公共英語三級(jí)真題
引導(dǎo)語：下面小編為大家?guī)砉灿⒄Z三級(jí)的真題，以供大家參考復(fù)習(xí)，謝謝您的閱讀。
SECTION I Listening Comprehension Part A
1、聽音頻：
回答1-10題。
Directions:
This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B.
Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test book-let. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.
If you have any questions, you may raise your hand now as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started.
Now look at Part A in your test booklet.
Part A
Directions:
You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible an-swers. Choose the correct answer- A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15 seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue only once.
What will the woman do tomorrow?
A.Hold a party.
B.See Mr. Smith.
C.Work overtime.
D.Attend a wedding.
2、 Who is Mr. Johnson according to the speakers?
A.Their former colleague.
B.Their former neighbor.
C.Their former teacher.
D.Their former client.
3、 What are the speakers talking about?
A.A job interview.
B.A reporter' s work.
C.How to impress people.
D.How to handle an interview.
4、 How many flights to Sydney will there be next Tuesday afternoon?
A.One.
B.Two.
C.Four.
D.Five.
5、 What did the man' s teacher tell him to do?
A.Polish his essay.
B.Hand in his essay.
C.Rewrite his essay.
D.Write a shorter essay.
6、 What can we learn about the woman' s son?
A.He often talks with his mother.
B.He often drives in a careless way.
C.He is willing to listen to his mother.
D.He is worried about his driving skills.
7、 What do we know about Jack?
A.He is a company manager.
B.He makes emergency calls.
C.He records emergency calls.
D.He is a company technician.
8、 What can we learn from this conversation?
A.The woman is paying the bill.
B.Bill' s phone number is 510-1520-20.
C.The man pays 20 dollars to the woman.
D.The woman has a 20-dollar bill changed.
9、 What does the woman mean?
A.The dentist' s is at a convenient place.
B.The dentist's is close to Times Square.
C.It was comfortable to sit at the dentist' s.
D.It was not so terrible a visit to the dentist' s.
10、 What do we know about the woman?
A.She is going to deliver a lecture.
B.She spent a year in the rain forest.
C.She is looking forward to the lecture.
D.She will finish her report this weekend.
SECTION I Listening Comprehension Part B
11、What do we know about the woman's family?
A.They kept a lot of birds.
B.They lived in a big house.
C.They owned a small farm.
D.They suffered from poverty.
12、 What did the woman' s mother impress her with?
A.Her love.
B.Her success.
C.Her ambition.
D.Her knowledge.
13、 What did the woman' s mother wish her to do?
A.Go to college.
B.Become a writer.
C.Have a better life.
D.Support her family.
14、 Whom is the man probably complaining to?
A.A receptionist.
B.A travel agent.
C.A coach driver,
D.A hotel staff member.
15、 Why did the man wait in the heat for two hours?
A.The coach had to be replaced.
B.The coach driver felt sick.
C.The hotel rooms were full.
D.The hotel had to be cleaned.
16、 What did the man mention in his complaint?
A.Impolite hotel cleaners.
B.Dark light and dirty rooms.
C.Rude people living downstairs.
D.Disturbing noise and poor food.
17、 How did the man feel about the woman' s apology?
A.Amusing.
B.Annoying.
C.Desirable.
D.Reasonable.
18、 What did the NWHA survey aim to explore?
A.The incidences of obesity.
B.Popular views on obesity.
C.Ways to fight obesity.
D.The causes of obesity.
19、 How many people in the world are rated as being overweight?
A.16 million.
B.18 million.
C.1.6 billion.
D.1.8 billion.
20、 In which country do people feel the most pressure to be thin?
A.Brazil.
B.India.
C.France.
D.America.
21、 Who are most likely to blame their parents for obesity?
A.The French.
B.The Swiss.
C.Germans.
D.Russians.
22、 What do trendspotters do?
A.Take pictures of youth culture.
B.Write reports on youth culture.
C.Sell products to young people.
D.Create websites for young people.
23、 What does Look-Look concentrate on?
A.Recruiting trendspotters for its clients.
B.Providing advice to young trendspotters.
C.Organizing sales networks for its clients.
D.Dealing in information about youth trends.
24、 Why do some companies use Look-Look' s images on their websites?
A.To promote visits to Look-Look.com.
B.To attract young people to their new products.
C.To learn about what makes young people buy.
D.To encourage young people to be photographed.
25、 Why is it difficult for trendspotters to catch original styles?
A.Many young people like to show off.
B.Many young people stick to the rules.
C.Many young people try to copy trends.
D.Many young people refuse to take pictures.
SECTION II Use of English(15 minutes)
根據(jù)下列材料，請(qǐng)回答26-45題：
What do I want? It' s really a very 26 question; yet many of us are not sure. 27 it doesn' t have to be all that difficult to answer. It' s a matter of 28 Have you ever looked through a telescope at something? You find a 29 point to concen-trate on, and then 30 the settings. At first, it's too 31 , then it's too far away, finally it' s just right. The 32 is that it takes many adjustments to 33 the subject into focus. If 34 want to look at something else, the 35 starts again.
Goal-setting is the same way. Don' t 36 if at first you don' t know exactly what you want to 37 . Just don' t make the mistake of never committing 38 anything. Sometimes the answer is very simple: Just 39 something!
Dr. Mark Goldstone, author of Get Out of Your Own Way, 40 you "look back in order to look 41. " Examine your calendar at day' s end during a typical week and 42 each
appointment or listing on a scale of - 3 to + 3, 43 -3 means "If I never do this again, it will be 'too soon to do it. " and + 3 means "I could do this all day long, and I can' t 44 to do it all over again. " 45 you identify the frequent themes, you' 11 be able to better focus your dreams.
