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操作系統(tǒng)課程設(shè)計報告模擬進程調(diào)度程序(一)
此設(shè)計報告是對操作系統(tǒng)中進程調(diào)度的兩種算法，即靜態(tài)優(yōu)先權(quán)調(diào)度算法和需要時間片的轉(zhuǎn)法進行了描述，并分析了它們的工作機理。
最高優(yōu)先權(quán)調(diào)度算法的基本思想是把CPU分配給就緒隊列中優(yōu)先權(quán)最高的進程。靜態(tài)優(yōu)先數(shù)是在創(chuàng)建進程時確定的，并在整個進程運行期間不再改變。
簡單輪轉(zhuǎn)法的基本思想是：所有就緒進程按 FCFS排成一個隊列，總是把處理機分配給隊首的進程，各進程占用CPU的時間片相同。如果運行進程用完它的時間片后還未完成，就把它送回到就緒隊列的末尾，把處理機重新分配給隊首的進程，直至所有的進程運行完畢。
然后用具體語言模擬了一個進程調(diào)度的程序。用戶可以自己輸入產(chǎn)生進程，然后選擇調(diào)度方式進行調(diào)度。所用的語言為VisualBasic.Net，結(jié)果顯示了調(diào)度運行過程。
問題描述和分析 ……………………………………………… 4
算法設(shè)計 …………………………………………………… 5
源代碼及說明 ………………………………………………… 5
結(jié)果與分析 ………………………………………………………17
參考文獻……………………………………………………… 18
一、問題描述和分析
問題描述
CPU調(diào)度是多道程序操作系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)，幾乎所有計算機資源在使用前都要被調(diào)度，因此，CPU調(diào)度對于操作系統(tǒng)來說非常重要。
假如操作系統(tǒng)中存在若干進程，這些進程，將會被按照指定的調(diào)度方式，由CPU進行調(diào)度。
本程序，用來模擬實現(xiàn)操作系統(tǒng)中的兩種調(diào)度方法，即：優(yōu)先權(quán)調(diào)度和輪轉(zhuǎn)法調(diào)度。
下面對四種調(diào)度方法進行描述
優(yōu)先權(quán)調(diào)度（priority-scheduling algorithm）：在這種方式下，每一個進程都有一個優(yōu)先權(quán)與其關(guān)聯(lián)，具有最高優(yōu)先權(quán)的進程會被分配到CPU，具有相同優(yōu)先權(quán)的進程按FCFS順序調(diào)度。
輪轉(zhuǎn)法（round-robin）：這種調(diào)度方式是專門為分時系統(tǒng)而設(shè)計的。它類似于FCFS調(diào)度，但是增加了搶占以在進程是。定義一個較小時間單元，稱為時間量或時間片。時間片通常為10ms到100ms。為每個進程分配不超過一個時間片間隔的CPU。
分析
根據(jù)描述確定解決方法。本程序利用VisualBasic.Net語言實現(xiàn)。首先定義一個進程的類，包括進程名、達到時間、服務(wù)時間、優(yōu)先權(quán)。再定義一個調(diào)度類，用以實現(xiàn)調(diào)度算法。
最后在主程序中，用戶可選擇兩種調(diào)度算法,確定問題的類型。
二、算法設(shè)計
主要設(shè)計思想
在主程序中，通過選擇結(jié)構(gòu)，調(diào)用兩種調(diào)度算法。
各種調(diào)度算法實現(xiàn)
首先建立一個進程類, 然后建立一個調(diào)度類，通過這個類來執(zhí)行調(diào)度算法。再建立一個鏈表，用來存放這些進程。
優(yōu)先權(quán)調(diào)度：在優(yōu)先權(quán)調(diào)度中，每產(chǎn)生一個進程，程序會記錄進程的優(yōu)先權(quán)，然后按產(chǎn)生的先后順序插入。當當前進程結(jié)束時，程序從鏈表中取出一個優(yōu)先權(quán)最高的進程執(zhí)行。
輪轉(zhuǎn)法調(diào)度：由用戶定義一個時間片。在每個時間片中，程序執(zhí)行一個進程。當時間片結(jié)束后，程序?qū)⒔Y(jié)束當前執(zhí)行的進程，從鏈表中調(diào)入下一個進程，并將當前執(zhí)行的進程插入到鏈表尾部。整個鏈表相當于一個循環(huán)隊列。
三、源代碼及說明
1優(yōu)先級調(diào)度算法源代碼
Dim a As Integer
Dim b As Integer
Dim c As Integer
Dim d As Integer
Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick
If Label7.Width < 200 Then
Label7.Visible = True
Label7.Width += 10
Label17.Visible = True
Label16.Visible = False
Label18.Visible = False
Else
Label17.Visible = False
Label18.Visible = False
Label16.Visible = True
a = 6
End If
If a < b And a < c And a < d Then
Timer1.Enabled = True
End If
If b < a And b < c And b < d Then
Timer2.Enabled = True
End If
If c < a And c < b And c < d Then
Timer3.Enabled = True
End If
If d < a And d < b And d < c Then
Timer4.Enabled = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Timer2_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer2.Tick
If Label8.Width < 200 Then
Label8.Visible = True
Label8.Width += 10
Label20.Visible = True
Label19.Visible = False
Label21.Visible = False
Else
Label20.Visible = False
Label21.Visible = False
Label19.Visible = True
b = 7
End If
If a < b And a < c And a < d Then
Timer1.Enabled = True
End If
If b < a And b < c And b < d Then
Timer2.Enabled = True
