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雅思英語(yǔ)材料帶翻譯
雅思考試分為兩種類(lèi)型，分別是學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)(A類(lèi))和培訓(xùn)類(lèi)(G類(lèi))。學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)雅思考試評(píng)估考生的英語(yǔ)水平是否滿(mǎn)足申請(qǐng)本科及研究生及以上學(xué)位的要求，適合準(zhǔn)備出國(guó)留學(xué)的同學(xué)。為了幫助大家備考雅思，小編分享了一些英語(yǔ)閱讀材料，歡迎閱讀!
動(dòng)物的適應(yīng)能力
Adaptations are the special features that help an animal live and survive in certain places or habitats. There are three kinds of animal adaptations: Behavioral, Physical, and Life Cycle.
適應(yīng)能力可以使動(dòng)物在特定環(huán)境或棲息地生活。動(dòng)物適應(yīng)能力可分為三種：行為，外形和生命周期。
A behavioral adaptation is something an organism does, a behavior it performs to help it survive. A common animal adaptation is migration, when animals travel to a different place so it can find food and survive. Migration usually takes place in the winter.
行為適應(yīng)是指某一有機(jī)體采取的用于幫助它生存的行為。常見(jiàn)的是動(dòng)物遷徙。動(dòng)物遷徙到一個(gè)不同的地方從而找到食物進(jìn)而生存。遷徙通常發(fā)生在冬季。
Sounds animals make for different reasons are behavioral adaptations. Bird calls are an example. It is a behavior the bird does to communicate to other birds. A lion humming is a behavior a lion does when it is content. They grunt when they move from one area to another. Female lions roar to protect the young, and male lions roar to display strength. Roaring is also a method of communication.
不同的情況下動(dòng)物發(fā)出不同的聲音。鳥(niǎo)叫就是一個(gè)例子。它是鳥(niǎo)傳將信息達(dá)給其他鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的一種行為。當(dāng)獅子感到滿(mǎn)足的時(shí)候會(huì)發(fā)出哼哼聲。當(dāng)它們從一個(gè)區(qū)域移動(dòng)到另一個(gè)區(qū)域時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)出咕嚕聲。母獅子通過(guò)咆哮來(lái)保護(hù)幼師，而雄獅怒吼以顯示實(shí)力。咆哮也是一種溝通方法。
The movements animals make are behavioral adaptations. Bats are nocturnal animals, so flying is very tiring for them during the day. It is easier for them to fly at night when it is cooler. Raccoons like to come out only at night, too, and are not seen very often. There are less predators at night.
動(dòng)物的活動(dòng)也是行為適應(yīng)。蝙蝠是夜行性動(dòng)物，所以白天的飛行是對(duì)它們而言非常疲勞。涼爽的夜間飛行對(duì)它們來(lái)說(shuō)更加適宜。浣熊喜歡晚上活動(dòng)，所以我們也不常見(jiàn)到它們。并且，晚上的天敵更少。
The interactions between animals can also be behavioral adaptations. The honey bee dance is a behavioral adaptation that attracts a honey bee to its mate. Honey bees also learn from other bees how to pollinate flowers and collect honey. The dance helps communicate information about food to other bees. A monkey removing parasites from another monkey's head is an example of an interaction.
動(dòng)物之間的互動(dòng)也可以看作行為適應(yīng)。蜜蜂跳舞是吸引其它蜜蜂的一種行為適應(yīng)。蜜蜂也通過(guò)舞蹈向其他蜜蜂學(xué)習(xí)如何授粉和采集蜂蜜。舞蹈有助于將食品的信息傳遞給其他蜜蜂。猴子將另一只猴子的頭部的寄生蟲(chóng)取出也是是一個(gè)互動(dòng)的例子。
A physical adaptation is a physical part of an organism that helps it survive. The fur on a bear is an example, because it is part of the bear's body structure and helps keep it warm during cold weather.
外形適應(yīng)是有機(jī)體外形幫助它生存。熊的皮毛就是一個(gè)例子。熊皮作為熊身體結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分，有助于其在寒冷的天氣里保持體溫。
The beak of a bird and the blue jay's color are both part of their bodies, helping them to survive. The ostrich has many thick feathers helping the ostrich look bigger to scare away predators. The ostrich also has a large mouth it uses to fight predators like cheetahs.
