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SAT語(yǔ)法考試技巧
引導(dǎo)語(yǔ):SAT語(yǔ)法考試技巧,由應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)整理而成,謝謝您的閱讀。
一、解題原則
1. 逗號(hào)原則
逗號(hào)原則是指逗號(hào)不能用來(lái)連接兩個(gè)句子,它只起語(yǔ)氣停頓的作用?忌衫眠@條原則迅速對(duì)考題做出判斷,找到問(wèn)題所在。有三種方法解決逗號(hào)引導(dǎo)句子的問(wèn)題:用分號(hào);用連詞;把其中一個(gè)句子變成非限定結(jié)構(gòu)。
E.G. Before reading the front page of the newspaper, my sister reads the sports section, my brother reads the comics first.
C. Before reading the front page of the newspaper, my sister reads the sports section; my brother reads the comics first.
原題中的第二個(gè)逗號(hào)明顯有問(wèn)題,因?yàn)槎禾?hào)前后都是完整的句子,所以我們可以研判,答案選項(xiàng)中哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題,哪個(gè)就是正確選項(xiàng)。
2. 一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句必須具備一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)
我們用這條原則來(lái)判斷一段文字是否是完整的句子,或僅僅是一個(gè)片段。對(duì)這條原則的一般應(yīng)用為:我們判斷試題中是不是具備謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞即可。這條原則在SAT語(yǔ)法解題中大有用武之地,考生應(yīng)認(rèn)真掌握。
E.G. Directed by George Wolfe, the Broadway musical Bring in Da Noise, Bring in Da Funk telling how tap dancing evolved from the African American experience in the decades following the Civil War. No error
這道題需將telling改為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,否則整個(gè)句子沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞。
3. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)找句子主語(yǔ)的原則
一般而言,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ),如果分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和句子主語(yǔ)不存在邏輯關(guān)聯(lián),則是垂懸分詞,需要加以修改。SAT對(duì)于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考察較多,只要考生掌握這一原則,便有化腐朽為神奇之功效,不用通讀全題就可直接找到正確答案。
E.G. Burdened with three pieces of luggage and a pair of skis, Sarah’s search for a baggage cart was desperate.
E. Sarah searched desperately for a baggage cart
這道題目中句子主語(yǔ)search和分詞burdened不具備邏輯上的關(guān)聯(lián)性,所以需將句子主語(yǔ)改為Sarah才符合常理。
4. 排除插入語(yǔ)等次要信息,把握句子主干
能否在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)精準(zhǔn)地把握句子的主干和核心信息,是解題的關(guān)鍵所在,也是一個(gè)重要的解題思想。把握句子主干就是判斷句子的主謂部分,把同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等次要信息拋除,從而迅速找到問(wèn)題所在。
E.G. The scientific writings of Edward O. Wilson, Stephen Jay Gould, and Richard Dawkins, which has continued the discussion of genetic issues raised by Charles Darwin, are familiar to many high school and college students. No error
這道題目我們用二分的思想,把整個(gè)句子分成核心信息和次要信息兩部分,很快發(fā)現(xiàn)在which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中存在主謂不一致的問(wèn)題,所以有了清晰地思路才能攻城略地,無(wú)往不勝。
5. 判斷上下文的邏輯關(guān)系原則
英語(yǔ)表達(dá)體現(xiàn)出明顯的邏輯思維特點(diǎn),因此把握上下文的邏輯紐帶,對(duì)于把握篇章大意和作者意圖都是至關(guān)重要的,而SAT考試本身非常重視對(duì)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)的考察。
E.G. Although the English artist William Blake never having painted portraits, he regarded them as merely mechanical reproductions that, despite their popularity, lacked true creativity.
E. The English artist William Blake never painted portraits because he regarded them
這道題目主要是邏輯關(guān)系混亂,從句和主句之間是因果關(guān)系而非轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以只要我們能理順原句的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián),再結(jié)合答案選項(xiàng),很快能找到正確選項(xiàng)。
6. 能用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)較主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)而言,較為晦澀,不符合SAT語(yǔ)法考察所遵循的the simplest is the best的主旨,因此在答案選項(xiàng)中兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)并存時(shí),優(yōu)先考慮主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
E.G. When we read, we first form innumerable impressions and then those impressions are uated as we read on.
