試述會(huì)計(jì)在外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的定位
畢業(yè)論文
試述會(huì)計(jì)在外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的定位
摘要:會(huì)計(jì)在不同行業(yè)有不同的處理方式,雖然會(huì)計(jì)的國(guó)際化趨勢(shì)日益增強(qiáng),但在國(guó)際化進(jìn)程中,我們要尊重會(huì)計(jì)的特殊性。本文從外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的涵義、特殊性、重要性出發(fā),分析外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)闡述新時(shí)期外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)出現(xiàn)的新情況:它的環(huán)境競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇,如:外貿(mào)發(fā)展進(jìn)入新階段,會(huì)計(jì)服務(wù)業(yè)受到?jīng)_擊等等。入世后,我國(guó)的外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境發(fā)生了顯著的變化。在發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則國(guó)際化道路頗具坎坷,反傾銷(xiāo)會(huì)計(jì)的需求加劇,會(huì)計(jì)人員的業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)跟不上時(shí)代的步伐,再是,會(huì)計(jì)的可持續(xù)研究需要增強(qiáng)。本文基于分析與綜合,對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)進(jìn)行在外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的新定位:1、加快外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)與國(guó)際的接軌;2、以立法形式建立健全會(huì)計(jì)信息的披露制度;3、加強(qiáng)會(huì)計(jì)隊(duì)伍及建設(shè);4、加強(qiáng)新理論研究。希望這些能有利于會(huì)計(jì)的發(fā)展和外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮。
關(guān)鍵字: 會(huì)計(jì) 外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì) 定位
On the localization of accounting in foreign trade economy
Abstract: The accounting has different treatment ways in different trades. Though the accountings internationalized trend is strengthened day by day, in the internationalized process, we want to respect the accountings particularity . This text proceeds from meaning , particularity , importance of the foreign trade accounting , and analyses the characteristic of the foreign trade accounting , then explains the new situation that the foreign trade accounting appears of new period at the same time . Its environmental competition is aggravating , for instance: Foreign trade development enters the new stage, the accounting service trade is assaulted etc.. After entering the WTO, the economic environment of foreign trade of our country has changed remarkably. In the course of development, the road to internationalization of accounting criteria comes to be frustrating, and the anti-dumping accountings demand is aggravating .What’s more ,professional qualifications of accounting personnel can’t catch up with the paces of times, and the study about accounting sustain needs to strengthen . This text is from analyzing and synthesizing, to the new localization which the accounting goes on in foreign trade economy: First, accelerate the integrating of foreign trade accounting and world; Second, establish and improve system of disclosure of accounting information in legislative forms ; Third, strengthen the construction of accounting team; Fourth, strengthen the new theoretical research .Hope these can be favorable to the accountings development and prosperity of foreign trade economy.
