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六步搞定雅思閱讀長難句的方法
雅思閱讀長難句在雅思閱讀中過于常見，既然無法避免，就當一個直面它的勇士！沒有大量的練習是無法搞定長難句的，所以要做好打持久戰(zhàn)的心理準備。下面小編就為大家分享，六部搞定雅思閱讀長難句的方法，希望能夠幫助到您，謝謝您的閱讀。
雅思閱讀長難句解析：
英語的基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)其實很簡單：主謂賓和主系表。主謂賓是“誰-做-什么”，例如：比如“羊吃草”;“潔白可愛的小綿羊蹦蹦跳跳歡快活潑地在一望無垠的廣闊草原上幸福愉快地吃著鮮嫩碧綠的青草”一樣也是主謂賓，只不過多了一些修飾的詞，句子的核心意思還是“羊吃草”。主系表是“誰-是-什么”，同主謂賓一樣。在閱讀中我們要很快的找出核心句子，不出國考雅思有用嗎不用每句話的意思都懂，但要知道這句話要表達的核心意思，即找到主謂賓或主系表的主體。
針對這兩種句式結(jié)構(gòu)抓主干，即把復雜的長難句轉(zhuǎn)化成簡單的句子。
主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)：尋找謂語動詞
主系表結(jié)構(gòu)：尋找系動詞
也就是說，無論哪種句式，我們都要在心里默念尋找動詞這個原則，以模糊匹配的方式來對應(yīng)最有意義的那個動詞，進而確認動詞之前的主語和動詞之后的賓語或表語。
雅思閱讀考試，一個句子之所以能夠拉長，除了在一個簡單句中加上許多修飾成分之外，還有可能是長出了枝干—也就是加了從句，或者是由連詞和平衡結(jié)構(gòu)把若干簡單句合并在了一起。雅思長難句最頻繁出現(xiàn)的情況包括如下幾種：
定語從句：that, which(介詞+which), who,…...
狀語從句：v+ing
尋找平衡結(jié)構(gòu)：三大連詞 and/or/but，not only…...but also…...
not…...but…...
no more/longer/less …than
as…...as
not so …...as…...
還有一種特殊主系表值得單獨說一說：
There be句型：尋找中心詞
雅思閱讀練習這個句型之所以特殊，是因為系動詞和表語都已經(jīng)以倒裝的形式給出來了，欠缺的只是一個主語中心詞而已，因此我們看到了there be開頭的句子，一定先集中精力尋找到那個中心點。此外，這個句子是一些同學在雅思作文考場上易犯錯誤的地方。在時間緊迫的壓力下，可能會有同學不自覺地受到了中文思維的影響，寫出諸如“There are many people do something.”此類的句子，如果在模擬考試的時候發(fā)現(xiàn)自己曾經(jīng)犯過這類筆誤，建議大家在考場上給自己留出1、2分鐘的檢查時間來。不出國考雅思有用嗎查方法也很簡單，把there be兩個詞遮住，如果剩下的部分還能讀出一個完整的句子來，則原本的句子必定是有問題的，可以迅速把there be這兩個詞擦掉。
除了be動詞外，還有一些there be形式的變體：
There come/comes/came
There appear/appears/appeared
There emerge/emerges/emerged
There may/might be
There can/could be
There happen to be
There used to be
There is/are going to be
一、找出下列句子的主語和謂語
1Studying English takes times.
2.The first step is always the hardest.
3.Chatting on the Internet brings me a lot of fun.
4.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
5.A poor man is not necessarily unhappy.
6.A good knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.
7.Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass.
8.Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success.
9.The early bird catches the worm.
10.The novel won the author a Nobel Prize.
