公共英語三級常見語法合集
語法是英語考試中的重中之重,所占分值也多。提高英語能力的方法是多讀多練多積累。小編在這里整理了公共英語三級常見語法合集供大家閱讀,希望能幫助到您。
公共英語三級常見語法1
一、動詞的時態(tài)
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時：
1.由when.as soon as.the minute.the moment.till.until等引起的時間狀語從句，以及由if.unless.provided that等引起的條件狀語從句常常用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)表示將來的動作，而主句則用一般將來時態(tài)。
例：They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they finish their exams.
2.當表示普遍的真理或者眾所周知的客觀事實，常常用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例：The earth is round. 地球是圓的。
(二)一般過去時：區(qū)分三個短語的用法：
1.used to do sth：過去常常做某事。
2.be/get used to doing sth：習(xí)慣做某事。
3.be used to do sth：被用于做某事。
(三)一般將來時：
1.be to+動詞原形：表示安排或計劃好了的動作。例：The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.
2.be about to+動詞原形：表示即將發(fā)生的動作。例：The lecture is about to begin.講座即將開始。
3.一些表示動作趨勢，如開始.終結(jié)，以及一些表示動作方向，如往來的動詞，常常用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)表示按照安排將于將來發(fā)生的事情，這類動詞常見的有如：start，go，leave，come，arrive等。例：We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我們明天動身去北京。
(四)進行時態(tài)：
重點區(qū)分when和while引起的時間狀語的用法。
When表示時間上的點，在考試中其引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句多翻譯為“這時?”，主句多用進行時態(tài);while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句多翻譯為“正當……時”，該從句用進行時態(tài)。 例：One of the guards was sleeping when the general came in, which made him very angry.
I fell and hurt myself while I was playing tennis.
(五)現(xiàn)在完成時：
重點區(qū)分have (has) been to：某人去過某地，表示一種經(jīng)歷，強調(diào)狀態(tài)，可以和once，twice，often，never，ever連用;
Have (has) gone to：某人在去某地的途中或已在某地，強調(diào)動作。此句型不能與上述時間狀語連用。例：He has gone to America.他已經(jīng)去了美國。He has been to America twice.他去過美國兩次。
(六)過去完成時：
1.強調(diào)一個動作發(fā)生在另外一個過去的動作之前時，用過去完成時。
2.It was the first/second/last time that? 在該句型，that從句用過去完成時態(tài)。
(七)將來完成時：
常常標志性地由by.by the time.by the end of引起一個表示將來時間段的時間狀語，主句用將來完成時態(tài)。
二、情態(tài)動詞
常見的情態(tài)動詞有can.could;may.might;must.need;should;ought to，對于情態(tài)動詞常考其兩方面的內(nèi)容，一是情態(tài)動詞用于推測句型，二是情態(tài)動詞用于虛擬語氣(該部分的講解放在虛擬語氣)
(一)情態(tài)動詞用于對現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容推測的常見句型有：
1.Can/may do sth：表示對現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的可能性的推測;
2.Must do sth：表示對現(xiàn)在內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測。
(二)情態(tài)動詞用于對過去內(nèi)容推薦的常見句型：
1.can/may have done sth：表示對過去內(nèi)容的可能性;
2.must have done sth：表示對過去內(nèi)容的肯定性的推測。
例：1.Mr Green must have failed to receive my letter, otherwise he would have replied.
2.I believe he must have had an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.
三、虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣表示與客觀事實相反的假設(shè)，由if虛擬條件從句和主句構(gòu)成。
(一)虛擬語氣的基本內(nèi)容
根據(jù)虛擬與其這種與事實相反的假設(shè)所對應(yīng)的時間不同，虛擬語氣的if虛擬條件從句與主句的謂語動詞分別有三類構(gòu)成形式：
假設(shè)類型If虛擬條件從句
主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反 Did/were Would/should do 與過去事實相反 Had done Would/should have done 與將來事實可能相反 Were to do/did/should do Would/should do
例：1.I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.
2.If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money
would have been lost
3.Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.
4.I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.
5.Do you think there would be less conflict (戰(zhàn)斗.斗爭) in the world if all people spoke the same language.
6.If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.
(二)if的省略形式(又稱虛擬語氣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu))
在if虛擬條件從句中，如果謂語部分包含were，should，had等詞，則可以把這些詞放到主語前，省略if，構(gòu)成虛擬語氣的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
(三)主句與從句時間不一致時虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成
當虛擬語氣的if虛擬條件從句和主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致時，要根據(jù)各自表示的.時間采用對應(yīng)的虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成形式。
例：1.If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would know what happened now.
2.If you had taken our advice at that time, you would not be in trouble now.
(四)主觀傾向性動詞引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成
在英語中存在一些動詞，表示建議.命令.要求等主觀的傾向，由這些動詞引導(dǎo)的that賓語從句中，從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形，should可以省略。這類常見的主觀傾向性動詞有“一堅持.二命令.三建議.五要求”，分別是：
一堅持：insist 二命令：order.command 三建議：suggest.advise(n advice).propose(提議.建議) 五要求：ask.demand.require.request.desire
例：1.The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have an operation right away so as to save his life.