冠藍(lán)鴉如同鳥(niǎo)一般的喙和其顏色是幫助它們生存的兩個(gè)組成部分。鴕鳥(niǎo)有許多豐厚的羽毛厚使其看起來(lái)更大從而嚇跑掠食者。鴕鳥(niǎo)也有一個(gè)大嘴巴用來(lái)與獵豹之類(lèi)的捕食者搏擊。
Prairie dogs have many adaptations like sharp claws to help it dig their burrows. They have sharp hearing so they can hear if a predator is coming. Prairie Dogs have whiskers that they use for balance so when they walk they won't fall over. The thick, dense coats of a sloth help keep them dry during the rainy season. They also have very sharp teeth to help defend themselves. Many fish have color patterns that help them blend in with their environment. This may allow the fish to avoid being seen by a predator.
土撥鼠有很多此類(lèi)的外形的適應(yīng)，比如鋒利的爪子用來(lái)挖洞穴。它們有敏銳的聽(tīng)力，使它們能聽(tīng)到捕食者靠近的聲音。草原土撥鼠的胡須還能讓它們?cè)谛凶叩臅r(shí)候保持平衡而不至于摔倒。樹(shù)懶厚而緊實(shí)的皮膚讓它們?cè)谟昙镜臅r(shí)候保持干燥。它們也有非常鋒利的牙齒以保護(hù)自己。許多魚(yú)類(lèi)有彩色紋路用來(lái)幫助它們與所處環(huán)境融為一體。這可能讓魚(yú)避免被捕食者看見(jiàn)。
A life cycle adaptation is a process an animal goes through to help it survive. Before becoming a frog, the tadpole first hatched from an egg, which was laid by an adult frog. Atlantic salmon spend their early phase in rivers before traveling or migrating to sea to grow and mature. To complete their life cycle they must return to their river of origin to release new eggs. Butterflies go through four stages of life. They start out as eggs, change into a caterpillar, then a pupa, and finally an adult butterfly. All are examples of life cycle adaptations.
動(dòng)物經(jīng)過(guò)生命周期適應(yīng)的過(guò)程以幫助其生存。成為一只青蛙之前，蝌蚪首先從由成年青蛙產(chǎn)下的卵孵化而成。大西洋鮭魚(yú)在游到海洋成長(zhǎng)之前是河流度過(guò)生命初期。為了完成其生命周期，它們必須返回母親河產(chǎn)卵。蝴蝶的生命經(jīng)歷四個(gè)階段。它們開(kāi)始是蟲(chóng)卵，變化成毛毛蟲(chóng)，然后蛹，最后一個(gè)成年的蝴蝶。這些都是生命周期適應(yīng)的例子。
In summary, whether it is a physical, behavioral, or life cycle adaptation, the environment an animal lives usually has an effect on the adaptation. All of the adaptations help an animal survive, scare off predators, or communicating with others.
無(wú)論是外形的，行為，或生命周期的適應(yīng)，動(dòng)物生存的壞境影響其適應(yīng)。所有適應(yīng)都有助動(dòng)物生存，嚇跑掠食者，或與同物種進(jìn)行溝通。
呼吸系統(tǒng)
The respiratory system of the human body is responsible for the distribution of the air inhaled and exhaled throughout a person's life. The respiratory system includes the nose, throat, voice box, wind pipe, and lungs.
人體的呼吸系統(tǒng)負(fù)責(zé)人一生吸入和呼出空氣的氣體交換。呼吸系統(tǒng)包括鼻、喉嚨、喉頭、氣管和肺。
Each time a person inhales, or breathes in air, several kinds of gases enter the body. The most important is oxygen because it keeps a person alive, and the cells of the body need it for energy and growth. The air enters through the nose and mouth and the lungs fill up and then empty out. When the air is inhaled there are tiny hairs in the nose called cilia that filter the air. The air is also warmed and moistened as it travels through the nose. Cilia also protects other parts of the respiratory passages, filtering out dust and other particles.
每次人體吸入空氣，會(huì)有幾種氣體的進(jìn)入人體。最重要的是氧氣，因?yàn)樗侨说纳嫘枰鯕猓⑶胰梭w細(xì)胞需要氧氣用于制造能量和生長(zhǎng)�？諝馔ㄟ^(guò)鼻子和嘴進(jìn)入，填滿(mǎn)肺部，然后排空。當(dāng)空氣被吸入時(shí)，鼻子內(nèi)的纖毛過(guò)濾空氣。鼻腔同樣也溫潤(rùn)了吸入的空氣。而且鼻毛還過(guò)濾掉了吸入的灰塵和其他顆粒。
The inhaled air travels through the windpipe, which is called the trachea. The human body contains two lungs. The lungs are pink, mushy, and like a sponge. The lungs are protected by the rib cage and keeps them protected and safe. The lung on the left side of the body is smaller than the right lung, which allows room for a person's heart. Beneath the lungs is a muscle called the diaphragm. It works with the lungs to allow a person to inhale and exhale. When a person breathes in the diaphragm shrinks and levels out as the lungs fill up with air.
