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SAT考試語法核心考點(diǎn)
SAT，也稱“美國高考”，是由美國大學(xué)理事會主辦的一項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的、以筆試形式進(jìn)行的高中畢業(yè)生學(xué)術(shù)能力水平考試。下面小編為大家整理了SAT考試語法核心考點(diǎn)，歡迎閱讀！
一、詞語的正確使用
動詞(單復(fù)數(shù)，時態(tài)，語態(tài)，語氣)，代詞(人稱，指代不清，所有格)，名詞(一致)，介詞(固定搭配)易混詞，比較結(jié)構(gòu)。
二、句子結(jié)構(gòu)修改
句子連接，句子殘缺，主從句，平行結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾語位置錯誤
三、文意表達(dá)(expression of ideas)
1.行文：提出論點(diǎn)，論據(jù)支持，主題相關(guān)度和數(shù)據(jù)信息(proposition，support，focus，quantitative information)
2.結(jié)構(gòu)：句子先后順序，導(dǎo)入，結(jié)尾和銜接。(Logical sequence, Introductions,
conclusions, and transitions)
3.有效性：
準(zhǔn)確：用詞的準(zhǔn)確和恰當(dāng)
簡潔：用詞的不贅余(避免wordiness和redundancy)
新增考點(diǎn)：
根據(jù)文章需要，保持風(fēng)格，語調(diào)和修辭的合適(style，tone and syntax)
四、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(punctuation)
句末標(biāo)點(diǎn)(End-of-sentence punctuation);
句中標(biāo)點(diǎn)(Within-sentence punctuation);
五、新增考點(diǎn)：
所有格名詞和代詞(Possessive nouns and pronouns);
詞間標(biāo)點(diǎn)(Items in a series);
非限制和附加成分(Nonrestrictive and parenthetical elements);
不必要標(biāo)點(diǎn)(Unnecessary punctuation)
針對這些變化，我們需要注意如下三個問題：
第一、語法答題時間大大縮短，對閱讀速度要求大大提高：
1、改革前，49題35min：25min+10min
25min的Section ：
挑錯題：9min (18題)
句子改進(jìn)題：7min(11題)
涂卡：2min
文章改進(jìn)題：7min(6題+1篇文章)
2、改革后，44題35min：4篇文章
涂卡：3min
文章改進(jìn)題：8min(11題+1篇文章)
從7min/6題，到8min/11題，多了1分鐘，卻加了5道題，閱讀速度要求驟然提升!
而且，語法55%(24題)是語義表達(dá)題，45%(20題)是語法題，需要理解上下文的題目因此大大增多了。這對于我們來說，不得不說是一個巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。
第二、語法答題對于詞匯量和閱讀面的考察大大增加。以前的語法題大多是一個或兩個句子，閱讀量很小，甚至不需要讀懂全句，也可以通過技巧予以解決。
改革后，官方文件里給出了如下一段話，宣稱要讓考生理解完數(shù)個句子、段落，甚至是整篇文章，才可以答出問題：
In accord with best practices, the test requires students to answer questions based on extended-prose contexts rather than in isolation or in limited (e.g., single-sentence) contexts. Although some questions are answerable by referring to a single phrase, clause, or sentence, many others leverage the extended context the test’s format makes available and require students to have an understanding of multiple sentences, one or more paragraphs, or the passage as a whole。
本次官方公布的樣題1里的最后一題，就是最好例證：
During his career, Kingman exhibited his work internationally. He garnered much acclaim. In 1936, a critic described one of Kingman’s solo exhibits as “twenty of the freshest, most satisfying watercolors that have been seen hereabouts in many a day�！� Since Kingman’s death in 2000, museums across the United States and in China have continued to ensure that his now-iconic landscapes remain available for the public to enjoy。