26、
A.strange
B.simple
C.ridiculous
D.funny
27、
A.And
B.So
C.For
D.But
28、
A.time
B.determination
C.focus
D.preference
29、
A.reference
B.turning
C.starting
D.major
30、
A.switch
B.open
C.adjust
D.fix
31、
A.large
B.dark
C.foggy
D.close
32、
A.sign
B.point
C.choice
D.law
33、
A.bring
B.move
C.include
D.put
34、
A.observers
B.viewers
C.we
D.you
35、
A.practice
B.process
C.progress
D.performance
36、
A.hesitate
B.mind
C.worry
D.apologize
37、
A.see
B.say
C.do
D.hear
38、
A.in
B.on
C.to
D.at
39、
A.write
B.pick
C.test
D.draw
40、
A.suggests
B.announces
C.imagines
D.warns
41、
A.forward
B.up
C.round
D.in
42、
A.read
B.correct
C.define
D.grade
43、
A.which
B.what
C.where
D.why
44、
A.wait
B.promise
C.afford
D.manage
45、
A.Once
B.Unless
C.Before
D.Though
SECTION III Reading Comprehension Part A(40 minutes)
Text 1
46、根據(jù)下列材料，請(qǐng)回答46-60題：
In 1997, 25 Japanese citizens, all older than 60, launched Jeeba (the name means "old man and old woman") to make senior-friendly products. They knew they were making history when they coined their company motto : "Of the elderly, by the elderly and for the elderly. " They do not hire young people, and the oldest of their workers is 75.
Firms run by senior citizens are still a rarity, in Japan and worldwide. But the elderly have numbers on their side. Healthier and longer-living seniors, born immediately after World War II,are reaching retirement age in huge numbers all over the developed world. Extremely low birthrates in those same countries mean there are far fewer young workers to take their place. One likely con-sequence is now clear: shrinking work forces.
While the streamlining effects of international competition are focusing attention on the need to create and keep good jobs, those fears will eventually give way to worries about the growing short-age of young workers. One unavoidable solution: putting older people back to work, whether they like it or not. Indeed, advanced economies like those of Finland and Denmark have already raised their retirement ages. Others are under severe pressure to follow suit, as both the European Com-mission and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have recently warned their members that their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly.
Whether these changes are good or bad news to workers depends on whether they anticipate retirement with eagerness or dread. In the United States, half of working-age Americans now expect to work into their 70s, whether by financial necessity or by lifestyle choice, according to a new study by Putnam Investments.
Contrary to still widespread assumptions, there is very little hard evidence to suggest that com-panies cannot stay competitive with a rising share of older workers. At 13ritish hardware chain B&Q, its "elder worker" stores in Manchester and Exmouth were 18 percent more profitable than its regular outlets--due in part, the company says, to six times less employee turnover and 60 per-cent less shoplifting and breakage.
46、Jeeba' s difference from a conventional company mainly lies in
A.the age of its employees
B.the number of its owners
C.the quality of its products
D.the scope of its operations
47、 In the developed world, compared with young people, the elderly
A.are better at business
B.are greater in number
C.have healthier lifestyles
D.have more job opportunities
48、 According to the writer, in the current situation companies are faced with the tough task of
A.creating good positions
B.employing retired workers
C.filling vacant positions
D.replacing unskilled workers
49、 For future prosperity, many European countries will have to
A.increase the number of young workers
B.offer many senior-friendly jobs
C.improve services for seniors
D.raise their retirement ages
50、 B&Q' s "elder worker" stores are mentioned to show that the employment of older work-ers
A.does not reduce a company' s competitiveness
B.does not affect older workers' lifestyle Choices
C.is not a usual practice among competitive firms
D.is not good news to those who are eager to retire
Text 2
根據(jù)下列材料，請(qǐng)回答51-65題：
Here' s how I want to watch the 2014 Winter Olympics. I want to go to a Web site to see any event I want, whenever I want to watch it, on whatever screen I choose. I' 11 gladly pay.
The technology exists to make this happen today. Yet nearly two decades after the introduction of the World Wide Web, this remains a fantasy. NBC, which broadcasted the Vancouver Olympics in the United States, wouldn' t put videos on its Web site until they had been shown on prime-time TV. So Americans had the weird experience of learning from a news report during the day that something fantastic had just happened, and then having to wait until that night' s broadcast to see it.
Bloggers complained, but NBC wouldn' t give way. Its research shows that people like me, who want to watch the Olympics online, represent only 7 percent of the total audience. The other, bigger concern is: the Internet doesn' t deliver any money. Advertisers remain willing to pay big money to show their commercials on prime-time TV. But on the Internet? Not so much.
So NBC clings to the old way of doing things. As it sees it, the prime-time show is the most important. To make matters worse, NBC was already expecting to lose $ 250 million on the 2010 Vancouver Games. Good luck persuading it to invest in a risky Web project.
It's easy to blame the network executives. But the NBC guys and their like are only doing what makes sense. They're going where the money is.
That needs to change. Yes, selling reporting of Olympic events over the Internet would drain away some of the prime-time audience, but my sense is many of the online subscribers would still watch the prime-time show. And over time, the subscription dollars could become a substantial rev- enue stream. Instead of viewing the Internet as a threat to prime time, the TV networks should see the Web as a way to sell even more of their product to a small but passionate subset of their audi-ence.
I' m hoping that by 2014, that will have changed.