2.His mother insisted that he put on the coat when going out. 同時，如果在題干中出現(xiàn)上面這些主觀傾向性動詞的名詞和形容詞形式，題干中從句部分的謂語動詞也要用should+動詞原形，should可以省略�？荚囍谐Ｒ姷脑~匯有：order，command，suggestion，advice，proposal，demand，request，desire，advisable，desirable.
(五)wish that和if only引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成
Wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和if only引起的感嘆句都用虛擬語氣來表示一種沒有實現(xiàn)或無法實現(xiàn)的愿望，其中wish that句型往往翻譯為：多么希望?;if only表示的愿望較wish that更強烈，常翻譯為但愿;要是?就好了。兩者的用法基本相同。兩者的用法是：
1.當表示與現(xiàn)在的事實相反的一種愿望時，wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語動詞采用的形式是：did/were;
2.當表示與過去的事實相反的一種愿望時，wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語動詞采用的形式是：had done;
3.當表示未來一時很難實現(xiàn)的一種愿望時，wish that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和if only引起的感嘆句中謂語動詞采用的形式是：would do.
(六)would rather引導(dǎo)的虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成
Would rather的意思是“寧愿.寧可”其引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(一般省去that)通常用虛擬語氣表示一種與事實相反的假設(shè)。我們可以假設(shè)A.B是兩個人，通過牢記一下句式來記住其用法：
1.A would rather B did sth：表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾吹囊环N假設(shè)
2.A would rather B had done sth：表示與過去事實相反的一種假設(shè)
四、感官動詞.使役動詞
(一)感官動詞的用法及其被動語態(tài)：在英語中，常見的感官動詞有“五看二聽一感覺”(see.watch.look.notice.observe;hear.listen to.feel)，在主動語態(tài)中用動詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，如see sb do/doing sth，改為被動語態(tài)時則要加to，如sb be seen to do sth.
(二)使役動詞的用法及其被動語態(tài)：在英語中，常見的使役動詞有make.let.have，在主動語態(tài)中用動詞原形做賓補，如make sb do sth，改為被動語態(tài)時則要加to，如sb be made to do sth， 兩種形式都表示使/讓某人做某事的意思。例：We were made to study hardy.我們被要求努力學(xué)習(xí)。
(三)英語中�？嫉木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)一：sth need/ want/ require doing 某物需要?(=sth need/want/require to be done)(此句式主語為物)例：My room is a mess. It needs tidying up(整理)。
(四)英語中�？嫉木涫浇Y(jié)構(gòu)二：have/get sth done 請/讓別人做某事(have/get后接賓語為物)
例：I have taken many photos. I‘m going to get the filmdeveloped. 五.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)，其構(gòu)成為：情態(tài)動詞+be+過去動詞。例：The work must be finished before lunch. 這項工作必須在午飯前干完。
公共英語三級常見語法2
1、 一般現(xiàn)在時
(1) 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes, always, often, every day等時間狀語連用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
(2) 表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 現(xiàn)在進行時
(1) 表示說話時或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，常與now, at present等時間狀語連用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常含有某種情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 現(xiàn)在完成時
主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just, already, so far, once, never 等詞連用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般將來時
表示將來某一時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next year等連用。如：
Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
Were going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般過去時
表示在過去某一時間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的.動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等詞連用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、過去進行時
表示過去某一時刻或某一時期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 過去完成時
表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
8、一般過去將來時
表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：
He said he would come, but he didnt.
公共英語三級常見語法3
要點
1、 連詞的種類
(1) 并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句，如and, for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
(2) 從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句，如that, if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語從句)。
2、 常用連詞舉例
(1)and 和，并且
They drank and sang all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
Im sad, but he is happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
Either youre wrong, or I am.
(5) for因為
I asked him to stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6) however 然而，可是
Af first, he didnt want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否則
Hurry up, or youll be late.
Are you a worker or a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
Its getting late, so I must go.
(11) although 雖然
Although it was late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
Ill tell him as soon as I see him.
(13) because 因為
He didnt go to school, because he was ill.
(14)unless 除非，如果不
I wont go unless it is fine tomorrow.
(15)until 直到…
He didnt leave until eleven. (瞬間動詞用于not… until 結(jié)構(gòu))
He stayed there until eleven.
(16)while 當…時候，而 (表示對比)
While I stayed there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬間動詞)
My pen is red while his is blue.
(17)for 因為
He was ill, for he didnt come. (結(jié)論是推斷出來的.)
(18)since自從…
I have lived here since my uncle left.
(19)hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to the station when the train left.
(20)as far as 就… 來說
As far as I know, that country is very small.
You may walk as far as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
例題
例1 John plays football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well as C so well D so well as
解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得和David一樣好。 和…一樣好為as well as. 故該題正確答案為B。
例2 She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C which D while
解析：該處意為"然而"，只有while有此意思，故選D。
 
;例3 Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。
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