gè)與之相關(guān)的事物名稱.

  I.以容器代替內(nèi)容,例如:

  1.The kettle boils. 水開了.

  2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安靜地坐著.

  II.以資料.工具代替事物的名稱,例如:

  Lend me your ears, please. 請(qǐng)聽我說.

  III.以作者代替作品,例如:

  a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亞全集

  VI.以具體事物代替抽象概念,例如:

  I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力氣,他們就用我的力氣賺錢.

  4.Synecdoche 提喻

  提喻用部分代替全體,或用全體代替部分,或特殊代替一般.

  例如:

  1.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整體)

  他的廠里約有100名工人.

  2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)

  他是本世紀(jì)的牛頓.

  3.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整體代部分)

  這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配.

  5.Synaesthesia 通感,聯(lián)覺,移覺

  這種修辭法是以視.聽.觸.嗅.味等感覺直接描寫事物.通感就是把不同感官的感覺溝通起來,借聯(lián)想引起感覺轉(zhuǎn)移,“以感覺寫感覺”。

  通感技巧的運(yùn)用,能突破語言的局限,豐富表情達(dá)意的審美情趣,起到增強(qiáng)文采的藝術(shù)效果。比如:欣賞建筑的重復(fù)與

  變化的樣式會(huì)聯(lián)想到音樂的重復(fù)與變化的節(jié)奏;聞到酸的東西會(huì)聯(lián)想到尖銳的物體;聽到飄渺輕柔的音樂會(huì)聯(lián)想到薄薄的

  半透明的紗子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微風(fēng)過處送來縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的”。

  例如:

  1.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用視覺形容聽覺,鳥落在樹上,由它發(fā)出的聲音聯(lián)想到百合花)鳥兒落在樹上,傾瀉出百合花似的聲音.

  2.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅覺形容聽覺)

  品嘗Mozart的音樂.

  6.Personification 擬人

  擬人是把生命賦予無生命的事物.

  例如:

  1.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜擬人化)

  2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鳥擬人化)

  7.Hyperbole 夸張

  夸張是以言過其實(shí)的說法表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的.它可以加強(qiáng)語勢(shì),增加表達(dá)效果..

  例如:

  1.I beg a thousand pardons.

  2.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

  3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

  8.Parallelism 排比, 平行

  這種修辭法是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同或相似,意思相關(guān),語氣一致的短語.句子排列成串,形成一個(gè)整體.

  例如:

  1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

  2.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.

  9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辭法

  婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達(dá)粗惡,避諱的話.

  例如:

  1.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.

  2.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他與妻子關(guān)系不融洽.

  3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)

  10.Allegory 諷喻,比方(原意“寓言”)

  建立在假借過去或別處的事例與對(duì)象之上,傳達(dá)暗示,影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。

  英文解釋:an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英語專業(yè)《大學(xué)英語教程》一書

  這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個(gè)方式的說法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.

  例如:

  1.Make the hay while the sun shines.

  表層含義:趁著出太陽的時(shí)候曬草

  真正意味:趁熱打鐵

  2.It's time to turn plough into sword.

  表層含義:是時(shí)候把犁變成劍

  11.Irony 反語

  反語指用相反意義的詞來表達(dá)意思的作文方式.如在指責(zé)過失.錯(cuò)誤時(shí),用贊同過失的說法,而在表揚(yáng)時(shí),則近乎責(zé)難的說法.

  例如:

  1.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

  早上沒有時(shí)間觀念還真是一件好事啊(真實(shí)含義是應(yīng)該明確早上的時(shí)間觀念)

  2"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

  12.Pun 雙關(guān)

  雙關(guān)就是用一個(gè)詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發(fā)揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側(cè)擊,從而達(dá)到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn).

  例如:

  1.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

  2.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

  3.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

  13.Parody 仿擬

  這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語,改動(dòng)其中部分詞語,從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭.

  例如:

  1.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

  2.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.

  3.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.

  14.Rhetorical question 修辭疑問(反問)

  它與疑問句的不同在于它并不以得到答復(fù)為目的,而是以疑問為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點(diǎn)是:肯定問句表示強(qiáng)烈否定,而否定問句表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.

  例如:

  1.How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?

  2.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?

  15.Antithesis 對(duì)照,對(duì)比,對(duì)偶

  這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語句排在一起對(duì)比的一種修辭方法.

  例如:

  1.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.

  2.You are staying; I am going.

  3.Give me liberty, or give me death.

  16.Paradox 雋語

  這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長(zhǎng)的說法,是一種矛盾修辭法..

  例如:

  1.More haste, less speed.欲速則不達(dá)

  2.The child is the father to the man.(童年時(shí)代可決定人之未來)三歲看大,四歲看老。

  17.Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻

  這也是一種矛盾修辭法,用兩種不相調(diào)和的特征形容一個(gè)事物,以不協(xié)調(diào)的搭配使讀者領(lǐng)悟句中微妙的含義.

  例如:

  1.No light, but rather darkness visible.沒有光亮,黑暗卻清晰可見

  2.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.

  18.Climax 漸進(jìn)法,層進(jìn)法

  這種修辭是將一系列詞語按照意念的大小.輕重.深淺.高低等逐層漸進(jìn),最后達(dá)到頂點(diǎn).可以增強(qiáng)語勢(shì),逐漸加深讀者印象.

  例如:

  1.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.

  2.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.

  19.Anticlimax 漸降法

  與climax相反的一種修辭法,將一系列詞語由大到小,由強(qiáng)到弱地排列.

  例如:

  1.On his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.

  2.The duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.

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