End If
If c < a And c < b And c < d Then
Timer3.Enabled = True
End If
If d < a And d < b And d < c Then
Timer4.Enabled = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Timer3_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer3.Tick
If Label9.Width < 200 Then
Label9.Visible = True
Label9.Width += 10
Label23.Visible = True
Label22.Visible = False
Label24.Visible = False
Else
Label23.Visible = False
Label24.Visible = False
Label22.Visible = True
c = 8
End If
If a < b And a < c And a < d Then
Timer1.Enabled = True
End If
If b < a And b < c And b < d Then
Timer2.Enabled = True
End If
If c < a And c < b And c < d Then
Timer3.Enabled = True
End If
If d < a And d < b And d < c Then
Timer4.Enabled = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Timer4_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer4.Tick
If Label10.Width < 200 Then
Label10.Visible = True
Label10.Width += 10
Label26.Visible = True
Label25.Visible = False
Label27.Visible = False
Else
Label26.Visible = False
Label27.Visible = False
Label25.Visible = True
d = 9
End If
If a < b And a < c And a < d Then
Timer1.Enabled = True
End If
If b < a And b < c And b < d Then
Timer2.Enabled = True
End If
If c < a And c < b And c < d Then
Timer3.Enabled =True
End If
If d < a And d < b And d < c Then
Timer4.Enabled = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click
Me.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
a = TextBox1.Text
b = TextBox2.Text
c = TextBox3.Text
d = TextBox4.Text
If a < b And a < c And a < d Then
Timer1.Enabled = True
End If
If b < a And b < c And b < d Then
Timer2.Enabled = True
End If
If c < a And c < b And c < d Then
Timer3.Enabled = True
End If
If d < a And d < b And d < c Then
Timer4.Enabled = True
End If
TextBox1.Enabled = False
TextBox2.Enabled = False
TextBox3.Enabled = False
TextBox4.Enabled = False
Button1.Enabled = False
Button2.Enabled = True
Label18.Visible = True
Label21.Visible = True
Label24.Visible = True
Label27.Visible = True
End Sub
End Class
2輪轉(zhuǎn)法調(diào)度源代碼
'
Dim a As Integer
Dim b As Integer
Dim c As Integer
Dim d As Integer
Private Sub Button2_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button2.Click
Me.Close()
End Sub
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
a = TextBox1.Text
b = TextBox2.Text
c = TextBox3.Text
d = TextBox4.Text
If a > 0 And b > 0 And c > 0 And d > 0 Then
Timer1.Enabled() = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Timer1_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer1.Tick
Dim i As Integer
i = a - Label7.Width
If i < 20 Then
Label7.Width = Label7.Width + i
Label18.Visible = False
Label17.Visible = False
Label16.Visible = True
Timer1.Enabled = False
Timer2.Enabled = True
End If
If Label7.Width < a Then
Label7.Width = Label7.Width + 10
Label18.Visible = True
Label17.Visible = False
Label16.Visible = False
Timer1.Enabled = False
Timer2.Enabled = True
Else
Label18.Visible = False
Label17.Visible = False
Label16.Visible = True
Timer1.Enabled = False
Timer2.Enabled = True
End If
If Label8.Width >= b Then
Label21.Visible = False