P.S. 準確找到謂語動詞之后， 請仔細觀察主語部分的語法形式和修飾成分位置。
二、確定句子結(jié)構(gòu)
1.Time flies by. (思考by的詞性)
2.It slipped my mind.(感受動詞時態(tài))
3.I can’t stand the heat. (理解stand的意思)
4.Fools seldom differ. (確定seldom修飾哪個詞)
5.I sent you an e-mail. (雙賓還是賓補)
6.It costs me three dollars. (雙賓還是賓補)
7.Old habits die hard. (hard修飾關(guān)系，位置)
8.You can leave the door open. (雙賓還是賓補)
9.He speaks English well. (well修飾關(guān)系，位置)
10.Teachers will make your English better.(better修飾關(guān)系，原形，雙賓還是賓補)
11.They elected George W. Bush US President. (雙賓還是賓補)
12.The novel won the author a Nobel Prize. (雙賓還是賓補)
13.That will save you lot of time. (雙賓還是賓補)
P.S. 雙賓和賓補結(jié)構(gòu)的確定有一定的難度，一定在簡單句中做好區(qū)分，才能在長句中準確捕捉。
三、翻譯句子
1.They found the dead boy.
2.They found the boy dead.
3.I found the book easily.
4.I found the book easy.
5.Tom found Jim an apartment.
6.We found John a loyal friend.
7.I will find you a good teacher.
8.I find you a good teacher.
9.She will make him a good husband.
10.She will make him a good wife.
P.S.根據(jù)修飾關(guān)系，句子結(jié)構(gòu)，翻譯相近句子才能更明確句子細節(jié)，不會誤判。
四、 判斷語法現(xiàn)象
分析判斷劃線部分內(nèi)容的語法功能，增強閱讀語法意識
1.The education of our young people is one of the most important aspects of any community, and ideas about what and how to teach reflect the accepted attitudes and unspoken beliefs of society.
2.They are the San, a tribe of traditional hunter-gatherers, who used to travel in search of food for their families instead of growing it or keeping animals.
3.This means that instead of using artificial chemicals to make food tasty, food manufacturers could use help the quantity of the real substance and a tiny quantity of taste enhancer to make the food taste good.
4.Ask any young person to tell you the names of some famous movies and the chances are that many of those mentioned will be popular because of computer-generated special effects.
5.Visitors can view the albatross colony from a special building which has been established beside the nesting ground and, while the site is closed during breeding season, at other times it is often possible to see parents and their chicks living and feeding only metres away from human observers.
6.The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.
7.The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.
8.The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.
9.Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.
10.The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial "peepshow" format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater.
五、終極目標預檢
第一步：劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找句子主干
第二步：確定修飾詞，修飾短語或修飾從句的修飾關(guān)系
第三步：確定代詞指代對象
1.Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts.
2.According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting.
3.The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered.
4.They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet’s revolution around the sun.
5.That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).
6.It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.
7.The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales by moving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing.
8.What audiences came to see was the technological marvel of the movies; the lifelike reproduction of the commonplace motion of trains, of waves striking the shore, and of people walking in the street; and the magic made possible by trick photography and the manipulation of the camera.
9.People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other peoples motives.
10.The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered.
11.The cinema did not emerge as a form of mass consumption until its technology evolved from the initial "peepshow" format to the point where images were projected on a screen in a darkened theater.
12.Those individuals who possess characteristics that provide them with an advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and contribute their genes to the next generation.
13.Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant.
14.Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.
15.Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts."
16.It would therefore not be too great an exaggeration to say that practitioners of the fine arts work to overcome the limitations of their materials, whereas those engaged in the applied arts work in concert with their materials.
17.During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.
18.The increasing use of dried animal waste as a substitute fuel has also hurt the soil because this valuable soil conditioner and source of plant nutrients is no longer being returned to the land.
19.He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several.