51、 According to the writer, watching the Olympics online as one likes
A.is technologically impossible
B.is still denied to the audience
C.has been a dream for 20 years
D.will no longer be free in 2014
52、 We learn that what Americans saw about the Vancouver Olympics
A.was unavailable online
B.differed from the news
C.seemed weird to them
D.was first shown on TV
53、 Bloggers complained about NBC' s
A.neglect of those in the minority
B.excessive online advertisements
C.delay in providing videos online
D.limited reporting on sports news
54、 After the 2010 Vancouver Games, NBC is likely to
A.improve its prime-time show
B.continue its current practice
C.raise its price for advertising
D.try its luck in a web program
55、 The writer thinks the TV networks should view the Web as a potential to help them to
A.make dramatic profits
B.develop new products
C.satisfy their subscribers
D.divide prime-time revenues
Text 3
根據(jù)下列材料，請(qǐng)回答56-70題：
One important thing during the pre-Christmas rush at our house was the arrival of my daughter' s kindergarten report card. She got high praise for her reading, vocabulary and overall en-thusiasm. On the other hand, we learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer, though the detailed handwritten report her teachers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her efforts. A number system indicates how she' s measuring up in each area without any mention of passing or failing.
All of which seems to make my daughter' s school neither fish nor fowl when it comes to the debate over the merits of giving formal grades to kids. At one level, the advantages and disadvanta-ges are obvious. A grade system provides a straightforward standard by which to measure how your child is progressing at school--and how he or she is getting on compared to other children. But as writer Sue Ferguson notes, "Grades can deceive. " The aim should be "to measure learning, not simply what a student can recall on a test. " The two aren' t the same--and if you doubt that as an adult, ask yourself whether you could sit down without any preparation and still pass those high-school-level examinations.
If you' re old enough, you' ve lived through this debate before. At one time, it was considered unfair to put children in direct competition with one another if it could be avoided. The inten-tion behind tha.t may have been good, but it ignored the fact that competition, and the will to come out on top, are essential components of the human condition.
This time around, educators working with a no-grades approach are emphasizing different rea-sons. The thing is, that approach is much more commonplace in the adult workplace than is the tra-ditional pass-fail system we place on our children. Many workplaces conduct regular employee eval-uations. There are usually fairly strict limits to what an employer can tell an employee in those eval-uations-and even then, negative evaluations can be challenged by the employee. No matter where you sit in the debate over the grade system, then, the real question is this: if it' s so good for kids, why isn't that also true for adults?
56、The school report indicates that the writer' s daughter
A.lacks interest in her school work
B.ranks among the best at language
C.has some trouble with her handwriting
D.needs to improve in math and computer skills
57、 We can learn that the girl' s school tries to deliver the report
A.in a positive way
B.in a scientific way
C.in an attractive way
D.in an enthusiastic way
58、 Sue Ferguson seems dissatisfied with the grade system for its focus on
A.the process of getting the knowledge
B.the capability of memorizing for the test
C.the procedure of measuring learning
D.the standard of comparing schools
59、 The writer would agree that cutting children off from competition is
A.fit for human development
B.fit for their age and experience
C.against a key part of human nature
D.out of consideration for children
60、 It can be learned that today's educators supporting the no-grades approach insist that
A.kids be allowed to challenge the negative evaluations
B.the traditional teacher-student relationship be changed
C.the evaluation system for kids be similar to that for adults
D.strict rules be set up in evaluating school children
SECTION III Reading Comprehension Part B(40 minutes)
61、根據(jù)下列材料，請(qǐng)回答61-65題：
Directions:
Read the texts from a magazine in which five people voice their different opinions in response to an article on the issue of praising. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person (61 to 65) to one of the statements ( A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.
Mike :
Praise often and sincerely--it' s as simple as that. Employees want to feel needed and appreci-ated. By offering sincere praise with examples about what they did right, you' ll go far in creating an energetic team. Meanwhile, I don't agree with the assertion that "to focus on what needs im-proving isn' t good management. " In fact, it' s the balance of praise along with constructive criti-cism that drives employees to work smarter and reach higher.
Frank:
This article makes a valid point that needs to be understood, especially for the new generation of workers, my generation. We don' t see ourselves as parts in the machine to be put in the dark to work. My generation needs respect in return from our employer, we need to feel appreciated beyond just a pay check, it' s the difference between being fulfilled at our career and being sad at our job.
Joyce :
One skill missing in today's workplace is the ability to build effective business relationships.At the core of that relationship is the need for consistent feedback. "How am I doing?" is a ques-tion that should be answered consistently. When you tell an employee once a year what is needed to improve, you have not done your job as a leader--build skills, provide feedback and help the em-ployee grow and develop.
Ellen:
I don' t see a problem with praising employees when it' s truly deserved ( insincere praise is an entirely different story). It' s a cost-free "benefit", if you will, in that it allows employees to see that their efforts are both noticed and valued. In the work world there are always people available to tell that you are doing something wrong and far too few occasions when employees are told that they've done something right!
Diana:
Praise what the employee did. Be specific about why it was helpful. An employee who contin-ually earns your praise also deserves your attention as to how else to reward their behavior. Mean-ingful praise encourages people beyond anything else. Written comments are available for later re-view. They give them confidence that they can "do it again. " I never regretted praising an employ-ee who deserved it but often kicked myself for missing an opportunity.
Now match the name of each person (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement
Note: there are two extra statements.
Statements
[A]Praise combined with criticism is helpful.
[B] Praise can bring about many kinds of desired behavior.
[C] Employees may feel it hard to accept.insincere praise.
[D] Let employees know exactly for what they are praised.
[E] In my opinion, we are not generous enough to give praise.
[F] Employees need helpful advice on a regular basis.
[G] Money alone cannot guarantee a sense of career fulfillment for me.
61、 Mike
62、 Frank
63、 Joyce
64、 Ellen
65、 Diana
66、Directions:
You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Part A
You will be transferred to the city where your friend James lives. Write an email to him, telling him about:
1 ) the reason(s) for your job transfer;
2 ) the help you will need from him.
