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職稱英語考試?yán)砉真題
在社會的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，我們最熟悉的就是試題了，試題可以幫助主辦方了解考生某方面的知識或技能狀況。一份好的試題都具備什么特點(diǎn)呢？下面是小編幫大家整理的職稱英語考試?yán)砉真題，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)
1、The weather last summer was awful.
A bad
B fair
C dry
D hot
2、The law carries a penalty of up to three years in prison.
A message
B guilt
C obligation
D punishment
3、My piano playing has improved significantly since I had a new teacher.
A definitely
B generally
C certainly
D greatly
4、There is a need for radical changes in education.
A revolutionary
B long-term
C short-term
D systematic
5、It frustrates me that I’m not able to put any of my ideas into practice.
A discourages
B shows
C surprises
D frightens
6、I realized to my horror that I had forgotten the present.
A limit
B fear
C power
D fool
7、He tried to assemble his thoughts.
A gather
B clear
C share
D spare
9、The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.
A hide
B handle
C disclose
D establish
10、Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy.
A way
B factor
C objective
D source
11、He said some harsh words about his brother.
A proper
B unkind
C normal
D unclear
12、Under the terms of the contract, you must give 3 months’ notice before you leave.
A subjects
B expressions
C words
D rules
13、Don’t tempt thieves by leaving valuables clearly visible.
A alarm
B catch
C spot
D attract
14、 When did you first encounter these difficulties?
A create
B present
C experience
D resolve
15、We need to identify the potential problems.
A possible
B main
C immediate
D common
第二部分：閱讀判斷
ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased risk of attention problems，seen as early as grade school , if their moms inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. Thats the finding of a new study. Released when things arent burned completely, this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggest sources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia Universitys Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects childrens health. In a new study , she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放) PAHs into the air and lungs, Pereras team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查) other sources of PAHs, ones that would have been hard for an individual to avoid.
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a womans blood would also be available to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in these children, now age 9. They asked each childs mother a series of questions. These included whether her child had problems doing things that needed sustained(長期的) mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent, careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children has ADHD.
Among the women studied, traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others had high levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
16. Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in harming the subjects physical health.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking on PAHs was unclear.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
19. The blood of each women was tested once a month during pregnancy.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
20. Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely to have kids with ADHD
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources of PAHs for the subjects in the research.
A. Right
B. Wrong
C. Not mentioned
第三部分：概況大意與完成句子
New research lights the way to super-fast computers
1)New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.
2)The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.
3)Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are used to send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signalsonce they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing.
4)"The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information around a computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data," said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.
5)"This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as pn-junction devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector - something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds."
6)The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.
概括大意：
23
【題干】Paragraph 2 _____
A.Expectation of the discovery
B.the problem of current computers
C.A new finding
D.The purpose of the research
E.Public reaction to the discovery
F.The use of the new material
24
【題干】Paragraph 3 _____
A.Expectation of the discovery
B.the problem of current computers
C.A new finding
D.The purpose of the research
E.Public reaction to the discovery
F.The use of the new material
25
【題干】Paragraph 4 _____
A.Expectation of the discovery
B.the problem of current computers
C.A new finding
D.The purpose of the research
E.Public reaction to the discovery
F.The use of the new material
26
【題干】Paragraph 5 _____
A.Expectation of the discovery
B.the problem of current computers
C.A new finding
D.The purpose of the research
E.Public reaction to the discovery
F.The use of the new material
完成句子：
27.
【題干】The result of the research can help computers to increase _____
A.optical information
B.processing speeds
C.electrons
D.positive charges
E.data technologies
F.all-optical systems
28.
【題干】Current computers transfer information using _____
【選項(xiàng)】
A.optical information
B.processing speeds
C.electrons
D.positive charges
E.data technologies
F.all-optical systems
29.
【題干】The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function _____
A.optical information
B.processing speeds
C.electrons
D.positive charges
E.data technologies
F.all-optical systems
30.
【題干】Glass is used in the research to carry and process _____
A.optical information
B.processing speeds
C.electrons
D.positive charges
E.data technologies
F.all-optical systems
第四部分：閱讀理解
篇一：Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?
When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.
Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under the canopy(樹冠)of taller indigenous(土生土長的)trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can be planted if there aren’t any trees. With increased production come increased profits.
Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest and hide from predators(捕食者)in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.
Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.
Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and "bird friendly." Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But were paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think its worth it.
31.【題干】What is the main idea of this passage? 文章的主旨是
A.Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee. 農(nóng)民正改變他們種咖啡的方式
B.Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce. 種植咖啡越來越貴
C.Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee. 蔽光生長的咖啡比向光生長的咖啡貴
D.People should buy shade-grown coffee. 人們應(yīng)該買蔽光生長的咖啡
32.【題干】The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show_____. 段落2中的traditionally 作用是來顯示
A.the positive effects of coffee. 咖啡的積極作用
B.a change of coffee growth. 咖啡種植的變化
C.something that is the most important. 最重要的事情
D.how coffee production used to be. 咖啡生產(chǎn)過去如何
33.【題干】What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?