Key words: Accounting Foreign trade economy Localization
目錄
引言………………………………………………............................................…………………1
1、外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的概述………………………………………………...............................................2
(1)外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的涵義
(2)外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的特殊性
(3)外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的重要性
2、 新時(shí)期外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)出現(xiàn)的新情況……………………………………………………………2
(1)外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的環(huán)境競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇
(2)外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀
3、會(huì)計(jì)在外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的新定位………………………………….……………………………5
(1)加快外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)與國(guó)際的接軌
(2)以立法形式建立健全會(huì)計(jì)信息的披露制度
(3)加強(qiáng)會(huì)計(jì)隊(duì)伍建設(shè)
(4)加強(qiáng)會(huì)計(jì)理論研究
結(jié)束語(yǔ)………………………………………………………………………………………..…8
參考文獻(xiàn)……………………………………………………………………………………9
引言
當(dāng)今國(guó)際形勢(shì)較之以往已有了巨大的變化 ,全球化與經(jīng)濟(jì)合作日益增強(qiáng),我國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)也處于迅速發(fā)展中,2005年《財(cái)富》論壇的在京舉行進(jìn)1步體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位發(fā)生的變化。自2001年我國(guó)加入世貿(mào)組織,外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)在我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的地位和作用越來(lái)越顯得舉止輕重、不可替代了,同時(shí),會(huì)計(jì)的`重新定位日漸迫切。在貿(mào)易全球化的驅(qū)動(dòng)下,本文將側(cè)重會(huì)計(jì)在外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的定位進(jìn)行分析。
會(huì)計(jì)所起的作用在任何行業(yè)、也任何領(lǐng)域都不能忽視,在國(guó)際環(huán)境、外貿(mào)環(huán)境及外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)需求變化的情況下,我們必須進(jìn)1步分析會(huì)計(jì)本身在外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)中存在的問(wèn)題與優(yōu)勢(shì),對(duì)會(huì)計(jì)在未來(lái)的發(fā)展中所處的位置與所應(yīng)做的調(diào)整進(jìn)行研究,以便更好地促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。
1、外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的概述
(1)外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的涵義
不同的領(lǐng)域或者行業(yè)、企業(yè)它們的會(huì)計(jì)都存在特殊性,我們應(yīng)區(qū)別對(duì)待。1個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)同其他的國(guó)家或地區(qū)進(jìn)行商品交換的活動(dòng),稱(chēng)為對(duì)外貿(mào)易。外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)是對(duì)外貿(mào)易會(huì)計(jì)的簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng),是指以貨幣作為主要計(jì)量單位,對(duì)外貿(mào)企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)信息通過(guò)收集、加工,提供以會(huì)計(jì)信息為主的經(jīng)濟(jì)信息,并為取得最佳經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行控制、分析、預(yù)測(cè)和決策的1種經(jīng)濟(jì)管理活動(dòng)。它屬于行業(yè)會(huì)計(jì),是會(huì)計(jì)的原理與方法在對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中的具體運(yùn)用和發(fā)展。我國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)是由各種類(lèi)型的外貿(mào)企業(yè)所承擔(dān),外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)實(shí)質(zhì)上就是外貿(mào)企業(yè)會(huì)計(jì),各外貿(mào)企業(yè)則是外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的主體。
(2)外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的特殊性
外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)是由它的對(duì)象,即對(duì)外貿(mào)易經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中資金運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)所決定的。
⑴外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)具有商業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)。外貿(mào)企業(yè)與商業(yè)企業(yè)1樣,同屬商品流通領(lǐng)域。它們的經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)是組織商品流通,它們的經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)主要是圍繞商品購(gòu)進(jìn)、商品儲(chǔ)存、商品銷(xiāo)售這3個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行。商品流通企業(yè)沒(méi)有生產(chǎn)階段,因此,它主要圍繞商品購(gòu)、銷(xiāo)、存經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)節(jié),設(shè)置賬戶(hù),進(jìn)行核算,而無(wú)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的賬戶(hù)與核算,表現(xiàn)出商業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)。
⑵外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)又具有不同于商業(yè)會(huì)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)。這主要是由外貿(mào)企業(yè)資金運(yùn)動(dòng)與商業(yè)企業(yè)有不同點(diǎn)所決定的。外貿(mào)企業(yè)在組織商品流通過(guò)程中,要面對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外兩個(gè)市場(chǎng),采用國(guó)內(nèi)國(guó)際兩種價(jià)格,使用人民幣與外匯兩種貨幣,在進(jìn)出口業(yè)務(wù)資金周轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)程中都要使用兩種價(jià)格、兩種貨幣進(jìn)行計(jì)價(jià)核算,因而表現(xiàn)出外貿(mào)資金運(yùn)動(dòng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)務(wù)與商業(yè)企業(yè)的不同特點(diǎn)。它需要采用復(fù)式計(jì)賬,需要反映匯兌的損益,核算出口退稅。
(3)外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)的重要性
外貿(mào)會(huì)計(jì)是外貿(mào)經(jīng)營(yíng)管理的重要組成部分,它
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