Label20.Visible = False
Label19.Visible = True
Else
Label21.Visible = False
Label20.Visible = True
Label19.Visible = False
End If
If Label7.Width < a And Label8.Width >= b And Label9.Width >= c And Label10.Width >= d Then
Label18.Visible = False
Label17.Visible = True
Label16.Visible = False
ElseIf Label29.Width = a Then
Label18.Visible = False
Label17.Visible = False
Label16.Visible = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Timer2_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer2.Tick
Dim i As Integer
i = b - Label8.Width
If i < 20 Then
Label8.Width += i
Label21.Visible = False
Label20.Visible = False
Label19.Visible = True
Timer2.Enabled = False
Timer3.Enabled = True
End If
If Label8.Width < b Then
Label8.Width += 10
Label21.Visible = True
Label20.Visible = False
Label19.Visible = False
Timer2.Enabled = False
Timer3.Enabled = True
Else
Label21.Visible = False
Label20.Visible = False
Label19.Visible = True
Timer2.Enabled = False
Timer3.Enabled = True
End If
If Label9.Width >= c Then
Label24.Visible = False
Label23.Visible = False
Label22.Visible = True
Else
Label24.Visible = False
Label23.Visible = True
Label22.Visible = False
End If
If Label8.Width < b And Label7.Width >= a And Label9.Width >= c And Label10.Width >= d Then
Label21.Visible = False
Label20.Visible = True
Label19.Visible = False
ElseIf Label8.Width = b Then
Label21.Visible = False
Label20.Visible = False
Label19.Visible = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Timer3_Tick(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Timer3.Tick
Dim i As Integer
i = c - Label9.Width
If i < 20 Then
Label9.Width += i
Label24.Visible = False
Label23.Visible = False
Label22.Visible = True
Timer3.Enabled = False
Timer4.Enabled = True
End If
If Label9.Width < c Then
Label9.Width += 10
Label24.Visible = True
Label23.Visible = False
Label22.Visible = False
Timer3.Enabled = False
Timer4.Enabled = True
Else
&nbnbsp; Label27.Visible = True
Label26.Visible = False
Label25.Visible = False
Timer4.Enabled = False
Timer1.Enabled = True
Else
Label27.Visible = False
Label26.Visible = False
Label25.Visible = True
Timer4.Enabled = False
Timer1.Enabled = True
End If
If Label7.Width >= a Then
Label18.Visible = False
Label17.Visible = False
Label16.Visible = True
Else
Label18.Visible = False
Label17.Visible = True
Label16.Visible = False
End If
If Label10.Width < d And Label7.Width >= a And Label8.Width >= b And Label9.Width >= c Then
Label27.Visible = False
Label26.Visible = True
Label25.Visible = False
ElseIf Label10.Width = d Then
Label27.Visible = False
Label26.Visible = False
Label25.Visible = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Form5_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
End Sub
End Class
四、結(jié)果與討論
1優(yōu)先權(quán)調(diào)度算法結(jié)果圖
2 輪轉(zhuǎn)法的程序結(jié)果圖
5.結(jié)果分析：
經(jīng)選擇調(diào)度算法后，每種調(diào)度算法都能成功地執(zhí)行。所以，本次課程設(shè)計成功。 五、參考文獻
1、《Windows操作系統(tǒng)原理》 陳向群等著 機械工業(yè)出版社
2、《VisualBasic.Net程序設(shè)計》馮博琴 崔舒寧著 清華大學(xué)出版社
3、《操作系統(tǒng) 原理·技術(shù)與編程》 蔣靜, 徐志偉著 機械工業(yè)出版社
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