GMAT閱讀的三大解題原則

　　引導語：下面是小編整理的GMAT閱讀的三大解題原則，希望對大家有幫助。

　　原則之一：文章結構須清晰，段落用意要明了

　　認識文章結構和明晰段落用意是理解文章的一個先決條件，那么我們該如何去對文章的結構進行把握呢?GMAT閱讀文章的類型不外乎立論型和駁論型兩類，而立論型的文章又可分為現象解析型和問題解決型，駁論文章就是我們非常熟悉的觀點評價型文章。了解這一點以后，我們也就非常容易對任何一篇GMAT閱讀文章的結構進行把握，譬如，現象解析型的文章，文章中會給出某一現象，然后針對這種現象進行分析，闡述，并最終得出一種觀點。下面我們?yōu)榭忌�截取了一個文章例子。

　　But since the mid-1970‘s, a different strategy has emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers. Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent.

　　What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? First, more women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. Also, the women‘s movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive attitude toward unions. The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector clerical workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst—the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because there are far more women in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women‘s issues.

　　上文中，作者先闡述一個現象：Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. 然后在下一段中，以一個問句開頭“What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers?”從這里我們可以一眼看出本文的一個重要結構，那就是作者提出現象，并緊接著使用提問方式過渡到下文對這一現象進行分析和闡述，請注意，作者在分析的過程使用了，很多過渡轉折詞，譬如First, consequently, also, thereby等等。在第二段中，我們可以通過末尾句推斷出作者的觀點即：由于白領職業(yè)女性的增加，女性職員比例在各行業(yè)的增加引發(fā)了行業(yè)職業(yè)的轉移，同時也導致了工會決策在解決婦女(權益)問題方面對女性更加有利。

　　原則之二：判斷作者之態(tài)度，語氣詞匯不可少

　　既然GMAT閱讀為議論文，那么每一篇文章都會至少提供一個到兩個作者的`觀點，作者往往會通過語氣詞讓讀者明白和理解其觀點。因此考生在閱讀時，應重點注意那些作為判斷作者態(tài)度的語氣詞匯，必要時可在紙張上記錄下這些關鍵詞匯。一般而言，作者的態(tài)度分為兩種，一種是表正面的態(tài)度，一種是表負面的態(tài)度。

　　1、表正面：

　　Charlie‘s thorough research provides convincing scientific evidence for the existence of ……

　　For many years, Benjamin‘s seminal account of the participation of African-Americans in the American Revolution has remained the standard work in the field……

　　Roger Rosenblatt‘s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies……

　　2、表負面：

　　The manner in which evidence is presented to a jury may influence the jury either to overestimate or to underestimate the value of that evidence…..

　　Wherever the crime novels of P. D. James are discussed by critics, there is a tendency on the one hand to exaggerate her merits……

　　Because they emphasize those aspects that accord with their learned experiences and ignore those aspects that are dissonant with their view of the world……

　　They overestimated the importance of middle class and white-collar unemployment…….

　　往往作者在闡述某個觀點時，采用先揚后抑或著說是欲擒故縱的手法，這時候作者就會使用一些讓步詞來實現其論述目的。這種讓步詞通常包括：do, may, might等等。考生需要注意的是在文章經常會使用改變語氣詞的手段來蒙蔽你的理解思路，一般而言，作者通常不會使用兩種模棱兩可，相互矛盾的觀點。

　　原則之三：文章主旨為關鍵，以主題(TS)領全篇

　　任何一篇GMAT文章不管看上去多么支離破碎，都會有一個引領全篇的思路，在這里我所講的文章思路也就是文章主旨，通常文章會給出TS(主題句)作為讀者領會文章的線索，TS可以作為文章的明線，而有時候作者又會在文章中穿插暗線。領悟文章主旨會讓考生在解題時輕松自如。

　　As the economic role of multinational, global corporations expands, the international economic environment will be shaped increasingly not by governments or international institutions, but by the interaction between governments and global corporations, especially in the United States, Europe, and Japan. A significant factor in this shifting world economy is the trend toward regional trading blocs of nations, which has a potentially large effect on the evolution of the world trading system. Two examples of this trend are the United States-Canada Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Europe 1992, the move by the European Community (EC) to dismantle impediments to the free flow of goods, services, capital, and labor among member states by the end of 1992. However, although numerous political and economic factors were operative in launching the move to integrate the EC‘s markets, concern about protectionism within the EC does not appear to have been a major consideration. This is in sharp contrast to the FTA; the overwhelming reason for that bilateral initiative was fear of increasing United States protectionism. Nonetheless, although markedly different in origin and nature, both regional developments are highly significant in that they will foster integration in the two largest and richest markets of the world, as well as provoke questions about the future direction of the world trading system.

　　上述文章第一句話開宗明義，統(tǒng)領全篇：隨著全球跨國大企業(yè)經濟角色的不斷擴大，國際經濟環(huán)境將日益不受各個國家政府或國際機構的影響，而是將不斷受到來自政府間和跨國企業(yè)間的互動影響。作者緊接著通過對全球兩大市場——北美市場(北美自由貿易協定)和歐洲市場(歐盟協議)——進行比較分析，得出兩大地區(qū)盡管在某些方面差異巨大，但兩個地區(qū)的區(qū)域經濟發(fā)展顯的極為重要，作者緊接著提出兩點理由：一，兩者在兩個市場內將會推進市場體系的一體化;二，經濟的一體化將關系到有關世貿制度的未來方向。

　　在實際閱讀時，為了提升閱讀的速度，建議考生應避開那些無關緊要的舉例，只要考生在GMAT閱讀中將上述三原則使用得當，其他一些細支末節(jié)也就迎刃而解，閱讀文章時如能能根據以上三原則抓住文章的核心，這就意味著基本突破了閱讀的瓶頸。

　　總結：小編相信只要大家努力復習就一定能夠順利通過考試，加油呀!

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