六、句子翻譯
完成以上5個階段，基本上可以清楚地按照英語思維理解閱讀句子。翻譯以下句子，盡可能翻譯成“通順的”漢語。
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
拓展：雅思閱讀技巧和方法
一、 一攬眾山法
適用人群：英語詞匯量大，平時經(jīng)常閱讀英語文章或瀏覽英語網(wǎng)站，語法基礎(chǔ)扎實，短期記憶力強，對自己的英語能力非常有信心的考生。
操作方法：拿到閱讀試卷后瀏覽文章標題，然后選定一篇文章開始做題。選定文章后先閱讀所有的題目，即13-14道題目，把每一道題目的關(guān)鍵詞劃出來并進行短期記憶。(注：關(guān)鍵詞包括定位詞和考點，定位詞多以名詞為主，考點則多以謂語動詞和形容詞副詞為主)重點記憶一些定位性強的名詞�？赐觐}目之后去看文章，從頭開始看，按文章的順序和段落去理解，邊看邊回憶之前記憶中的定位詞，看到了就用筆做一個記號。注意在看的過程中是要以理解文章為主，不要過多的去想題目的內(nèi)容，主要是看懂文章。看完以后再去看題目，根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容去做題。如果有文章的內(nèi)容記不清，就可以利用之前讀文章時劃出的定位詞再回原文看一下然后確定答案。
優(yōu)點：節(jié)省時間，做題速度快
缺陷：挑戰(zhàn)考生英語能力和記憶力，并不適用于大部分考生，主要針對一些立志閱讀考8分以上的考生。
二、 各個擊破法
適用人群：英語基礎(chǔ)不是非常好，詞匯量缺乏，文章對其來說基本看不太懂的考生。
操作方法：拿到閱讀試卷后瀏覽文章標題，然后選定一篇文章開始做題。但是選擇的時候要注意題材的熟悉度，可以挑選自己相對還比較熟悉的題材先做。選定后就開始審題。審題則是按照題型來看。首選是填空題和判斷題，其次是選擇和配對題。例如說文章后題型搭配為判斷題+選擇題+填空題，那么先審判斷題這一部分題目，一題一題做，根據(jù)判斷題的做題方法去做，而且可以利用順序性去看文章找答案。做完判斷題以后再做填空題，利用填空題的標題或第一句話中的名詞去做定位，然后用填空題的做題方法去把填空題做完。最后去做選擇題，因為選擇題對于文章的理解要求比較高，對于程度不太好的考生來說會比較難做。
優(yōu)點：能盡量保證填空題的正確率，在能得分的題目中保證得分。對于基礎(chǔ)不是很好的考生來說是一個既能保證正確率又能相對節(jié)約時間的方法
缺陷：時間花費比較多，而且會多次重復閱讀文章。
三、 融會貫通法
適用人群：有一定的英語詞匯量，并參加過培訓班，掌握了基礎(chǔ)語法知識。
操作方法：拿到閱讀試卷后瀏覽文章標題和文章后的題型，選擇自己最熟悉的話題或者有自己最擅長的題型的那篇文章。然后瀏覽一下題型，確定下題型關(guān)注的先后順序，也是先填空判斷，后配對選擇。但這種先后并不是絕對的，而是交替的，也就是在重點做填空判斷之前已經(jīng)將判斷選擇的定位詞和關(guān)鍵詞劃出并記憶，然后在做填空判斷時順帶這看看有沒有出現(xiàn)配對題和選擇題的定位詞出現(xiàn)。如果程度稍好的同學則可以看一段文章，把這段文章中涉及到的各種題型的題目都完成，一段一段解決問題。但是用這種方法的時候要注意時間的把握。
優(yōu)點：可以相對合理的安排時間去做題，也能保證容易做的題型的正確率。
缺陷：需要考生能隨機應(yīng)變，對不同的題型搭配要有合理的時間分配，可能會造成審題或看文章內(nèi)容的混亂。
雅思閱讀文章的長度為800-1000字，題材內(nèi)容涉及到很多專業(yè)的學科，包括社會科學和自然科學等多種題材，其題型與傳統(tǒng)的閱讀考試只有選擇題這種情況也不一樣，所以不同的題型會有不同的做題方法。再加上雅思閱讀考試的時間只有一個小時，文章有三篇，因此從時間上來看，既要把文章看懂，又能把題目看完做完，是非常緊張的，很多考生都在考后曾抱怨過時間來不及。上面提到的三種方式的幾個方面和優(yōu)缺點，考生應(yīng)該結(jié)合自己的英語程度和實際情況，來選擇適合自己的方法。同時也要經(jīng)過一段時間的練習，才能在考場上發(fā)揮出色。
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