吸入的空氣穿過(guò)氣管。人體有兩葉肺。肺是粉紅色的糊狀體，像海綿一樣。肺部由肋籠保護(hù)。人體左側(cè)的肺比右肺更小，因?yàn)樽髠?cè)的心臟同樣需要空間。肺的下部是膈肌。它與肺部協(xié)同工作使人體進(jìn)行吸氣和呼氣。當(dāng)一個(gè)人的吸氣，膈肌收縮，肺部充滿(mǎn)空氣。
The end of the trachea is located between the two lungs. At the bottom of the trachea are a couple of large tubes called bronchi. The bronchi lead into the lungs. One tube sends air into the left lung, and the other tube sends air into the right lung.
氣管的尾部在兩肺之間。在氣管的底部有幾個(gè)大的管道成為支氣管。支氣管與肺部直接相連。一個(gè)支氣管使空氣進(jìn)入左肺和另一支氣管使空氣進(jìn)入右肺。
Once the air travels through the bronchi, it will branch off into smaller tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles are about the thickness of a hair, and there are about 30,000 in each lung. From the bronchioles the air then continues its journey to tiny air sacs located throughout the lungs. The tiny air sacs are called alveoli.
空氣進(jìn)入支氣管后，它將岔開(kāi)成更小的細(xì)支氣管。細(xì)支氣管約為與頭發(fā)粗細(xì)相當(dāng)，每個(gè)肺約有30,000個(gè)細(xì)支氣管。進(jìn)入細(xì)支氣管空氣再繼續(xù)穿過(guò)遍布肺部的微小氣囊。而微小氣囊被稱(chēng)為肺泡。
The 600 million alveoli are covered with very tiny blood vessels called capillaries. It is in this area of the lungs between the alveoli and capillaries the exchange of air takes place. Alveoli allow the air to pass into the blood cells of the body, first traveling through the heart carried by red blood cells. The oxygen enters the blood through the tiny capillaries. The heart then takes the blood filled with oxygen and sends it out to all the cells of the body.
6億個(gè)肺泡上都覆蓋著非常微小的血管稱(chēng)為毛細(xì)血管。肺泡與肺泡之間以及毛細(xì)血管之間發(fā)生的便是肺部的空氣交換。肺泡讓空氣進(jìn)入人體血細(xì)胞，首先就是通過(guò)紅血細(xì)胞將空氣運(yùn)送到心臟。氧氣通過(guò)毛細(xì)血管進(jìn)入血液。然后心臟吸收充滿(mǎn)氧氣的血液并將其運(yùn)輸?shù)降缴眢w的所有細(xì)胞中。
When a person exhales or breathes out everything will happen in reverse. The diaphragm relaxes and the lungs become smaller. The cells in the body have received the oxygen it needs, but carbon dioxide must leave the body. This time, wastes enter the alveoli through the capillaries, back through the bronchioles and bronchi, and then the trachea and out through the nose and mouth. The air is warm because it heats up as it travels through the body.
當(dāng)一個(gè)人呼氣或吐氣則一切相反。隔膜松弛，肺部變小。體內(nèi)的細(xì)胞已接收其所需的氧氣，但二氧化碳必須排出身體。此時(shí)，廢物通過(guò)毛細(xì)血管進(jìn)入肺泡，并回到細(xì)支氣管和支氣管，然后通過(guò)氣管、鼻子和嘴排除。呼出的空氣因?yàn)榇┻^(guò)體內(nèi)而變得溫暖。
Finally, the lungs are also important for talking. The larynx is located above the trachea, which is often called the voice box. Vocal cords across the larynx open and close, and then vibrate, to create the sounds as air flows between them. The amount of air exhaled determines the loudness of a sound.
最后，肺部對(duì)于發(fā)聲也很重要。喉位于氣管，這一部分也被稱(chēng)為喉頭。喉頭的開(kāi)合以及聲帶的振動(dòng)使得其間的空氣以及人體發(fā)聲。呼出的空氣的量決定了聲音的響度。
In summary, there are many parts of the respiratory system working together to distribute oxygen throughout the body, as well as the lungs being necessary for a person's ability to talk. It is important to keep the lungs healthy and strong.
呼吸系統(tǒng)是許多器官協(xié)同作用將氧氣分散到身體的各個(gè)部分，而肺也是一個(gè)人發(fā)聲的重要器官。保證肺部的健康和強(qiáng)大是非常重要的。