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公共英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試四級(jí)真題及答案
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1.Directions:
Read the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
In the years after World War II, Americans typically assumed the full responsibilities of adulthood by their late teens or early 20s. Most young men had (21 )__ school and were working full-
time, and most young women were (22)__ and raising children. People who grew (23) __in this era of growing affluence were economically serf-sufficient and able to take care of others by the time they had weathered adolescence. Today, adulthood no longer (24) __ when adolescence ends.
Social scientists are beginning to recognize a new phase of life: early adulthood. Some features of this stage resemble coming of age (25) __ the late 19th and early 20th centuries,(26)__ youth fingered in a state of semi-autonomy, waiting (27)__ they were sufficiently well-off to marry, have children and establish an independent (28) __ However, there are important differences (29)__ how young people today define and achieve adulthood from those of both the recent and the more distant past.
This new stage is not merely an extension of adolescence, (30) __ has been maintained in the mass media. Young adults are physically mature and often (31) __ impressive intellectual,
social and psychological skills. Nor are young people today reluctant to accept adult responsibilities. Instead, they are busy (32) __ up their educational credentials and practical skills in an ever more demanding labor market. Yet, many have not become fully adult, (33) __ they are not ready, or perhaps not permitted, to do (34) __ . For a growing number, this will not happen until their late 20s or even early 30s. In (35) __, American society will have to revise upward the “normal” age of full adulthood, and develop ways to assist young people through the ever-lengthening transition.
答案解析:
21.completed/finished
【精析】本題考查句意推斷。由上下文以及人生成長(zhǎng)階段的常識(shí)可知，此句要表達(dá)的意思是大多數(shù)年輕男性在二十歲左右已經(jīng)完成學(xué)業(yè)，開(kāi)始工作了，故填completed/finished均可。
22.married
【精析】本題考查句意推斷。由后文的raising children可知，此句要表達(dá)的是多數(shù)年輕女性已結(jié)婚生子，故填married。
23.up
【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組的搭配及用法。根據(jù)句意不難理解，此句的主語(yǔ)是在這個(gè)黃金發(fā)展時(shí)代成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的人們，grow up意為“成長(zhǎng)，長(zhǎng)大”，故填up。
24.begins/tarts/commences l
【精析】本題考查前后文的結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)照。句中將“成年期”與“青年期”對(duì)照，后半句說(shuō)的是青年期的結(jié)束，由推測(cè)可知，前半句應(yīng)為成年期的開(kāi)始。整句表達(dá)的是，成年期并不隨著青春期的結(jié)束而開(kāi)始，故填 begins/starts/commences均可。
25.in
【精析】本題考查介詞的用法。在十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初，用介詞 in，故填in。 l
26.when
【精析】本題考查關(guān)系副詞的用法。此句為when引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾前面表示時(shí)間的先行詞“十九世紀(jì)末二十世紀(jì)初”，故：填when。 I
27.until/till I
【精析】本題考查句意推斷及連詞的用法。由上下文得知，此句表達(dá) 的是年輕人要等到足夠富有了才結(jié)婚生子，故填until/till均可。
28.family/household/home
【精析】本題考查句意推斷。由上下文可推斷，此處要表達(dá)的意思是建立一個(gè)獨(dú)立的家庭，故填family/household/home均可。
29.in {
【精析】本題考查句意理解及介詞的用法。此句要表達(dá)的是如今的 青年人在定義與實(shí)現(xiàn)成年期問(wèn)題上與過(guò)去的人有很大不同。表達(dá)“在…方面”應(yīng)用介詞in，故填in。
30.which
【精析】本題考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。前面主句中的“an extension of adolescence”為先行詞。此句意為“這個(gè)新階段并不像大眾媒體所堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為的那樣是青少年時(shí)期的延伸”，故填which。
31.have/own/possess
【精析】本題考查句意理解及句型結(jié)構(gòu)。此句由and連接兩個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)，意為“年輕的成年人生理發(fā)育成熟，常常擁有驚人的智慧、社交技能和心理承受技能”，故填have/own/possess均可。 I 32.building/strengthening
【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的搭配及用法。整句句意為“年輕人忙于加強(qiáng)他們的教育背景，提升實(shí)踐技能”。building/strengthening意為 “建立，增進(jìn)，加強(qiáng)”，又因?yàn)閎e busy(in)doin9的固定搭配，故填
building/strengthening均可。
33.because/for/since
【精析】本題考查邏輯關(guān)系。此句意為“很多年輕人還沒(méi)有完全成年是因?yàn)樗麄冞�沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好”，故填because/for/since均可。 I
34.so/this
【精析】本題考查句意理解。很多年輕人沒(méi)有完全成年因?yàn)樗麄冞�沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好這樣做。so/this指代前面的“become fully adult”，故填so /this均可。
35.fact/reality
【精析】本題考查介詞短語(yǔ)：in fact/in reality“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際上”，故填 fact/reality 均可。
2.Directions:
61. Read the following text and write an essay to
1) summarize the main points of the text,
2) make clear your own viewpoint, and
3) justify your stand.
In your essay, make full use of the information provided in the text. If you use more than three consecutive words from the text, use quotation marks (“ ”).
You should write 160-200 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Sunlight is free. Turning it into electricity produces no greenhouse gases and the process is getting cheaper every year. These facts suggest solar power ought soon to be a big part of the world's energy mix. However, it is unavailable at night and is most efficiently generated in deserts. Can these problems be overcome? Or is solar power forever destined to be financially aided greenwash that is applied superficially to fossil-fuel-based economies to make them seem more environ. mentally friendly than they really are?
This motion depends on whether the world needs saving, and if so, from what?
There are two conventional answers to the second question. One is, "from the effects of climate change brought about by man-made global warming". The other is, "from dependence on fossil fuels that are, by definition, a finite resource".
Both of these answers are challengeable. Few informed people doubt that humanity's outpourings of greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide, are altering the climate. But there is doubt over both how big that, effect will be and whether the response should be to try to stop the change or to adapt to it. The former would certainly require an approach to alternative energy, in which solar power would play an important--and probably eventually dominant--role. The latter would argue for business as usual, with access to the cheapest energy sources (ie, at the moment, fossil fuels) to help bring about the economic growth that will help pay for adaptation to an altered climate.
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