及時采購的應(yīng)用研究提綱
摘 要
市場競爭持續(xù)不斷、產(chǎn)品技術(shù)的差異不斷縮小、集成度不斷提高，是整個市場現(xiàn)狀的真實寫照。隨著產(chǎn)品生命周期的縮短、定單變化的起伏加大以及產(chǎn)品交貨期的壓力倍增，元器件采購和成品銷售這一頭一尾，已成為電子制造企業(yè)發(fā)展與生存的關(guān)鍵。而作為采購管理與采購行為的基礎(chǔ)，采購分析的重要性更是日益突出。及時采購就是一種實用，又很理想的采購方式；供應(yīng)鏈管理則已成為企業(yè)加強(qiáng)物流管理，提升核心競爭力的必然選擇。那么，在這樣的背景下，如何更有效地實現(xiàn)及時采購，實現(xiàn)采購管理的創(chuàng)新，就成為我國大多數(shù)企業(yè)采購管理工作面臨的一個重要課題. 本文在對及時采購的基本概念和思想進(jìn)行分析之后，列出了以下幾點及時采購的目的，1．消除不必要的工作2．與供應(yīng)商建立新型伙伴關(guān)系，在這里，對JIT生產(chǎn)方式與傳統(tǒng)生產(chǎn)方式下以表格的形式對供應(yīng)商的進(jìn)行了比較3．消除廠內(nèi)原材料庫存，以海爾公司的采購體系為例，對此進(jìn)行了說明4．提高品質(zhì)和信任度，這樣才能保持長期及時獲得數(shù)量充足、品質(zhì)優(yōu)良的物料。歸納了它的特點和優(yōu)點，并討論了它的實現(xiàn)意義。及時采購對于供應(yīng)鏈管理思想的貫徹實施有重要的意義。供應(yīng)鏈環(huán)境下的采購模式和傳統(tǒng)的采購模式的不同之處，在于采用訂單驅(qū)動的方式。訂單驅(qū)動使供應(yīng)與需求雙方都圍繞著訂單而運(yùn)作，也就實現(xiàn)了準(zhǔn)時化、同步化運(yùn)作。要實果沒有及時采購方法，供應(yīng)鏈企業(yè)很難適應(yīng)這種多變的市場需求，因此，JIT采購增加了供應(yīng)鏈的柔性和敏捷性，在此，還指明了在 供應(yīng)鏈管理下JIT訂單采購模式的優(yōu)點: ①供應(yīng)商同采購方建立了戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系，雙方基于以前簽訂的長期協(xié)議進(jìn)行訂單的下達(dá)和跟蹤，不需要進(jìn)行再次詢價報價的過程。 ②在同步供應(yīng)鏈計劃的協(xié)調(diào)下，制造計劃、采購計劃、供應(yīng)計劃能夠同步進(jìn)行，縮短了用戶響應(yīng)時間。 ③采購物資直接進(jìn)入制造部門，減少了采購部門的庫存占用和相關(guān)費(fèi)用。 ④進(jìn)行了企業(yè)和供應(yīng)商之間的外部協(xié)同，提高了供應(yīng)商的應(yīng)變能力。在文章的最后，系統(tǒng)的對供應(yīng)鏈管理下的JIT訂單采購模式進(jìn)行了研究和分析。
關(guān)鍵詞：及時采購；企業(yè)；物資；供應(yīng)商
Abstract
As we know，incessant market competition，，the reduction of production technology difference and continuity in proving integration measurement have been the ture portraiture of the all market. Purchasing parts of apparatus and selling finished product have become the key of subsistence and development of electric manufacture corporation along with the reduction of production’s lifecycle，the wave of order of goods’ change and the increase of press of delivery time. stocking analyses ，the base of stocking management and stocking act ，becomes more and more important.
JIT purchasing is an not only practicality but also perfect purchasing measure.Acommodate-chain –management has turn into the choice of necessity to strengthen logistics management and enhance kernel competition power. So，in such background ，how to carry out JIT purchasing，to realize the innovation of purchasing management has become to an important problem that majority enterprise to be face with.
Hereinafter list several points about purpose of JIT purchasing at the base of analyze of basic concept and idea of J
JIT stocking has important meaning to accommodate chain management thinking and seeing out.
The difference of stocking between accommodate chain environment and traditional environment rests with the drive measure of the order for goods
Order form drive sends supply side and demand side both to carry out
Surrounding the form so as to make on time and synchronization come true .
To realize synchronization ，we must make sure stocking measure is on the side .when stocking department bring a order form ，suppliers immediately begin to prepare goods. At the same time the stocking department works out detailed stocking plan as well as the making department prepare to produce. When stocking department offer a particular plan to the supplier，the supplier could quickly hand the material to consumers in short time.
When cnsumers’demand changes ， making- order forms drive stocking –order forms change. It is difficult for accommodate chain enterprise to adapt the multivariate market demand with such a speed change if without JIT stocking measure. so JIT stocking improve flexibility and agility of the accommodate chain. besides， the merits of JIT stocking mode under accommodate chain management are showed:
1. Suppliers do not need to ask or quote price any longer because they have set up stratagem cooperate fellowship. both sides making the order form known to lower level and running after the order form base on the long-term agreement they entered to before.
2. making plan，stocking plan and accommodating plan could carry out curiously under the compatibility of the synchronization accommodate chain plan ，cutting the respond time of consumers，
3. Stocking material directly bowing in making department leads the reduction of storage and interrelated fare.
4. The suppiers’strain-force improves through the exterior cooperation between the enterprises and accommodates side.
In the end of the article ， study and analyze the JIT-order –form stocking mode under the accommodate chain management systemically
Key words: Just-in-time Purchasing; Enterprise; Goods and materials; Supplier
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