B. impressions and then uate those impressions
這道題目中句子的主語(yǔ)是we,所以后邊uate的施動(dòng)者也是句子的主語(yǔ)we,因此沒(méi)有必要使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
7. 能用名詞就不用代詞,代詞多為指代不清
在SAT語(yǔ)法考試中能用名詞的地方就不要用代詞,因?yàn)槊~表意更清楚,代詞多為指代不清。
E.G. Until it can be replaced by a faster, more efficient, and more economical means of transportation, trucks will carry most of the freight within and through metropolitan areas. No error
這道題目中it指代的是主句主語(yǔ)trucks,但是代詞指代的數(shù)不一致。按照一般原則,在試題中代詞指代一般不會(huì)用前位指代,一般都是后位指代。
8. 同位語(yǔ)的優(yōu)先原則
同位語(yǔ)的修飾關(guān)系相較于其他邏輯關(guān)系,最為簡(jiǎn)潔明了,符合SAT語(yǔ)法考試“用最簡(jiǎn)短的語(yǔ)句表達(dá)最清晰的思想”的原則,因此在答案選項(xiàng)中同位語(yǔ)與其他修飾關(guān)系并存時(shí),優(yōu)先選擇同位語(yǔ)。
E.G. By attracting new industry when the old factory closed, the council kept the economy of the town from collapsing, this was a disaster many workers had feared.
D. a disaster that many workers had feared.
這道題目首先可借助逗號(hào)原則做出判斷,但逗號(hào)本身并未劃線,因而只能在后邊作以修改,而選項(xiàng)D是同位語(yǔ)的修飾關(guān)系,所以優(yōu)先選擇。
二、題型詳解
SAT的語(yǔ)法題型主要分為三種。分別如下:
1.識(shí)別錯(cuò)誤(Identifying Sentence Error)
例題:
The bright fiberglass sculptures of Luis Jimenez has received critical acclaim
(A) (B)
not only in his home state, New Mexico, but also in New York. No error
(C) (D) (E)
在做這個(gè)題目的時(shí)候首先要找到句子的主干,也就是要找到主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。本題中的主語(yǔ)是The bright fiberglass sculptures,而謂語(yǔ)是B選項(xiàng)的has received,賓語(yǔ)是critical acclaim,那么下一步就是找到考察的語(yǔ)法點(diǎn),我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)考察的是主謂一致,這樣很容易就知道B選項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。要注意的一點(diǎn)是:所以答案都有E選項(xiàng)(No error),因此大家在完整地閱讀完句子后確實(shí)找不到錯(cuò)誤時(shí)要敢于選E.
2.改進(jìn)句子(Improving Sentences)
例題:
Although several groups were absolutely opposed to the outside support given the revolutionary government, other group were as equal in their adamant approval of that support.
(A) were as equal in their adamant approval of
(B) held equally adamant approval of
(C) were equally adamant in approving
(D) had approved equally adamantly
(E) held approval equally adamant of
同樣在做這個(gè)題型時(shí)也要先分析句子的結(jié)構(gòu),那么上面這個(gè)句子我們根據(jù)表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞Although可以判斷上面是表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)。改進(jìn)句子題中考核的正是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜一些的并列句或者復(fù)合句的結(jié)構(gòu)。在從句中句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+副詞+形容詞,而劃線部分主句中的結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+as+形容詞equal+介詞詞組的結(jié)構(gòu),那么顯然根據(jù)主從句的結(jié)構(gòu)我們可以判斷這個(gè)句子的考點(diǎn)是平行結(jié)構(gòu),因此當(dāng)閱讀完5個(gè)選項(xiàng)后我們可以和容易發(fā)現(xiàn)C選項(xiàng)的結(jié)構(gòu)和從句的結(jié)構(gòu)一致,因此答案是C.
3.改進(jìn)段落(Improving Paragraphs)
改進(jìn)段落的題型一般是一篇由15個(gè)到20個(gè)句子組成的文章,同時(shí)這篇文章通常是一篇draft,文章中會(huì)包含各種句法和語(yǔ)篇問(wèn)題。一般這種題型有四大類問(wèn)題:改正句子中的語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤(Sentence Revision);把兩句句子結(jié)合成一個(gè)句子(Sentence Combination);在段落中插入句子(Senetence Addition);以及文章分析問(wèn)題(Eassy Analysis)。在做改進(jìn)段落題時(shí)由于文章篇幅比較長(zhǎng),建議大家可以在看完整的同時(shí)做筆記,把文章的主要內(nèi)容的記錄下來(lái),然后根據(jù)題型要求來(lái)看是否需要回看上下文來(lái)完成題目。同時(shí)改進(jìn)段落題中的語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)實(shí)際是與改進(jìn)句子中的語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)密切相關(guān)的。因此要在注意語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的掌握要融會(huì)貫通,并打好扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
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