You should write approximately 100 words. Do not use your own name at the end of your email. Use "Wang Lin" instead.
SECTION IV Writing Part B(40 minutes)
67、Below is a picture showing a young man who chooses to stay at home, depending on his parents for a living. Write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following points:
1) the possible causes of the young man' s problem;
2) your suggested solutions to the problem.
答案：
第一部分聽力理解：1.A 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.D 10.C 11.D 12.A 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.D 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A 21.D 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.C
第二部分英語知識(shí)運(yùn)用
參考譯文
我想要什么?這是個(gè)非常簡(jiǎn)單的問題;雖然我們很多人都不能確定。但這個(gè)問題并不一定難以回答，這只是時(shí)間問題。
你有沒有曾經(jīng)透過望遠(yuǎn)鏡去看東西?你找到一個(gè)起始點(diǎn)開始聚焦，然后調(diào)整設(shè)置。起先，這個(gè)目標(biāo)物要么太近，要么太遠(yuǎn)，最后焦距會(huì)剛剛好。關(guān)鍵是這個(gè)過程需要不斷調(diào)整以聚焦于某個(gè)目標(biāo)物。如果你想看別的東西，這個(gè)過程又開始了。
確定目標(biāo)也是相同的方式。如果你一開始并不確切地知道你想做什么，不用擔(dān)心。只是不要犯下從不承諾的錯(cuò)誤。有時(shí)候答案很簡(jiǎn)單：就是挑一件事去做而已!
《擺脫你的習(xí)慣》一書的作者馬克·金士頓博士建議“回頭看的目的是為了朝前看”。在一周中的每天要結(jié)束的時(shí)候，查看下你的日歷，用-3至+3之間的數(shù)值去畫出每次預(yù)約和要做事情的日期。此處，-3的意思是“如果我再不去做這件事，就沒有時(shí)間做了”;+3的意思是“我有一整天的時(shí)間去做這件事，我不能再做一遍”。一旦你確定了你做事的主題思想，你就會(huì)更好地集中注意力于你的夢(mèng)想。
26.B【精析】本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。strange陌生的;ridiculous荒謬的;funny可笑的。此處是說我想要什么這個(gè)問題很簡(jiǎn)單，所以只有simple“簡(jiǎn)單的”符合題意，故選B。
27.D【精析】本題考查上下文語義的銜接。根據(jù)文意，此處是說這個(gè)問題許多人不能確定，但其實(shí)這個(gè)問題不難回答。因此，此處需要一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折之意的連詞，只有答案but“但是”表示轉(zhuǎn)折，符合題意，故選D。
28.A【精析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。determina-tion決心;focus焦點(diǎn);preference偏愛。這里是說回答這個(gè)問題只是時(shí)間問題，因此只有 “time”符合題意，構(gòu)成詞組“a matter of time”意為“時(shí)間問題”，故選A。
29.C【精析】本題考查動(dòng)名詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)常識(shí)用望遠(yuǎn)鏡時(shí)應(yīng)該首先確定目標(biāo)物，此處文意為找到一個(gè)起始點(diǎn)開始聚焦，starting point表示起始點(diǎn)，其他選項(xiàng)均不合題意，故選C。
30.C 【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。此處意為調(diào)整望遠(yuǎn)鏡的設(shè)置，switch轉(zhuǎn)變;open打開;fix固定。因此只有adjust“調(diào)整”符合題意，故選C。
31.D【精析】本題考查形容詞詞義辨析。large大的;dark黑暗的;foggy有霧的。此處是說這個(gè)目標(biāo)物一會(huì)兒太近一會(huì)兒太遠(yuǎn)，此空應(yīng)和后面的far away相對(duì)，所以只有close“近的”最恰當(dāng)，故選D。
32.B【精析】本題考查名詞語義辨析。sign標(biāo)志;choice選擇;law法律。根據(jù)文意，此處是說這個(gè)過程最重要的是需要不斷調(diào)整，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有the point is…“表示最重要的是…，關(guān)鍵是…”，故選B。
33.A【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組搭配。bring…into focus表示“使特別注意…，聚焦于…”，故選A。
34.D 【精析】本題考查上下文語義的銜接。第二段的第一、二句話中均出現(xiàn)了You，說明作者的寫作對(duì)象是閱讀此文章的人，故此題選D。
35.B【精析】本題考查名詞詞義辨析。practice練習(xí);progress進(jìn)步;performance表演。此處是說，“如果你想看其他的某個(gè)事物，這個(gè)選定目標(biāo)、調(diào)整設(shè)置的過程又開始了�！惫手挥衟rocess“過程”符合題意，故選B。
36.C【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。hesitate猶豫;mind介意;apologize道歉。根據(jù)文意，只有Don’t worry.“不用擔(dān)心�！狈仙舷挛奈囊�，故選C。
37.C【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。上一段舉出用望遠(yuǎn)鏡看東西的例子，這一段結(jié)合實(shí)際談?wù)摤F(xiàn)實(shí)生活中設(shè)立目標(biāo)，所以此處意為：如果你一開始不是確切地知道你想做的事情，不用擔(dān)心。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有do“做”符合句意，故選C。
38.C【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞組搭配。commit to…表示“承諾做…”，故選C。
39.B 【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。write寫;test測(cè)試;draw畫畫。這里是說就是挑一件事去做而已，所以四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有pick“挑選”最恰當(dāng)，故選B。