7. Which choice most effectively combines the sentences at the underlined portion?
A) internationally, and Kingman also garnered
B) internationally; from exhibiting, he garnered
C) internationally but garnered
D) internationally, garnering
本題答案選D。garner意為獲得，對于選出答案極為重要。因?yàn)檫x項(xiàng)里有表示轉(zhuǎn)折的but，還有順承關(guān)系的and。
因此，要加大閱讀各種題材的文章，官方提到的科學(xué)，歷史，社科，人文，職場類的文章都要特別了解，還要老老實(shí)實(shí)背好核心詞匯。語法題不懂句意也可以做的時代過去了。
注意：圖表題尤其難，需要首先讀懂圖表和文意，最后才能選出詞義和語法均正確的選項(xiàng)，其實(shí)很類似一道單句寫作題。詳情請見官方樣題2最后一題。考試中建議最后考慮或者蒙，畢竟SAT不倒扣分了，這是一個利好消息。
第三、加強(qiáng)對新興熱門考點(diǎn)的理解和復(fù)習(xí)。
1.標(biāo)點(diǎn)的考察極其細(xì)致：
除了按功能將標(biāo)點(diǎn)分為六類，官方還列出了所有必考考點(diǎn)：除了常出現(xiàn)的逗號，句號和分號，還有不�？嫉拿疤枺普厶�，括號。此外，附加成分常用的插入語雙逗號和雙括號，加大了對主要信息和次要信息的區(qū)分。
官方公布的樣題中，一共13題，標(biāo)點(diǎn)就涉及了3題，考察了“句末標(biāo)點(diǎn)”的句號，“作為解釋說明”的冒號和“不需使用”的插入語。
2. 連接詞的題量和范圍加大：
SAT語法目前只有一篇文章，連接詞考察一般在1-2題;現(xiàn)在一共四篇，很可能考察4-6題。因此，連接詞的考察范圍、難度、靈活度均會加大，包括words, phrases, or sentences。官方公布的13道樣題里，連接詞涉及了2題。
3. 詞語的贅余和辨析題大大增多：
官方強(qiáng)調(diào) expression of ideas，明確考察詞義辨析，不僅是形近易混詞(如allusion和illusion)，而且是意義易混詞。這樣一來，詞語的辨析難度加大，等于是新型詞匯題。官方公布的樣題中，考察了對于“離開、放棄”這一詞義的詞語選擇，原題如下：
As Kingman developed as a painter, his works were often compared to paintings by Chinese landscape artists dating back to CE 960, a time when a strong tradition of landscape painting emerged in Chinese art. Kingman, however, vacated from that tradition in a number of ways, most notably in that he chose to focus not on natural landscapes, such as mountains and rivers, but on cities
4.
A) NO CHANGE
B) evacuated
C) departed
D) retired
拓展：SAT語法考試解題順序
1.抓住明顯錯誤進(jìn)行排除
首先大家需要尋找劃線部分是否有明顯的語法錯誤或邏輯錯誤，有的話馬上排除，再縱向?qū)ふ掖鸢�，把選項(xiàng)中沒有改正這些錯誤的都給排除掉。
例：The benefits of exercise is as psychological as physical.
(A) is as psychological as physical
(B) are more than psychological, they’re physical
(C) are as much psychological as physical
(D) have psychological aspects as well as the physical ones
(E) is psychological in parts and physical as well
我們可以看出這道題目的主語是benefits是復(fù)數(shù)，所以謂語動詞也應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)，但這里謂語動詞是單數(shù)，所以馬上把A排除掉，縱向?qū)ふ掖鸢�，發(fā)現(xiàn)E沒有改正錯誤，D選項(xiàng)錯誤的換了時態(tài)，所以都錯了。比較B和C選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)的意思不對而且顯得比較多余累贅，所以答案選C.
2. 利用�？伎键c(diǎn)作為切入點(diǎn)
有時大家如果把一些�？伎键c(diǎn)給記住的話，就可以大大提高解題的速度。比如在SAT語法當(dāng)中，劃線部分經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的錯誤就是代詞指代不清和限定性從句的引導(dǎo)詞指代混亂。因此如果劃線部分出現(xiàn)了這兩類詞的話，在未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯錯誤的時候，我們就應(yīng)該以這兩類詞為切入點(diǎn)，通過確認(rèn)其真實(shí)指代對象和語法指代對象是否一致來排除錯誤選項(xiàng)。
例：The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and it is an important method of transportation.
(A) The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and it
(B) The automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, was invented around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, and
(C) Invented around the same time were the automobile, popularized by Henry Ford and the airplane, which the Wright brothers developed, and it
(D) The automobile popularized by Henry Ford. Was inverted around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane and this is why it
(E) An invention around the same time as the Wright brothers developed the airplane, the automobile, popularized by Henry Ford, it
我們一起來分析一下這道題目，題干說由HF所推廣的汽車，與W兄弟所發(fā)明的飛機(jī)差不多在同一時間，它是一種重要的交通方法。大家發(fā)現(xiàn)劃線部分的最后一個詞it就犯了模棱兩可的錯誤，它既可以指代汽車，又可以指代飛機(jī)，所以A錯，同樣C, D, E也都有it，所以也不對。答案應(yīng)該選擇B選項(xiàng)，把it給去掉了，這樣就避免了指代不明的錯誤。
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