【選項(xiàng)】陽光充足的咖啡增加的產(chǎn)量帶來什么?
A.More insects.更多的昆蟲
B.Better quality coffee.質(zhì)量更好的咖啡
C.Larger farms. 更大的農(nóng)場
D.Higher profits. 更高利潤
34.【題干】How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?
【選項(xiàng)】農(nóng)民如何找更多的土地來種植陽光充足的咖啡
A.They buy more land from other farmers.
B.They cut down trees.
C.They move to another country.
D.They turn grassland into farmland.
35.【題干】The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_____ full sun 方式可能影響以下....
A.insects.昆蟲
B.air.空氣
C.brids.鳥
D.humans人類
篇二：Soot(煤煙灰)and Snow: a Hot Combination
New reasearch from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot after the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.
Soot in the higher latitudes(維度)of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the suns energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.
Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increase, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface."This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier." said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.
Hansen found soots effect on snow albedo(反照率), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinninbg Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.
"Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heading the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon, " Hansen said. Soots increased absorption of solar energy is especially effecntive in warming the worlds climate." This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude." Hansen noted.
Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to bi the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.
The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hermisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.
36.【題干】Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true?
A.It absorbs suns heat.
B.It is responsible for climate change.
C.It reflects sunlight.
D.It may account for a quarter of global warming over the past century.
37.【題干】Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect?
A.Ice sea areas.
B.Areas with black carbon.
C.Areas covered with white snow.
D.Melting glaciers.
38.【題干】"This forcing" in Paragraph 5 refers to?
A.suns heating on snow surface.
B.soots increased absorption of solar energy.
C.carbon-dioxides warming effect.
D.snows increased reflection of sunlight.
39.【題干】What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century?
A.Soot.
B.Snow.
C.Greenhouse gases.
D.Wind.
40.【題干】The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with
A.X sea ice and insufficient sunlight.
B.light snow cover and sufficient sunlight.
C.heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.
D.thick sea ice and insufficient sunlight.
篇三：A record-breaking power
A Record-Breaking Rover
NASA’s Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before—at least in terms of distance. Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles, more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another&nnbsp;world.
On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart-sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder—a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973.
“This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designed for distance,” says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager.
He works at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. “But what is really importantly is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance.”
OPPORTUNITY
The solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars 10 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life，such as the possible presence of water.
Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2010, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.
During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. It has also provided scientists with data on the planet’s atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.
MARATHON ROVER
The rover doesn’t seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.
Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Mars’s ancient environment1. Opportunity’s continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.
第五部分：補(bǔ)全短文
Explore Jordan
Wadi Rum is the name given to a valley cut into the sandstone and hard rock in southwest Jordan. _______________46 The name Rum most likely comes from an Aramaic word meaning “high” or “elevated”, The area around Wadi Rum is now also one of Jordan’s most important tourist destinations, and attracts an increasing number of foreign tourists, particularly trekkers(越野者)，but also for camel safaris(旅行) or simply day-trippers from Aqaba or Petra. In contrast, there are almost no local or Arab tourists through nearby disi attracts young people from Amman at the weekends.
Popular activities in the desert environment include camping under the stars, riding Arab horses, and rock-climbing amongst the massive rock formations. Jebal Rum (Jebal means mountain) is 1,574 metres above sea level. ___________47
But Jordan is not simply a desert environment-----it also contains the area which is the lowest point to the face of the Earth----the incredible Dead Sea, popular with tourists for swimming. _______48 Once the waters reach the Dead Sea they are landlocked and have nowhere to go, so they evaporate, leaving behind a dense, rich cocktail(混合的) of salts and minerals that supply industry, agriculture and medicine with some of its finest products. Once again, tourists benefit and can participate in water spa treatments and water therapies.
The Dead Sea is located in the syro-African Rift, a 4,000-mile fault line in the Earth’s crust. The lowest point of dry land on Earth is the shoreline of the Dead Sea at 1,300 feet below sea level. Because the lake is at the lowest point, this means that water does not drain from it. ______49 Figures for the Dead Sea’s salinity(鹽度) today range from 25% to 35%.
But the greatest tourist attraction is the incredible city of Petra.______50 It is a vast unique city, carved into the sheer rock face by the Nabataeans, an industrious Arab people who settled here more than 2,000 years ago, turing it into an important junction for the silk, spice and other trade routes that linked China India and southern Arabia with Egypt, Syria, Greece and Rome. Today, visitors can marvel at the architecture and explore life as it was thousands of years ago.
A、It is the largest wadi (riverbed) in Jordan.
B、It is the second highest peak in Jordan, rising directly above the Rum valley opposite Jebal Urn Ishrin.
C、This vast stretch of water receives a number of incoming rivers, including the River Jordan.
D、The area has been used as a background setting in a number of films.
E、Every day seven million tons of water evaporate from the lake, but the minerals remain causing the salt content to increase.
F、It is without doubt Jordan’s most valuable treasure.
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