40.A【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。announce通知;imagine想象;warn警告。這里是說馬克·金士頓博士在書中提出建議，故suggest“建議”最合適，故選A。
41.A【精析】本題考查副詞的用法。文中意為“回頭看的目的是為了朝前看”，此處空格處的詞應(yīng)與前面的back“后面地”相對(duì)應(yīng)，故forward “朝前”符合題意，故選A。
42.C【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。read閱讀;correct改正;grade評(píng)級(jí)。文章應(yīng)該是說“畫出每次預(yù)約和要做事情的日期”，只有define有 “畫出”的意思，故選c。
43.C【精析】本題考查非限制性定語從句。where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾介詞短語on a scale of-3 to+3。其他的詞都不能起到這個(gè)作用，故選C。
44.C【精析】本題考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。wait等待;promise承諾;manage設(shè)法。此處意為“我有一整天的時(shí)間去做這件事，我不能再做一遍”，只有afford to do sth.“有能力做某事”，這里意為“有時(shí)間做…”，符合句意。故選C。
45.A【精析】本題考查連詞的用法。此處意為“一旦你確定了你做事的主題思想，你就會(huì)更好地集中注意力于你的夢(mèng)想”。所以選連詞once “一旦”，其他選項(xiàng)均不合句意，故選A。
第三部分閱讀理解
Part A
Text 1
參考譯文：
1997年，年齡均超過60歲的25名日本市民發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)Jeeba運(yùn)動(dòng)(Jeeba意為老年男性與女性)，生產(chǎn)適合于老年人使用的產(chǎn)品。當(dāng)他們編撰出公司的格言“老年人所有，老年人制造，為了老年人”時(shí)，他們知道自己正在創(chuàng)造歷史。他們不雇傭年輕人，公司里最年長(zhǎng)的員工年齡高達(dá)75歲。
不管是在日本還是全世界，由高齡者經(jīng)營的公司仍然為數(shù)不多。但是老年人口數(shù)量巨大。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)以后出生的人們，現(xiàn)在到了退休年齡，這些老年人更加健康、長(zhǎng)壽，他們?nèi)藬?shù)眾多，遍布世界各地。在出生率極低的那些發(fā)達(dá)國家，接替老年人工作的年輕人更少了。一個(gè)可能出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果現(xiàn)在變得清楚了：勞動(dòng)力日益縮減。
國際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的精簡(jiǎn)效應(yīng)正集中注意力于創(chuàng)造和維持好工作的需求上，這些擔(dān)心最終會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)日益缺少的年輕勞動(dòng)力的擔(dān)心。一個(gè)不可避免的解決方法是，讓老年人回歸工作，不管他們喜不喜歡。確實(shí)如此，像芬蘭和丹麥這樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國家，已經(jīng)延遲了退休年齡。其他一些國家正處在順應(yīng)潮流的高壓下，因?yàn)闅W盟委員會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織最近告誡其成員，他們未來的繁榮依賴于老年人的不斷奉獻(xiàn)。這些改變是否是好消息取決于工人們?cè)谕诵莸臅r(shí)候是懷著急切的還是恐懼的心情。據(jù)百能投資的一項(xiàng)新研究顯示，在美國，不論是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)需要還是生活方式的選擇，現(xiàn)在有一半處在工作年齡的美國人期待著能工作到70多歲。
與一直廣泛傳播的想法相反，幾乎沒有確鑿的證據(jù)表明，公司里高齡工作者增多會(huì)導(dǎo)致公司不再有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。在英國硬件連鎖企業(yè)B&Q里，位于曼徹斯特和�？怂姑┧沟摹案啐g者”商店比其一般商店多盈利18%，公司說部分原因是由于其少了6倍的員工流動(dòng)，少了60%的商店偷竊和商品損壞事件。
46.A【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，Jeeba是由日本的老年市民發(fā)起的運(yùn)動(dòng)，其目的和公司格言主要體現(xiàn)的是老年人這個(gè)特點(diǎn)。由此可知，Jeeba與傳統(tǒng)公司的主要區(qū)別就體現(xiàn)在員工的年齡上，故選A。
47.B【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第二段第四句話“Ex-tremely low birthrates in those same countries
mean there are far fewer young workers to take their place.”可以看出：在出生率極低的發(fā)達(dá)國家，接替退休老年人工作的年輕人的數(shù)量少得多。故選B。
48.B 【精析】推斷題。從文章第三段第一、二句話： “While the streamlining effects of international competition are focusing attention on the need to create and keep good jobs，those fears will even-tually give way to worries about the growing short-age of young workers.One unavoidable solution：puking older people back to work，whether they like it or not.”和最后一句話：“…their future prosperity depends on a growing contribution from the elderly.”可知，對(duì)創(chuàng)造和維持好工作需求的擔(dān)憂最終會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷?duì)日益缺少的年輕勞動(dòng)力的擔(dān)心，對(duì)此擔(dān)心的解決方法就是需要讓老年人回到工作崗位，公司未來的發(fā)展繁榮依賴于老年人的不斷貢獻(xiàn)。由此可推測(cè)，在當(dāng)前形勢(shì)下，公司面臨的嚴(yán)峻任務(wù)就是雇傭退休的員工，故選B。
49.D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句說像芬蘭和丹麥的發(fā)達(dá)經(jīng)濟(jì)國家，已經(jīng)延遲了退休年齡，最后一句繼而說公司的繁榮離不開老年人的貢獻(xiàn)，故選D。
