公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)試題「附參考答案」

時(shí)間：2024-10-28 05:19:51 公共英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

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2017年公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)試題「附參考答案」

　　作為社會(huì)性考試，PETS不具有評(píng)價(jià)普通中學(xué)和大學(xué)校內(nèi)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)水平的功能。但是通過(guò)公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)的考生通過(guò)該級(jí)考試的考生，其英語(yǔ)水平基本符合一般專業(yè)技術(shù)人員或研究人員、現(xiàn)代企業(yè)經(jīng)理等工作對(duì)英語(yǔ)的要求。是用人單位對(duì)應(yīng)于的參考對(duì)象。下面是小編分享的公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解題，希望能對(duì)大家有所幫助!

2017年公共英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解練習(xí)試題「附參考答案」

　　公共英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題【1】

　　Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War Ⅱ，an American retailing analyst named Victor Lebow proclaimed, “Our enormously productive economy...demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into rituals, that we seek our spiritual satisfaction, our ego satisfaction, in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced and discarded at an ever increasing rate." ? Americans have responded to Lebow's call, and much of the world has followed. Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even embedded in social values. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economics-Japan and the United States-show consumerist definitions of success becoming ever more prevalent.? Overconsumption by the world's fortunate is an environmental problem unmatched in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their surging exploitation of resources threatens to exhaust or unalterably spoil forests, soils, water, air and climate.? Ironically, high consumption may be a mixed blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been sacrificed in the rush to riches.? Thus many in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow, that misled by a consumerist culture, they have been fruitlessly attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.? Of course, the opposite of overconsumption, poverty, is no solution to either environmental or human problems. It is infinitely worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Dispossessed (被剝奪得一無(wú)所有的) peasants slash, and burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民族) turn their herds out onto fragile African grassland, reducing it to desert.? If environmental destruction results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough .What level of consumption can the earth support ?When dose having more cease to add noticeably to human satisfaction?

　　1. The emergence of the affluent society after World War II .

　　A) led to the reform of the retailing system

　　B) resulted in the worship of consumerism

　　C )ve rise to the dominance of the new egoism

　　D) gave birth to a new generation of upper class consumers

　　2. Apart from enormous productivity, another important impetus to high consumption is

　　A) the people's desire for a rise in their living standards

　　B) the concept that one's success is measured by how much they consume

　　C) the imbalance that has existed between production and consumption

　　D) the conversion of the sale of goods into rituals

　　3. Why does the author say high consumption is a mixed blessing?

　　A) Because poverty still exists in an affluent society.

　　B) Because overconsumption won't last long due to unrestricted population growth.

　　C) Because traditional rituals are often neglected in the process of modernization.

　　D) Because moral values are sacrificed in pursuit of material satisfaction.

　　4. According to the passage, consumerist culture .

　　A) will not alleviate poverty in wealthy countries

　　B) will not aggravate environmental problems

　　C) cannot thrive on a fragile economy

　　D) cannot satisfy human spiritual needs

　　5. It can be inferred from the passage that .

　　A) human spiritual needs should match material affluence

　　B) whether high consumption should be encouraged is still an issue

　　C) how to keep consumption at a reasonable level remains a problem

　　D) there is never an end to satisfying people's material needs

　　參考答案：

　　BBDDC

　　公共英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題【2】

　　Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankind’s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the idea of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.

　　The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn’t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt’s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey’s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.

　　But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left — all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.

　　And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.

　　Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.

　　Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the costs and benefits of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams. But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific. It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don’t need a dam to be saved.

　　1. The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that ____.

　　A. people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality

　　B. the blind could be happier than the sighted

　　C. over-excited people tend to neglect vital things

　　D. fascination makes people lose their eyesight

　　2. In paragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to ____.

　　A. areas short of electricity B. dams without power stations

　　C. poor countries around India D. common people in the Narmada Dam area

　　3. What is the myth concerning giant dams?

　　A. They bring in more fertile soil. B. They help defend the country.

　　C. They strengthen international ties. D. They have universal control of the waters.

　　4. What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as ____.

　　A. “It’s no use crying over spilt milk” B. “More haste, less speed”

　　C. “Look before you leap” D. “He who laughs last laughs best”

　　參考答案

　　CDDC

　　公共英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題【3】

　　Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.

　　To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient.

　　Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat(棲息地)loss and to diminishing biodiversity.

　　What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions.

　　All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.thiswill require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage.

　　Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反兩方面)of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.

　　What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.

　　1. How do people often measure progress in agriculture?

　　A) By its productivity C) By its impact on the environment

　　B) By its sustainability D) By its contribution to economic growth

　　2. Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in________.

　　A) Localised pollution C) competition from overseas

　　B) the shrinking of farmland D) the decrease of biodiversity

　　3. What does the author think of traditional farming practices?

　　A) They have remained the same over the centuries B) They have not kept pace with population growth

　　C) They are not necessarily sustainable D) They are environmentally friendly

　　4. What will agriculture be like in the 21st century

　　A) It will go through radical changes B) It will supply more animal products