5 0.A【精析】推斷題。從文章最后一段第二句話 “At British hardware chain B&Q.its‘elder worker’stores…were l8 percent more profitable than its regular outlets…”可知，B&Q的“高齡者”商店比其一般商店多盈利18%。由此可以推斷，公司雇傭高齡工作者并不會(huì)降低公司的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，故選A。
Text 2
參考譯文
下面就是我想要如何觀看2014年冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)。我想進(jìn)入一個(gè)網(wǎng)站觀看任何我想看的賽事，隨時(shí)都能看，什么樣的屏幕都能看。我很樂意付費(fèi)。
現(xiàn)在的技術(shù)可以讓它變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。但是在引進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)后將近20年的時(shí)間里，這仍是一個(gè)幻想。美國的廣播公司在美國黃金時(shí)間播出了溫哥華奧運(yùn)會(huì)后，才會(huì)將視頻放到其網(wǎng)站上。所以美國人會(huì)有這樣奇怪的經(jīng)歷，白天從新聞報(bào)道上 得知一些新奇的事件剛剛發(fā)生，然后不得不等到晚上播出時(shí)才能看到。
寫博客的人抱怨起來，但美國的廣播公司不會(huì)讓步。其調(diào)查顯示，像我這樣地想在線觀看奧運(yùn)會(huì)的人只代袁了觀眾總數(shù)的7%。另外一個(gè)更憂心的問題是：網(wǎng)絡(luò)不會(huì)收費(fèi)。廣告商仍然愿意斥巨資在電視的黃金時(shí)段播放他們的廣告。但是在網(wǎng)上播放?他們才不愿意付那么多錢。
因此美國的廣播公司沿用過去的老辦法。正如其所看到的一樣，在黃金時(shí)段播出的電視節(jié)目才是最重要的。更糟糕的是，美國的廣播公司已經(jīng)預(yù)計(jì)在2010年溫哥華冬奧會(huì)上將會(huì)損失2.5億美元。但愿這能夠勸服該公司在冒險(xiǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)項(xiàng)目上投資。
網(wǎng)絡(luò)執(zhí)行者容易受到指責(zé)。但是美國的廣播公司和與他們類似的公司只做有意義的事情。他們只是在向錢看。
這需要改變。是的，把奧運(yùn)會(huì)的報(bào)道放到網(wǎng)上去會(huì)讓一些黃金時(shí)段的觀眾流失，但我認(rèn)為，許多網(wǎng)上付費(fèi)的觀眾仍然會(huì)在黃金時(shí)段觀看電視節(jié)目。久而久之，網(wǎng)上訂閱費(fèi)有可能會(huì)變成龐大的收入來源。不應(yīng)該把網(wǎng)絡(luò)看作對(duì)電視黃金時(shí)段的威脅，電視臺(tái)應(yīng)該把網(wǎng)絡(luò)當(dāng)作一種銷售方式，可以把自己的產(chǎn)品更多地賣給那一小撮充滿激情的觀眾。
我希望到2014年，這一切都會(huì)改變。
51.B【精析】推斷題。由文章第二段第一、二句話 “The technology exists to make this happen to-day.Yet nearly two decades after the introduc-tion of the World Wide Web，this remains a fan-tasy.”可以看出，當(dāng)今的技術(shù)已經(jīng)發(fā)展到可以讓在線觀看奧運(yùn)會(huì)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)。然而，在引進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)后將近二十年當(dāng)中，這仍然是幻想。由此可推斷，觀眾不能在線觀看奧運(yùn)會(huì)的原因并不是技術(shù)方面的問題，而是不被允許， 奧運(yùn)會(huì)仍然是幻想，be denied to意為“…得不到的”，故選B。
52.D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第二段最后兩句“NBC，which broadcasted the Vancouver Olympics in the United States，wouldn’t put videos on its Web site until they had been shown on prime-time TV.”可知，美國的廣播公司會(huì)先在電視上播放溫哥華奧運(yùn)會(huì)，再把視頻放到網(wǎng)上去。由此可知，美國觀眾觀看溫哥華奧運(yùn)會(huì)最先是從電視上看到的，故選D。
53.C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第三段第一句話可知寫博客的人在抱怨，此段承接第二段，第二段說美國的廣播公司會(huì)先在電視的黃金時(shí)段播放奧運(yùn)會(huì)，再把其放到網(wǎng)上去，故得知寫博客的人抱怨的是美國的廣播公司推遲將奧運(yùn)會(huì)視頻放上網(wǎng)，故選C。
54.B【精析】推斷題。由第四段第一句“So NBC clings to the old way of doing things.”可知，美國的廣播公司會(huì)堅(jiān)守過去的老辦法，這與B選項(xiàng)意義一致，故選B。
55.A【精析】作者意圖題。由第六段最后一句話 “…the TV networks should see the Web as a way to sell even more of their product to a small but passionate subset of their audience.”可知，作者認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以幫助美國的廣播公司更多地出售他們的產(chǎn)品，更多地盈利，故選A。
Text 3
參考譯文
在繁忙的圣誕節(jié)來臨前，我們家一件重要的事情是，收到了女兒幼兒園的成績(jī)單。她在閱讀、詞匯和整體學(xué)習(xí)熱情方面得到高度評(píng)價(jià)。另一方面，我們了解到，她需要好好練習(xí)數(shù)字運(yùn)算和計(jì)算機(jī)操作，盡管女兒的老師準(zhǔn)備的這份手寫的詳細(xì)成績(jī)單上沒有出現(xiàn)任何可能顯示女兒消極學(xué)習(xí)的話語。一項(xiàng)計(jì)數(shù)法暗示了女兒在每一個(gè)學(xué)科的成績(jī)情況，雖然沒有任何通過或不及格的說明。
當(dāng)談到給小學(xué)生正常評(píng)級(jí)的好處的爭(zhēng)論時(shí)，所有這些似乎表明女兒的學(xué)校不倫不類。在一個(gè)層面上，優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)不言而喻。評(píng)級(jí)系統(tǒng)提供了一個(gè)直接的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以衡量你的孩子在學(xué)校的進(jìn)步情況，以及相對(duì)于其他孩子來說，自家孩子的表現(xiàn)情況。但正如蘇·弗格森作家寫的那樣“成績(jī)是可以欺騙人的”。目的應(yīng)該是“衡量學(xué)習(xí)情況，而不是簡(jiǎn)單地測(cè)試學(xué)生在考試時(shí)能記得多少東西。”這兩者并不一樣。如果作為一個(gè)成年人，你對(duì)此感到質(zhì)疑，那么你可以問問你自己，是否可以在不做任何準(zhǔn)備的情況下仍然通過那些高中階段的考試。
如果你足夠大了，你以前就經(jīng)歷過了這樣的辯論。曾經(jīng)有人一度認(rèn)為，在可以避免的情況下，讓孩子們置于彼此之間直接競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的環(huán)境中是不公平的。這個(gè)想法背后的意圖或許是好的，但它忽略了一個(gè)事實(shí)，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)和出類拔萃的愿望構(gòu)成了人類生存環(huán)境的核心部分。
現(xiàn)在，用不給成績(jī)的教育方法工作的教育家們?cè)趶?qiáng)調(diào)不同的原因。問題是，比起傳統(tǒng)的施加在孩子身上的“過或不過”體系，這個(gè)方法在我們成人工作中更普遍。許多工作采用常規(guī)的員工測(cè)評(píng)方法。在這些測(cè)評(píng)中，通常有嚴(yán)格的規(guī)定限制雇主可以告知雇員的內(nèi)容，即便如此，員工還是可以質(zhì)疑消極的測(cè)評(píng)結(jié)果。不管你是處在關(guān)于評(píng)級(jí)體系爭(zhēng)論的哪一方，真正的問題是：如果不給成績(jī)的方式對(duì)孩子來說有這么多好處，為什么對(duì)成年人來說卻并非如此呢?
56.D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由文章第一段第三句話“on the other hand，we learnt that she has work to do on her numbers and facility with the computer，though the detailed handwritten report her teach-ers prepared is absent of any words that might be interpreted as negative in describing her effort.”
可知，作者從成績(jī)單上面了解到女兒在數(shù)字和計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用能力方面仍有功課要做，言外之意便是女兒需要在這兩方面加強(qiáng)和提高，故D項(xiàng)符合文意。而根據(jù)第一段第二句話“She got high praise for her reading.vocabulary and over-all enthusiasm.”只能得知，作者從成績(jī)單上面了解到女兒在語言方面得到很高的評(píng)價(jià)，因此B選項(xiàng)表述與原文不符。其他兩項(xiàng)原文沒有涉及，故選D。
57.A【精析】推斷題。從文章的第一段來看，作者收到女兒學(xué)校的成績(jī)單，上面寫的全是表揚(yáng)的話，而作者自己知道，女兒在數(shù)字運(yùn)算等方面還需要學(xué)習(xí)，由此可推斷女兒學(xué)校只是努力從正面的角度贊揚(yáng)女兒在學(xué)校的表現(xiàn)，故選A。
58.B【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章第二段第五句“The aim should be‘to measure learning，not simply what a student can recall on a test’”可知蘇·弗格森對(duì)評(píng)級(jí)體系不滿意的原因是它強(qiáng)調(diào)測(cè)試學(xué)生的記憶能力，而非學(xué)習(xí)本身，故選B。
59.C【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文章第三段最后一句話“…but it ignored the fact that competition，and the will to come out on top，are essential components of the human condition.”可知，作者認(rèn)為讓孩子們遠(yuǎn)離競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是違反了人類生存本質(zhì)的，故選C。
60.B【精析】推斷題。題干意為“可以知道，贊成不給成績(jī)的教育方式的教育家堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為什么?”通過排除法，A項(xiàng)說允許孩子質(zhì)疑消極的測(cè)評(píng)結(jié)果，與原文不符，原文是作者拿成年人舉例，并提出疑問，為什么成年人不能用不評(píng)級(jí)的體系，故排除A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)說應(yīng)該建立嚴(yán)格的規(guī)章制度來測(cè)評(píng)學(xué)生，這個(gè)文章中更沒有提及，亦排除，故選B。
Part B
參考譯文
下面這段文字是5個(gè)人對(duì)一篇關(guān)于表揚(yáng)問題的文章的不同觀點(diǎn)。
麥克：
頻繁且真誠地表揚(yáng)，就是這么簡(jiǎn)單。雇員希望感受到被需要和賞識(shí)。通過用員工做的實(shí)際工作舉例來真誠地表揚(yáng)，你就離創(chuàng)造一個(gè)活力四射的團(tuán)隊(duì)不遠(yuǎn)了。同時(shí)，我不同意這樣一種說法“密切關(guān)注需要改進(jìn)的方面不是好的管理方法”。事實(shí)上，正是表揚(yáng)和有建設(shè)性的批評(píng)之間的平衡促使員工工作更有效率，取得更多的進(jìn)步。
弗蘭克：
這篇文章指出一個(gè)需要理解的有效觀點(diǎn)，特別是對(duì)我這新一代的工作者。我們不把自己視為放在黑暗角落里工作的機(jī)器的一部分。我這一代人需要從雇主那兒得到尊重作為回報(bào)，除了一份工資單，我們需要被賞識(shí)。這就是在 事業(yè)中感到充實(shí)和為工作而痛苦的區(qū)別。
喬伊斯：
在當(dāng)今就業(yè)市場(chǎng)缺失的一項(xiàng)技能是建立有效商業(yè)關(guān)系的能力。這個(gè)關(guān)系的核心是需要持續(xù)不斷的反饋�！拔易龅迷趺礃�?”是一個(gè)應(yīng)該不斷得到回答的問題。當(dāng)你一年之中僅有一次告訴一個(gè)員工應(yīng)該改進(jìn)的方面，你并沒有做 好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的本職工作——技能培訓(xùn)，提供反饋，幫助員工成長(zhǎng)和發(fā)展。
艾倫：
我認(rèn)為，當(dāng)員工應(yīng)得表揚(yáng)時(shí)去表揚(yáng)他沒有什么問題(不真誠的表揚(yáng)另當(dāng)別論)。這是個(gè)不用成本的“所得”，如果你表揚(yáng)了，員工便看到了自己的努力得到了關(guān)注和重視。在工作領(lǐng)域，總有人告訴你做錯(cuò)了什么事，但是幾乎沒人告訴你你做得很好!
戴安娜：
夸獎(jiǎng)員工所做的事。具體說明為什么其所做的事有幫助。經(jīng)常得到表揚(yáng)的員工同樣應(yīng)該受到關(guān)注，得到可以犒勞其所為的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。有意義的表揚(yáng)給人們的鼓勵(lì)超過任何其他的東西。書面形式的評(píng)價(jià)可以用于將來的回顧。這些評(píng)價(jià)給了他們“就這么做”的信心。我從不后悔表揚(yáng)了應(yīng)受表揚(yáng)的員工，但經(jīng)常責(zé)怪自己錯(cuò)過了表揚(yáng)的機(jī)會(huì)。
61.A【精析】主旨題。麥克認(rèn)為正是表揚(yáng)和有建設(shè)性的批評(píng)之間的平衡促進(jìn)了員工更有效率地工作，取得更多的進(jìn)步，故選A。
62.G【精析】主旨題。弗蘭克認(rèn)為，除了一份工資單，員工還需要被賞識(shí)，這是在事業(yè)中感到充實(shí)和為工作而痛苦的區(qū)別。意思與G項(xiàng)“對(duì)我來說，金錢本身不能保證事業(yè)充實(shí)的感覺”，故選G。
63.F【精析】主旨題。喬伊斯說，當(dāng)你一年之中僅有一次告訴一個(gè)員工應(yīng)該改進(jìn)的方面，你并沒有做好領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的本職工作，意思是說一個(gè)公司的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者應(yīng)該及時(shí)地向員工提供反饋，與F項(xiàng)“員工需要定期得到有用的建議”意思相符，故選F。
64.E【精析】主旨題。艾倫最后一句話“在工作領(lǐng)域，總有人告訴你做錯(cuò)了什么事，但是幾乎沒人告訴你你做得很好”與E項(xiàng)“我們表揚(yáng)他人時(shí)不夠慷慨”意思相符，故選E。
65.D【精析】細(xì)節(jié)題。戴安娜前面兩句話“夸獎(jiǎng)員工所做的事。具體說明為什么其所做的事有幫助”與D項(xiàng)“讓員工確切知道為什么他們受到表揚(yáng)”意思相符，故選D。
第四部分寫作
Part A
66.【高分范文】
Dear James,
I want to tell you a big news about me. I will be transferred to your city! I have been working in my com-pany for three years and would like to change my working environment for better personal development. The good thing is that there will be a branch company built in the
city you live in. I seized the chance and luckily I got pro-moted as a manager to work in your city.
I will be officially transferred to your city one month later. I need to get a decent-furnished house with two bedrooms, one living room, one bathroom and one kitchen. If it is convenient for you, please help me get such a house.
Thank you very much.Please let me know if you can.
Yours Sincerely,
Wang Lin
【寫作點(diǎn)金】
此篇屬應(yīng)用文文體，是給朋友寫一封求助郵件。首先應(yīng)該注意郵件的格式。其次要注意正文部分的寫作層次：文章的第一段說明寫信人求助的原因，因?yàn)楣ぷ髡{(diào)動(dòng)到對(duì)方城市，可以詳細(xì)解釋一下為什么調(diào)動(dòng)工作，第二段說明具體需要幫助的事情，語言要誠懇，盡量使用簡(jiǎn)短的句式把意思表達(dá)清楚。最后要注意感謝收信人可能提供的幫助，并表明希望得到回復(fù)。
【高頻詞句】
transfer to some place 轉(zhuǎn)到某地上班
The good thing is that… 有一個(gè)好消息是…
seize the chance to do sth. 抓住機(jī)會(huì)做某事
get promoted 得到升遷
help sb.do sth. 幫助某人做某事
Part B
67.【高分范文】
Be Independent
The picture describes that a young man is surfing the lnternet while his mother is so worried that she per-Suades him to get a job outside.
This picture reflects a problem that some youth who are old enough to earn their living would rather stay at home. Some even indulge in playing computer games all day long. I think, there' re two reasons. On the one hand, this man thinks his home is a perfect shelter to
protect him from the social pressures. On the other hand, he may have been spoiled severely.
In my opinion, the solution lies both in the young man and his parents. The young man should be instructed to be independent. The parents should stop their financial support and teach their son to earn his own living.
【寫作點(diǎn)金】
這是一篇看圖作文。首先要明確題目的要求：既要求描述圖片的內(nèi)容，分析造成年輕人現(xiàn)狀的原因，又要求給出解決問題的方法。其次在描述圖片中的情景或問題現(xiàn)狀時(shí)，要抓住要點(diǎn)，精確描述。另外在陳述自己解決問題的方法時(shí)，要注意分點(diǎn)列出，有條理，有說服力。
【高頻詞句】
be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
would rather do sth. 寧愿做某事
persuade sb.to do sth. 勸服某人做某事
surf the Internet 上網(wǎng)
be addicted to sth. 沉溺于某事
on the one hand…on the other hand… 一方面…另一方面…
lie in 在于
earn one’s own living 自食其力
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